mitra : mitrá m. (orig. mit-tra, fr. √ mith or mid; cf. medin) a friend, companion, associate, [RV.]; [AV.] (in later language mostly n.)

mitra : N. of an Āditya (generally invoked together with Varuṇa cf. mitrā-v°, and often associated with Aryaman q.v.; Mitra is extolled alone in [RV. iii, 59], and there described as calling men to activity, sustaining earth and sky and beholding all creatures with unwinking eye; in later times he is considered as the deity of the constellation Anurādhā, and father of Utsarga), [RV.] &c. &c.

mitra : the sun, [Kāv.] &c. (cf. comp.)

mitra : N. of a Marut, [Hariv.]

mitra : of a son of Vasiṣṭha and various other men, [Pur.]

mitra : of the third Muhūrta, [L.]

mitra : du. = mitrá-varuṇa, [RV.]

mitra : mitrá n. friendship, [RV.]

mitra : mitrá n. a friend, companion (cf. m. above), [TS.] &c., &c.

mitra : mitrá n. (with aurasa) a friend connected by blood-relationship, [Hit.]

mitra : an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called ari, enemy, [Mn. vii, 158] &c., in this meaning also applied to planets, [VarBṛS.])

mitra : a companion to = resemblance of (gen.; ifc. = resembling, like), [Bālar.]; [Vcar.]

mitra : N. of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires), [MBh.]

mitra : a partic. mode of fighting, [Hariv.] (v.l. for bhinna).

mitra : Nom. P. mitrati, to act in a friendly manner, [Śatr.]

tat : for tád. See col. 3.

tat : , 1. tatá. See √ tan

tat : in comp. for tád.

tat : mfn. ifc. See parī-

tat : cf. purī-tát.

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

varuṇa : váruṇa m. (once in the [TĀr.] varuṇá) ‘All-enveloping Sky’, N. of an Āditya (in the Veda commonly associated with Mitra [q.v.] and presiding over the night as Mitra over the day, but often celebrated separately, whereas Mitra is rarely invoked alone; Varuṇa is one of the oldest of the Vedic gods, and is commonly thought to correspond to the Οὐρανός of the Greeks, although of a more spiritual conception; he is often regarded as the supreme deity, being then styled ‘king of the gods’ or ‘king of both gods and men’ or ‘king of the universe’; no other deity has such grand attributes and functions assigned to him; he is described as fashioning and upholding heaven and earth, as possessing extraordinary power and wisdom called māyā, as sending his spies or messengers throughout both worlds, as numbering the very winkings of men's eyes, as hating falsehood, as seizing transgressors with his pāśa or noose, as inflicting diseases, especially dropsy, as pardoning sin, as the guardian of immortality; he is also invoked in the Veda together with Indra, and in later Vedic literature together with Agni, with Yama, and with Viṣṇu; in [RV. iv, 1, 2], he is even called the brother of Agni; though not generally regarded in the Veda as a god of the ocean, yet he is often connected with the waters, especially the waters of the atmosphere or firmament, and in one place [[RV. vii, 64, 2]] is called with Mitra, sindhu-pati, ‘lord of the sea or of rivers’; hence in the later mythology he became a kind of Neptune, and is there best known in his character of god of the ocean; in the [MBh.] Varuṇa is said to be a son of Kardama and father of Puṣkara, and is also variously represented as one of the Deva-gandharvas, as a Nāga, as a king of the Nāgas, and as an Asura; he is the regent of the western quarter [cf. loka-pāla] and of the Nakṣatra Śatabhiṣaj [[VarBṛS.]]; the Jainas consider Varuṇa as a servant of the twentieth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [IW. 10]; [12] &c.)

varuṇa : the ocean, [VarBṛS.]

varuṇa : water, [Kathās.]

varuṇa : the sun, [L.]

varuṇa : awarder off or dispeller, [Sāy.] on [RV. v, 48, 5]

varuṇa : N. of a partic. magical formula recited over weapons, [R.] (v.l. varaṇa)

varuṇa : the tree Crataeva Roxburghii, [L.] (cf. varaṇa)

varuṇa : pl. (prob.) the gods generally, [AV. iii, 4, 6]

varuṇa : váruṇa &c. See p. 921, col. 2.

maṃh : (cf. √ mah) cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xvi, 33]) máṃhate (pf., mamaṃhe &c. Gr.), to give, grant, bestow (with dānāya, ‘as a present’), [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; to increase, [Dhātup.] : Caus. maṃhayati (cl. 10. accord. to [Dhātup. xxxiii, 124]), to give &c., [RV.]; to speak or to shine, [Dhātup.] : Intens., māmahe &c.; See √ mah.

śarma : n. = śarman, [L.]

śarma : in comp. for śarman.

śarman : śárman n. (prob. fr. √ śri and connected with 1. śaraṇa, śarīra) shelter, protection, refuge, safety, [RV.] &c. &c.;

śarman : a house, [Naigh. iii, 4]

śarman : Joy, bliss, comfort, delight, happiness (often at the end of names of Brāhmans, just as varman is added to the names of Kṣatriyas, and gupta to those of Vaiśyas), [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

śarman : N. of partic. formulas, [VarYogay.]

śarman : identified with śarva ([Kauś.]) and with vāc ([AitBr.])

śarman : śárman mfn. happy, prosperous, [W.]

tokāya : Nom. (ind. °yitvā) to represent a newborn child, [BhP. x.]

toka : toká n. (fr. √ 1. tuc) offspring, children, race, child (often joined with tánaya; rarely pl. [AV. i], [v]; [BhP. vi]), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Kāṭh.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.]; [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 1]; [Kār.]; [BhP.]

toka : a new-born child; [ii], [x]

toka : toká m. ifc. the offspring of an animal (e.g. aja-, a young goat), [iii], [x]

toka : cf. ava-tokā, jīvat-tokā and sa-toka

toka : √ tvakṣ.

tanaya : tánaya mfn. propagating a family, belonging to one's own family (often said of toká), [RV.]; [AitBr. ii, 7]

tanaya : tánaya m. a son, [Mn. iii, 16]; [viii, 275]; [MBh.] (du. ‘son and daughter’, [iii, 2565]), [Śak.]; [Ragh. ii, 64]

tanaya : = -bhavana, [VarBṛS.]

tanaya : N. of a Vāsiṣṭha, [Hariv. 477] (v.l. anagha)

tanaya : pl. N. of a people, [MBh. vi, 371]

tanaya : tánaya n. posterity, family, race, offspring, child (‘grandchild’, opposed to toká, ‘child’, [Nir. x, 7]; [xii, 6]), [RV.]; [VarBṛS.] (ifc. f(A). , [ciii, 1 f.])

gopā : go—pā́ m. (nom. ā́s acc. ā́m du. ā́ or aú pl. nom. ā́s instr. ā́bhis) a herdsman, guardian, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [TBr. iii]; [ChUp.]; [ŚvetUp.]

gopā : go—pā́ f. (ā́s) a female guardian, [AV. xii, 1, 57]; [TBr. iii] (cf. gopá s.v., á-, devá-, vāyú-, saha-, sóma-, su-gopā́)

gopā : go-pā (ā), f. N. of one of the wives of Śākya-muni, [Lalit. xii] &c.

gopā : cf. gaupeya

gopā : Ichnocarpus frutescens, [L.]

mā : f. a mother, [L.]

mā : measure, [L.]

mā : authority (-tva n.), [Nyāyam.]

mā : light, [L.]

mā : knowledge, [L.]

mā : binding, fettering, [L.]

mā : death, [L.]

mā : a woman's waist, [L.]

mā : mā́ ind. (causing a following ch to be changed to cch, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 74]) not, that not, lest, would that not, [RV.] &c. &c.

mā : a particle of prohibition or negation = Gk. μή, most commonly joined with the Subjunctive i.e. the augmentless form of a past tense (esp. of the aor., e.g. mā́ no vadhīr indra, do not slay us, O Indra, [RV.]; mā bhaiṣīḥ or mā bhaiḥ, do not be afraid, [MBh.]; tapovana-vāsinām uparodho mā bhūt, let there not be any disturbance of the inhabitants of the sacred grove, [Śak.]; often also with sma, e.g. mā sma gamaḥ, do not go, [Bhag.] cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 175]; [176]; in the sense of ‘that not, lest’ also yathā mā, e.g. yathā mā vo mṛtyuḥ pari-vyatkā iti, that death may not disturb you, [PraśnaUp.]; or mā yathā, e.g. mā bhūt kālātyayo yathā, lest there be any loss of time, [R.]; mā na with aor. Subj. = Ind. without a negative, e.g. mā dviṣo na vadhīr mama, do slay my enemies, [Bhaṭṭ.] cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]; rarely with the augmentless impf. with or without sma, e.g. mainam abhibhāṣathāḥ, do not speak to him, [R.]; mā sma karot, let him not do it, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 74], Sch.; exceptionally also with the Ind. of the aor., e.g., mā kālas tvām aty-agāt, may not the season pass by thee, [MBh.]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 75], Sch.)

mā : or with the Impv. (in [RV.] only [viii, 103, 6], mā no hṛṇītām [[SV.] hṛṇītās] agníḥ, may Agni not be angry with us; but very often in later language, e.g. mā kranda do not cry, [MBh.]; gaccha vā mā vā, you can go or not go, [ib.]; ripur ayam mā jāyatām, may not this foe arise, [Śāntiś.]; also with sma, e.g. mā sma kiṃ cid vaco vada do not speak a word, [MBh.])

mā : or with the Pot. (e.g. mā yamam paśyeyam, may I not see Yama; esp. mābhujema in [RV.])

mā : or with the Prec. (only once in mā bhūyāt, may it not be, [R. [B.] ii, 75, 45])

mā : or sometimes with the fut. (= that not, lest, e.g. mā tvāṃ śapsye, lest I curse thee, [MBh.] cf. [Vop. xxv, 27])

mā : or with a participle (e.g. mā jīvanyo duḥkhadagdho jīvati, he ought not to live who lives consumed by pain, [Pañcat.]; gataḥ sa mā, he cannot have gone, [Kathās.]; maīvamprārthyam, it must not be so requested, [BhP.])

mā : sometimes for the simple negative na (e.g. katham mā bhūt, how may it not be, [Kathās.]; mā gantum arhasi, thou oughtest not to go, [R.]; mā bhūd āgataḥ, can he not i.e. surely he must have arrived, [Amar.])

mā : occasionally without a verb (e. g. mā śabdaḥ or śabdam, do not make a noise, [Hariv.]; mā nāma rakṣiṇaḥ, may it not be the watchmen, [Mṛcch.]; mā bhavantam analaḥ pavano vā, may not fire or wind harm thee, [Vām. v, 1, 14]; esp. = not so, e.g. mā prātṛda, not so, O Pr°, [ŚBr.]; in this meaning also mā mā, mā maivam, mā tāvat)

mā : in the Veda often with u (mó) = and not, nor (e.g. mā́ maghónaḥ pári khyatam mó asmā́kam ṛ́ṣṇām, do not forget the rich lords nor us the poets, [RV. v, 65, 6]; and then usually followed by ṣú = sú, e.g. mo ṣú ṇaḥ nírṛtir vadhīt, let not N° on any account destroy us, [i, 38, 6])

mā : in [ŚBr.] sma mā — mó sma = neither — nor (in a prohibitive sense).

mā : cl. 3. P. mímāti (accord. to [Dhātup. xxv, 6] Ā. mimīte, [SV.] mimeti; Pot. mimīyat, [Kāṭh.]; pf., mimāya; aor. ámīmet Subj. mīmayat; inf. mā́tavaí), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (esp. said of cows, calves, goats &c.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.] : Intens., only pr. p. mémyat, bleating (as a goat), [RV. i, 162, 2.]

mā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 54]) māti; cl. 3. Ā. ([xxv, 6]) mímīte; cl. 4. Ā. ([xxvi, 33]) māyate (Ved. and ep. also mimāti Pot. mimīyāt Impv., mimīhi; Pot. mimet, [Br.]; pf. mamaú, mame, mamiré, [RV.]; aor. ámāsi Subj. mā́sātai, [AV.]; amāsīt Gr.; Prec. māsīṣṭa, meyāt, [ib.]; fut. mātā; māsyati, māsyate, [ib.]; inf. -mé, -maí, [RV.]; mātum, [Br.]; ind.p. mitvā́, -mā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.), to measure, mete out, mark off, [RV.] &c. &c.; to measure across = traverse, [RV.]; to measure (by any standard), compare with (instr.), [Kum.]; (māti) to correspond in measure (either with gen., ‘to be large or long enough for’, [BhP.]; or with loc., ‘to find room or be contained in’, [Inscr.]; [Kāv.]; or with na and instr., ‘to be beside one's self with’, [Vcar.]; [Kathās.]); to measure out, apportion, grant, [RV.]; to help any one (acc.) to anything (dat.), [ib.], [i, 120, 9]; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make, [RV.]; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta, ‘he displayed or developed himself’, [iii, 29, 11]), [ib.]; (in phil.) to infer, conclude; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi), [Naigh. iii, 19] : Pass. mīyáte (aor. amāyi); to be measured &c., [RV.]; &c. Caus., māpayati, °te (aor. amīmapat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 93], Vārtt. 2 [Pat.]), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect, [Up.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.: Desid. mitsati, °te, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 54]; [58] (cf. nir-√ mā) : Intens. memīyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 66.]

mā : [cf. Zd. mā; Gk. μέτρον, μετρέω; Lat. mētior, mensus, mensura; Slav. měra; Lith. mėrà.]

mā : f. See under ma, p. 771, col. 2.

bhuj : cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 124]) bhujáti (pf. bubhoja aor. abhaukṣīt fut. bhokṣyati and °ktā Gr.; really only pr. stem aor. -ábubhojīs and ind.p. -bhujya after nir and pari; cf. also bhujam in bhujaṃ-ga and bhujaṃgama), to bend, curve; (?) to sweep (cf. bhují), [RV.] : Pass. bhujyate, to be bent down or disheartened, [Hit. iv, 28.]

bhuj : [cf. Gk. ϕεύγω; Lat. fugio; Goth. biugan, baugjan (?); Germ. biogan, biegen; Angl.Sax. búgan; Eng. bow.]

bhuj : See tri-bhúj.

bhuj : cl. 7. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxix, 17]) bhunákti, bhuṅkté (rarely cl. 6. P. Ā. bhuñjati, °te, [Up.]; [MBh.]; 3. pl. Ā. bhuñjaté, [RV.]; Pot. P. bhuñjīyāt, [Gobh.]; pf. Ā. bubhujé, °jmáhe, °jriré, [RV.]; 3. pl. P. °juḥ, [MBh.]; aor. abhaukṣīt, abhukta Gr.; bhójam, bhójate, bhujema, [RV.]; bhukṣiṣīya, [Br.]; fut. bhokṣyati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; bhoktā, [R.]; inf. bhójase, bhújam, bhuje, [RV.] : bhoktum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. bhuktvā or bhuṅktvā, [ib.]), to enjoy, use, possess, (esp.) enjoy a meal, eat, eat and drink, consume (mostly Ā.; in Ved. generally with instr., later with acc.), [RV.] &c. &c. ; to enjoy (carnally), [Gṛhyās.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.]; to make use of, utilize, exploit, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (with pṛthivīm, mahīm &c.) to take possession of, rule, govern, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to suffer, experience, undergo, be requited or rewarded for (acc.) or at the hands of (gen.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (P.) to be of use or service to (acc.), [RV.]; [TS.]; [Br.]; [Up.]; to pass, live through, last (a time), [Rājat.]; [BhP.]; (in astron.) to pass through, fulfil, [Sūryas.] : Pass. bhujyate (aor. abhoji), to be enjoyed or eaten or possessed or made use of [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. bhojayati (te°, mc.; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 87]; once bhuñjāpayati, [Pañcat. ii, 49] v.l.; aor. abūbhujat, °jata Gr.), to cause to enjoy or eat, feed with (two acc. or acc. of pers. and instr. of thing; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52]), [AV.] &c.; &c.; to use as food, [Car.] : Desid. bubhukṣati (once), °te, to wish to eat, be hungry, [MBh.]; [BhP.]; to wish to enjoy or partake of [Naiṣ.] (cf. bubhukṣā, °kṣita, °kṣu) : Intens. bobhujyate, to be eaten frequently, [VarBṛS.]; bobhokti and bobhujīti, to eat or enjoy frequently Gr.

bhuj : [cf. Lat. fungor.]

bhuj : bhúj f. enjoyment, profit, advantage, possession or use of (gen.), [RV.]; [AV.] (bhujé, also as infin.)

bhuj : bhúj m. an enjoyer, eater (said of Agni), [RV. x, 20, 2]

bhuj : bhúj mfn. (ifc.) enjoying (also carnally), eating, consuming, partaking of, possessing, ruling, [Mn.]; [MBh.] and o. (with words meaning ‘earth’ = ‘king’; cf. kṣitibh° &c.)

bhuj : bhúj m. enjoying the reward of, suffering for (kilbiṣa-bh°), [MārkP.]

bhuj : passing, through, fulfilling (vyakta-bh°), [BhP.]

anyajāta : anyá—ja or anyá—jāta (anyá-) [[RV.]], mfn. born of another (family, &c.), of a different origin.

enas : énas (as), n. (√ i, [Uṇ. iv, 197]; √ in, [BRD.]), mischief, crime, sin, offence, fault, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.] &c.

enas : evil, unhappiness, misfortune, calamity, [RV.]; [AV.]

enas : censure, blame, [L.];

enas : [cf. Zd. aenaṅh; Gk. αἰνός.]

mā : f. a mother, [L.]

mā : measure, [L.]

mā : authority (-tva n.), [Nyāyam.]

mā : light, [L.]

mā : knowledge, [L.]

mā : binding, fettering, [L.]

mā : death, [L.]

mā : a woman's waist, [L.]

mā : mā́ ind. (causing a following ch to be changed to cch, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 74]) not, that not, lest, would that not, [RV.] &c. &c.

mā : a particle of prohibition or negation = Gk. μή, most commonly joined with the Subjunctive i.e. the augmentless form of a past tense (esp. of the aor., e.g. mā́ no vadhīr indra, do not slay us, O Indra, [RV.]; mā bhaiṣīḥ or mā bhaiḥ, do not be afraid, [MBh.]; tapovana-vāsinām uparodho mā bhūt, let there not be any disturbance of the inhabitants of the sacred grove, [Śak.]; often also with sma, e.g. mā sma gamaḥ, do not go, [Bhag.] cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 175]; [176]; in the sense of ‘that not, lest’ also yathā mā, e.g. yathā mā vo mṛtyuḥ pari-vyatkā iti, that death may not disturb you, [PraśnaUp.]; or mā yathā, e.g. mā bhūt kālātyayo yathā, lest there be any loss of time, [R.]; mā na with aor. Subj. = Ind. without a negative, e.g. mā dviṣo na vadhīr mama, do slay my enemies, [Bhaṭṭ.] cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]; rarely with the augmentless impf. with or without sma, e.g. mainam abhibhāṣathāḥ, do not speak to him, [R.]; mā sma karot, let him not do it, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 74], Sch.; exceptionally also with the Ind. of the aor., e.g., mā kālas tvām aty-agāt, may not the season pass by thee, [MBh.]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 75], Sch.)

mā : or with the Impv. (in [RV.] only [viii, 103, 6], mā no hṛṇītām [[SV.] hṛṇītās] agníḥ, may Agni not be angry with us; but very often in later language, e.g. mā kranda do not cry, [MBh.]; gaccha vā mā vā, you can go or not go, [ib.]; ripur ayam mā jāyatām, may not this foe arise, [Śāntiś.]; also with sma, e.g. mā sma kiṃ cid vaco vada do not speak a word, [MBh.])

mā : or with the Pot. (e.g. mā yamam paśyeyam, may I not see Yama; esp. mābhujema in [RV.])

mā : or with the Prec. (only once in mā bhūyāt, may it not be, [R. [B.] ii, 75, 45])

mā : or sometimes with the fut. (= that not, lest, e.g. mā tvāṃ śapsye, lest I curse thee, [MBh.] cf. [Vop. xxv, 27])

mā : or with a participle (e.g. mā jīvanyo duḥkhadagdho jīvati, he ought not to live who lives consumed by pain, [Pañcat.]; gataḥ sa mā, he cannot have gone, [Kathās.]; maīvamprārthyam, it must not be so requested, [BhP.])

mā : sometimes for the simple negative na (e.g. katham mā bhūt, how may it not be, [Kathās.]; mā gantum arhasi, thou oughtest not to go, [R.]; mā bhūd āgataḥ, can he not i.e. surely he must have arrived, [Amar.])

mā : occasionally without a verb (e. g. mā śabdaḥ or śabdam, do not make a noise, [Hariv.]; mā nāma rakṣiṇaḥ, may it not be the watchmen, [Mṛcch.]; mā bhavantam analaḥ pavano vā, may not fire or wind harm thee, [Vām. v, 1, 14]; esp. = not so, e.g. mā prātṛda, not so, O Pr°, [ŚBr.]; in this meaning also mā mā, mā maivam, mā tāvat)

mā : in the Veda often with u (mó) = and not, nor (e.g. mā́ maghónaḥ pári khyatam mó asmā́kam ṛ́ṣṇām, do not forget the rich lords nor us the poets, [RV. v, 65, 6]; and then usually followed by ṣú = sú, e.g. mo ṣú ṇaḥ nírṛtir vadhīt, let not N° on any account destroy us, [i, 38, 6])

mā : in [ŚBr.] sma mā — mó sma = neither — nor (in a prohibitive sense).

mā : cl. 3. P. mímāti (accord. to [Dhātup. xxv, 6] Ā. mimīte, [SV.] mimeti; Pot. mimīyat, [Kāṭh.]; pf., mimāya; aor. ámīmet Subj. mīmayat; inf. mā́tavaí), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (esp. said of cows, calves, goats &c.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.] : Intens., only pr. p. mémyat, bleating (as a goat), [RV. i, 162, 2.]

mā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 54]) māti; cl. 3. Ā. ([xxv, 6]) mímīte; cl. 4. Ā. ([xxvi, 33]) māyate (Ved. and ep. also mimāti Pot. mimīyāt Impv., mimīhi; Pot. mimet, [Br.]; pf. mamaú, mame, mamiré, [RV.]; aor. ámāsi Subj. mā́sātai, [AV.]; amāsīt Gr.; Prec. māsīṣṭa, meyāt, [ib.]; fut. mātā; māsyati, māsyate, [ib.]; inf. -mé, -maí, [RV.]; mātum, [Br.]; ind.p. mitvā́, -mā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.), to measure, mete out, mark off, [RV.] &c. &c.; to measure across = traverse, [RV.]; to measure (by any standard), compare with (instr.), [Kum.]; (māti) to correspond in measure (either with gen., ‘to be large or long enough for’, [BhP.]; or with loc., ‘to find room or be contained in’, [Inscr.]; [Kāv.]; or with na and instr., ‘to be beside one's self with’, [Vcar.]; [Kathās.]); to measure out, apportion, grant, [RV.]; to help any one (acc.) to anything (dat.), [ib.], [i, 120, 9]; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make, [RV.]; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta, ‘he displayed or developed himself’, [iii, 29, 11]), [ib.]; (in phil.) to infer, conclude; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi), [Naigh. iii, 19] : Pass. mīyáte (aor. amāyi); to be measured &c., [RV.]; &c. Caus., māpayati, °te (aor. amīmapat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 93], Vārtt. 2 [Pat.]), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect, [Up.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.: Desid. mitsati, °te, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 54]; [58] (cf. nir-√ mā) : Intens. memīyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 66.]

mā : [cf. Zd. mā; Gk. μέτρον, μετρέω; Lat. mētior, mensus, mensura; Slav. měra; Lith. mėrà.]

mā : f. See under ma, p. 771, col. 2.

tat : for tád. See col. 3.

tat : , 1. tatá. See √ tan

tat : in comp. for tád.

tat : mfn. ifc. See parī-

tat : cf. purī-tát.

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

karma : (in comp. for kárman above).

kṛ : Ved. I) cl. 2. P. 2. sg. kárṣi du. kṛthás pl. kṛthá; Ā. 2. sg. kṛṣé; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ákar, 3. sg. rarely ákat ([ŚBr. iii], [xi]) ; 3. du. ákartām; pl. ákarma, ákarta (also, [BhP. ix]), ákran (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iv, 2, 80], [Kāś.]); Ā. ákri ([RV. x, 159, 4] and [174, 4]), ákṛthās ([RV. v, 30, 8]), ákṛta ([RV.]); akrātām ([ŚāṅkhŚr.]), ákrata ([RV.]; [AV.]) : Impv. kṛdhí (also, [MBh. i, 5141] and [BhP. viii]), kṛtám, kṛtá; Ā. kṛṣvá, kṛdhvám; Subj. 2. and 3. sg. kar pl. kárma, kárta and kartana, kran; Ā. 3. sg. kṛta ([RV. ix, 69, 5]), 3. pl. kránta ([RV. i, 141, 3]) : Pot. kriyāma ([RV. x, 32, 9]); pr. p. P. (nom. pl.) krántas Ā. krāṇá. II) cl. 1. P. kárasi, kárati, kárathas, káratas, káranti; Ā. kárase, kárate, kárāmahe: impf. ákaram, ákaras, ákarat (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 59]) : Impv. kára, káratam, káratām: Subj. káram, kárāṇi, káras, kárat, kárāma, káran; Ā. karāmahai; pr. p. f. kárantī ([Naigh.]) III) cl. 5. P. kṛṇómi, °ṇóṣi, °ṇóti, kṛṇuthás, kṛṇmás and kṛṇmasi, kṛṇuthá, kṛṇvánti; Ā. kṛṇvé, kṛṇuṣé, kṛṇuté, 3. du. kṛṇvaíte ([RV. vi, 25, 4]); pl. kṛṇmáhe, kṛṇváte: impf. ákṛṇos, ákṛṇot, ákṛṇutam, ákṛṇuta and °ṇotana ([RV. i, 110, 8]), ákṛṇvan; Ā. 3. sg. ákṛṇuta pl. ákṛṇudhvam, ákṛṇvata: Impv. kṛṇú or kṛṇuhí or kṛṇutā́t, kṛṇótu, kṛṇutám, kṛṇutā́m, 2. pl. kṛṇutá or kṛṇóta or kṛṇótana, 3. pl. kṛṇvántu; Ā. kṛṇuṣvá, kṛṇutā́m, kṛṇvā́thām, kṛṇudhvám: Subj. kṛṇávas, °ṇávat or °ṇávāt, kṛṇávāva, °ṇávāma, °ṇávātha, °ṇávatha, °ṇávan; Ā. kṛṇávai (once °ṇavā, [RV. x, 95, 2]), kṛṇavase (also, [ŚvetUp. ii, 7] v.l. °ṇvase), kṛṇavate, kṛṇávāvahai, kṛṇávāmahai, 3. pl. kṛṇávanta ([RV.]) or kṛṇavante or kṛṇvata ([RV.]) : Pot. Ā. kṛṇvītá; pr. p. P. kṛṇvát (f. °vatī́) Ā. kṛṇvāṇá. IV) cl. 8. (this is the usual formation in the Brāhmaṇas; Sūtras, and in classical Sanskṛt) P. karómi (ep. kurmi, [MBh. iii, 10943]; [R. ii, 12, 33]); kurvás, kuruthás, kurutás, kurmás [kulmas in an interpolation after, [RV. x, 128]], kuruthá, kurvánti; Ā. kurvé, &c., 3. pl. kurváte ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 108]-[110]) : impf. akaravam, akaros, akarot, akurva, &c.; Ā. 3. sg. akuruta pl. akurvata: Impv. kuru, karotu (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt, 3. sg. also, [BhP. vi, 4, 34]), kuruta or kurutana ([Nir. iv, 7]); Ā. kuruṣva, kurudhvam, kurvátām: Subj. karavāṇi, karavas, °vāt, °vāva or °vāvas ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 98], [Kāś.]), °vāma or °vāmas ([ib.]), °vātha, °van; Ā. karavai, kuruthās, karavāvahai ([TUp.]; °he, [MBh. iii, 10762]), karavaithe, °vaite ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 95], [Kāś.]), °vāmahai (°he, [MBh.]; [R. i, 18, 12]) : Pot. P. kuryām Ā. kurvīya ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 109] and [110]); pr. p. P. kurvát (f. °vatī́); Ā. kurvāṇá: perf. P. cakā́ra, cakártha, cakṛvá, cakṛmá, cakrá ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 13]); Ā. cakré, cakriré; p. cakṛvas (acc. cakrúṣam, [RV. x, 137, 1]); Ā. cakrāṇa ([Vop.]) : 2nd fut. kariṣyáti; Subj. 2. sg. kariṣyā́s ([RV. iv, 30, 23]); 1st fut. kártā: Prec. kriyāsam: aor. P. Ved. cakaram ([RV. iv, 42, 6]), acakrat ([RV. iv, 18, 12]), ácakriran ([RV. viii, 6, 20]); Ā. 1. sg. kṛske ([RV. x, 49, 7]); Class. akārṣīt ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 1], [Kāś.]; once akāraṣīt, [BhP. i, 10, 1]); Pass. aor. reflex. akāri and akṛta ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 62], [Kāś.]) : Inf. kártum, Ved. kártave, kártavaí, kártos (see ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtvā́, Ved. kṛtvī́ [[RV.]] and kṛtvā́ya [[TS. iv], [v]]; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake, [RV.] &c.; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (gen. or loc.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to execute, carry out (as an order or command), [ib.]; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build, [ib.]; to form or construct one thing out of another (abl. or instr.), [R. i, 2, 44]; [Hit.] &c.; to employ, use, make use of (instr.), [ŚvetUp.]; [Mn. x, 91]; [MBh.] &c.; to compose, describe, [R. i]; to cultivate, [Yājñ. ii, 158] (cf. [Mn. x, 114]); to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (e.g. varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ, ‘they spent ten years’, [MBh. xv, 6]; kṣaṇaṃ kuru, ‘wait a moment’, [MBh.]; cf. kṛtakṣaṇa); to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (acc. or loc. or instr., e.g. ardháṃ-√ kṛ, to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in (gen.; see 2. ardhá); haste or pāṇau-√ kṛ, to take by the hand, marry, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 77]; hṛdayena-√ kṛ, to place in one's heart, love, [Mṛcch.]; hṛdi-√ kṛ, to take to heart, mind, think over, consider, [Rājat. v, 313]; manasi-√ kṛ id., [R. ii, 64, 8]; [Hcar.]; to determine, purpose [ind.p. °si-kṛtvā or °si-kṛtya] [Pāṇ. i, 4, 75]; vaśe-√ kṛ, to place in subjection, become master of [Mn. ii, 100]); to direct the thoughts, mind, &c. (mánas [[RV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.] or buddhim [[Nal. xxvi, 10]] or matim [[MBh.]; [R.]] or bhāvam [[ib.]], &c.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (loc. dat. inf., or a sentence with iti, e.g. mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ, do not turn your mind to grief, [Nal. xiv, 22] ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre, he resolved upon going, [R. i, 9, 55]; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre, he resolved to create a gourd, [MBh. iii, 8844]; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra, he determined to see him, [MBh. iii, 12335]); to think of (acc.), [R. i, 21, 14]; to make, render (with two acc., e.g. ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata, they made the sun their goal, [AitBr. iv, 7]), [RV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with gen. or loc.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; Ā. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume, [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; [Mn. vii, 10] &c.; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dat.), [RV.]; [VS.]; to make liable to (dat.), [RV. iii, 41, 6]; [ŚBr. iv]; to injure, violate (e.g. kanyāṃ-√ kṛ, to violate a maiden), [Mn. viii, 367] and [369]; to appoint, institute, [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; to give an order, commission, [Mn.]; [R. ii, 2, 8]; to cause to get rid of, free from (abl. or -tas), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 49], [Kāś.]; to begin (e.g. cakre śobhayitum purīm, they began to adorn the city), [R. ii, 6, 10]; to proceed, act, put in practice, [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c.; to worship, sacrifice, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn. iii, 210]; to make a sound (svaram or śabdam, [MBh. iii, 11718]; [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; [Hit.]), utter, pronounce (often ifc. with the sounds phaṭ, phut, bhāṇ, váṣaṭ, svadhā́, svā́hā, hiṃ), pronounce any formula ([Mn. ii, 74] and [xi, 33]); (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā) to divide, separate or break up into parts (e.g. dvidhā-√ kṛ, to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā or dvidhā-kṛtya or -kāram, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 62]; sahasradhā-√ kṛ, to break into a thousand pieces); (with adverbs ending in vat) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (e.g. rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā, valuing the kingdom like a straw, [Vet.]); (with adverbs ending in sāt) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (see ātma-sāt, bhasma-sāt), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 52 ff.] The above senses of √ may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-√ kṛ, to contract friendship with; pūjāṃ-√ kṛ, to honour; rājyaṃ-√ kṛ, to reign; snehaṃ-√ kṛ, to show affection; ājñāṃ or nideśaṃ or śāsanaṃ or kāmaṃ or yācanāṃ or vacaḥ or vacanaṃ or vākyaṃ-√ kṛ, to perform any one's command or wish or request &c.; dharmaṃ-√ kṛ, to do one's duty, [Mn. vii, 136]; nakhāni-√ kṛ, ‘to clean one's nails’, see kṛta-nakha; udakaṃ [[Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [R.]; [Daś.]] or salilaṃ [[R. i, 44, 49]] √ , to offer a libation of water to the dead; to perform ablutions; astrāṇi-√ kṛ, to practise the use of weapons, [MBh. iii, 11824]; darduraṃ-√ kṛ, to breathe the flute, [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; daṇḍaṃ-√ kṛ, to inflict punishment &c., [Vet.]; kālaṃ-√ kṛ, to bring one's time to an end i.e. to die; ciraṃ-√ kṛ, to be long in doing anything, delay; manasā (for °si See above) √ , to place in one's mind, think of, meditate, [MBh.]; śirasā-√ kṛ, to place on the head; mūrdhnā-√ kṛ, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in Veda ([AV. xviii, 2, 27]), but commonly in the Brāhmaṇas, Sūtras, and especially in classical Sanskṛt the perf. forms cakāra and cakre auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives, e.g. āsāṃ cakre, ‘he sat down’; gamayā́ṃ cakāra, ‘he caused to go’ [see, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 40]; in Veda some other forms of √ are used in a similar way, viz. pr. karoti, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; impf. akar, [MaitrS.] & [Kāṭh.]; 3. pl. akran, [MaitrS.] & [TBr.]; Prec. kriyāt, [MaitrS.] (see [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 42]); according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 41], also karotu with √ vid]. Caus. kārayati, °te, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double acc., instr. and acc. [see [Pāṇ. i, 4, 53]], e.g. sabhāṃ kāritavān, he caused an assembly to be made, [Hit.]; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya, cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam, he ought to cause the Vaiśya to engage in trade, [Mn. viii, 410]; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā, I shall not be able to have anything done by thee, [MBh. ii, 6]); to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate, [Lāṭy.]; [Yājñ. ii, 158]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, &c. (e.g. taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat, he had the picture placed on the wall in his house, [Kathās. v, 30]), [Mn. viii, 251]. Sometimes the Caus. of √ is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (e.g. padaṃ kārayati, he pronounces a word, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 71], [Kāś.] ; mithyā k°, he pronounces wrongly, [ib.]; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya, treat or deal with Kaikeyī as the king does, [R. ii, 58, 16]) : Desid. cíkīrṣati (aor. 2. sg. acikīrṣīs, [ŚBr. iii]), ep. also °te, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after, [AV. xii, 4, 19]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c.; to wish to sacrifice or worship, [AV. v, 8, 3] : Intens. 3. pl. karikrati (pr. p. kárikrat See [Naigh. ii, 1] and [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 65]), to do repeatedly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; Class. carkarti or carikarti or carīkarti [[Pāṇ. vii, 4, 92], [Kāś.]], also carkarīti or carikarīti or carīkarīti or cekrīyate [ib., Sch.; [Vop.]];

kṛ : [cf. Hib. caraim, ‘I perform, execute’; ceard, ‘an art, trade, business, function’; sucridh, ‘easy’; Old Germ. karawan, ‘to prepare’; Mod. Germ. gar, ‘prepared (as food)’; Lat. creo, ceremonia; κραίνω, κρόνος.]

kṛ : cl. 3. P. p. cakrát (Pot. 2. sg. cakriyās; aor. 1. sg. akārṣam [[AV. vii, 7, 1]] or akāriṣam [[RV. iv, 39, 6]]), to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (gen.), [RV.]; [AV.] : Intens. (1. sg. carkarmi, 1. pl. carkirāma, 3. pl. carkiran; Impv. 2. sg. carkṛtā́t and carkṛdhi; aor. 3. sg. Ā. cárkṛṣe) id., [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. kārú, kīrí, kīrtí.)

kṛ : to injure, &c. See √ 2. kṝ.

kṛ : 2. kṝ (or v.l. ) cl. 5. 9.P. Ā. kṛṇoti, °ṇute, °ṇāti, °ṇīte, to hurt, injure, kill, [Dhātup.]; [Vop. xvi, 2]; kṛṇváti, [Naigh. ii, 19.]

vasu : vásu mf(u or vI)n. (for 2. See p. 932, col. 3) excellent, good, beneficent, [RV.]; [GṛŚrS.]

vasu : sweet, [L.]

vasu : dry, [L.]

vasu : N. of the gods (as the ‘good or bright ones’, esp. of the Ādityas, Maruts, Aśvins, Indra, Uṣas, Rudra, Vāyu, Viṣṇu, Śiva, and Kubera), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; [R.]

vasu : of a partic. class of gods (whose number is usually eight, and whose chief is Indra, later Agni and Viṣṇu; they form one of the nine Gaṇas or classes enumerated under Gaṇa-devatā q.v.; the eight Vasus were originally personifications, like other Vedic deities, of natural phenomena, and are usually mentioned with the other Gaṇas common in the Veda, viz. the eleven Rudras and the twelve Ādityas, constituting with them and with Dyaus, ‘Heaven’, and Pṛthivī, ‘Earth’ [or, according to some, with Indra and Prajā-pati, or, according to others, with the two Aśvins], the thirty-three gods to which reference is frequently made; the names of the Vasus, according to the Viṣṇu-Purāṇa, are, 1. Āpa [connected with ap, ‘water’]; 2. Dhruva, ‘the Pole-star’; 3. Soma, ‘the Moon’; 4. Dhava or Dhara; 5. Anila, ‘Wind’; 6. Anala or Pāvaka, ‘Fire’; 7. Pratyūṣa, ‘the Dawn’; 8. Prabhāsa, ‘Light’; but their names are variously given; Ahan, ‘Day’, being sometimes substituted for 1; in their relationship to Fire and Light they appear to belong to Vedic rather than Purānic mythology), [RV.] &c. &c.

vasu : a symbolical N. of the number ‘eight’, [VarBṛS.]

vasu : a ray of light, [Naigh. i, 15]

vasu : a partic. ray of light, [VP.]

vasu : = jina, [Śīl.] (only [L.] the sun; the moon; fire; a rope, thong; a tree; N. of two kinds of plant = baka and pīta-madgu; a lake, pond; a kind of fish; the tie of the yoke of a plough; the distance from the elbow to the closed fist)

vasu : N. of a Ṛṣi (with the patr. Bharad-vāja, author of [RV. ix, 80]-[82], reckoned among the seven sages), [Hariv.]

vasu : of a son of Manu, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Uttāna-pāda, [ib.]

vasu : of a prince of the Cedis also called Upari-cara, [MBh.]

vasu : of a son of Īlina, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Kuśa and the country called after him, [RV.]

vasu : of a son of Vasu-deva, [BhP.]

vasu : of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Vatsara, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Hiraṇya-retas and the Varṣa ruled by him, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Bhūtajyotis, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Naraka, [ib.]

vasu : of a king of Kaśmīra, [Cat.]

vasu : vásu (u), f. light, radiance, [L.]

vasu : a partic. drug, [L.]

vasu : N. of a daughter of Dakṣa and mother of the Vasus (as a class of gods), [Hariv.]; [VP.]

vasu : vásu n. (in Veda gen. vásos, vásvas and vásunas; also pl., exceptionally m.) wealth, goods, riches, property, [RV.] &c. &c. (°soṣ-pati m. prob. ‘the god of wealth or property’, [AV. i, 12] [[Paipp.] asoṣ-p°, ‘the god of life’]; °sor-dhā́rā f. ‘stream of wealth’, N. of a partic. libation of Ghṛta at the Agni-cayana, [AV.]; [TS.]; [Br.] &c.; of the wife of Agni, [BhP.]; of the heavenly Gaṅgā, [MBh.]; of sacred bathing-place, [ib.]; of a kind of vessel, [ib.]; °sor-dhā́rā-prayoga m. N. of wk.)

vasu : vásu n. gold (see -varma-dhara)

vasu : a jewel, gem, pearl (see -mekhala)

vasu : any valuable or precious object, [L.]

vasu : vásu n. (also f.) a partic. drug, [L.]

vasu : vásu n. a kind of salt (= romaka), [L.]

vasu : water, [L.]

vasu : a horse (?), [L.]

vasu : = śyāma, [L.]

vasu : m. or n. (for 1. See p. 930, col. 3) dwelling or dweller (see sáṃ-vasu).

vasu : 1. 2. See pp. 930 and 932.

yat : yát mfn. (pr. p. of √ 5. i) going, moving, [RV.] &c. &c. (abde yati, in this year, [L.])

yat : cl. 1. Ā. (prob. connected with √ yam and orig. meaning, ‘to stretch’, [Dhātup. ii, 29]) yátate (Ved. and ep. also P. °ti; p. yátamāna, yátāna and yatāná, [RV.]; pf. yete, 3. pl. yetire, [ib.] &c.; aor. ayatiṣṭa, [Br.]; fut. yatiṣyate, [Br.], °ti, [MBh.]; inf. yatitum, [MBh.]; ind.p. -yátya, [MBh.]), (P.) to place in order, marshal, join, connect, [RV.]; (P. or Ā.) to keep pace, be in line, rival or vie with (instr.), [ib.]; (Ā.) to join (instr.), associate with (instr.), march or fly together or in line, [ib.]; to conform or comply with (instr.), [ib.]; to meet, encounter (in battle), [ib.]; [Br.]; to seek to join one's self with, make for, tend towards (loc.), [ib.]; to endeavour to reach, strive after, be eager or anxious for (with loc. dat. acc. with or without prati, once with gen.; also with arthe, arthāya, artham and hetos ifc.; or with inf.), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to exert one's self, take pains, endeavour, make effort, persevere, be cautious or watchful, [ib.]; to be prepared for (acc.), [R.] : Caus. (or cl. 10. [Dhātup. xxxiii, 62]) yātáyati (or °te; aor. ayīyatat; Pass. yātyate), to join, unite (Ā. intrans.), [RV.]; to join or attach to (loc.) P. [PañcavBr.]; to cause to fight, [AitBr.]; to strive to obtain anything (acc.) from (abl.), [Mālav.]; ; (rarely Ā.) to requite, return, reward or punish, reprove (as a fault), [RV.] &c. &c. (Ā.) to surrender or yield up anything (acc.) to (acc. or gen.), [MBh.]; (P. Ā.) to distress, torture, vex, annoy, [BhP.]; accord. to [Dhātup.] also nikāre (others nirākāre or khede) and upaskāre: Desid. yiyatiṣate Gr.: Intens. yāyatyate and yāyatti, [ib.]

yat : in comp. for yad.

ya : the 1st semivowel (corresponding to the vowels i and ī, and having the sound of the English y, in Bengal usually pronounced j).

ya : m. (in prosody) a bacchic (˘ ¯ ¯), [Piṅg.]

ya : the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension [cf. yád and Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ].

ya : m. (in some senses fr. √ 1. yā, only, [L.]) a goer or mover

ya : wind

ya : joining

ya : restraining

ya : fame

ya : a carriage (?)

ya : barley

ya : light

ya : abandoning

ci : cl. 5. cinóti, °nute (1. pl. cinumas and °nmas, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 107]; perf. cikāya and cicāya, [vii, 3, 58]; 2. cicetha, [2, 61], [Kāś.]; 3. pl. cikyúr, [AV. x, 2, 4]; p. cikivas, [Kāṭh. xxii, 6]; Ā. cikye and cicye, [Vop. xii, 2]; p. cikyāná, [TS. v]; 2nd fut. p. ceṣyat, [Lāṭy.]; 1st fut. cetā, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 61], [Kāś.]; aor. acaiṣīt, [Kāś.] on [iii, 1, 42] and [vii, 2, 1]; Ved. cikayām akar, [iii, 1, 42], [Kāś.]; 1. sg. acaiṣam, 2. sg. acais, [Kāṭh. xxii, 6]; 3. pl. acaiṣur, [Bhaṭṭ.]; Ā. aceṣṭa, [Pāṇ. i, 2, 11], [Kāś.]; Prec. ceṣīṣṭa, [ib.], or cīyāt, [vii, 4, 25], [Kāś.]; ind.p. citvā́, [AV.] &c.; Pass. cīyate, [MuṇḍUp.] &c.; fut. cāyiṣyate & ceṣy° Cond. acāyiṣyata & aceṣy°, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 62], [Kāś.]) to arrange in order, heap up, pile up, construct (a sacrificial altar; P., if the priests construct the altar for another; Ā., if the sacrificer builds it for himself), [AV.]; [VS.]; [TS. v]; [Kāṭh.]; [ŚBr.]; to collect, gather together, accumulate, acquire for one's self, [MuṇḍUp.]; [MBh. i], [v]; to search through (for collecting; cf. √ 2. ), [MBh. v, 1255]; [Kām.] ([Pañcat.]); to cover, inlay, set with, [MBh.]; Pass. cīyate, to become covered with, [Suśr. v, 8, 31]; to increase, thrive, [Mudr. i, 3]; [Kpr. x, 52 a/b] ([Sāh.]) : Caus. cayayati and capay°, to heap up, gather, [Dhātup. xxxii, 85]; cāyayati and cāpay°, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 54] : Desid. cikīṣate (also °ti, [vii, 3, 58], [Kāś.]) to wish to pile up, [ŚBr. ix]; [KātyŚr. xvi]; cicīṣati ([Pāṇ. vii, 3, 58], [Kāś.]; [vi, 4, 16], [ed. vivīṣ°] [Kāś.]) to wish to accumulate or collect, [Kir. ii, 19]; [iii, 11] : Desid. Caus. (p. cicīṣayat) to cause any one to wish to arrange in order, [Bhaṭṭ. iii, 33] : Intens. cecīyate, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 58]; [4, 25] and [82].

ci : Ved. cl. 3. (ciketi, fr. √ ki, [Dhātup. xv, 19]; Impv. ciketu, [TS.]; Subj. Ā. cíketa; impf. aciket, [RV. x, 51, 3]; aor. 2. pl. Ā. ácidhvam, [RV.]; 3. sg. acait [fr. √ 4. cit, [Gmn.]], [vi, 44, 7];Ved. cikayām akar, [iii, 1, 42], [Kāś.]; to observe, perceive (with acc. or gen.), [RV.]; [Kāṭh. viii, 10]; to fix the gaze upon, be intent upon, [RV. v, 55, 7]; [TS. iii]; to seek for, [RV. vi, 44, 7] : Class. cl. 5. cinoti (p. °nvat, Ā. °nvāna) to seek for, investigate, search through, make inquiries (cf. √ 1. ), [MBh. iii, 2659]; [Bhartṛ.]; [Kathās. xxvi, 136] : Intens. cekite See √ 4. cit;

ci : [cf. Lat. scio.]

ci : cl. 1. cáyate (p. cáyamāna) to detest, hate ([Nir. iv, 25]), [RV. i, 167, 8] and [190, 5]; [vii, 52, 2]; to revenge, punish, take vengeance on (acc.), [ii, 27, 4]; [ix, 47, 2]; [AitBr. ii, 7]; [cf. ápaciti, kāti; τίνομαι τινά, τίω, τίσις, ποινή.]