satyam : satyám (ám), ind. (g. cādi and svar-ādi) truly, indeed, certainly, verily, necessarily, yes, very well (satyam-tu, kiṃ tu, tathāpi, ‘it is true — but, yet, however’; yat satyam, ‘indeed, certainly’), [RV.] &c. &c. [cf. accord. to some, Gk. ἐτεός.]

satya : satyá mf(A)n. true, real, actual, genuine, sincere, honest, truthful, faithful, pure, virtuous, good, successful, effectual, valid (satyaṃ-√ kṛ, ‘to make true, ratify, realise, fulfil’), [RV.] &c. &c.

satya : satyá m. the uppermost of the seven Lokas or worlds (the abode of Brahmā and heaven of truth; see loka), [L.]

satya : N. of the ninth Kalpa (q.v.), [Pur.]

satya : the Aśvattha tree, [L.]

satya : N. of Viṣṇu, [L.]

satya : of Rāma-candra, [L.]

satya : of a supernatural being, [Gaut.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Hcat.]

satya : of a deity presiding over the Nāndī-mukha Śrāddha, [L.]

satya : of one of the Viśve Devāḥ, [Cat.]

satya : of a Vyāsa, [Cat.]

satya : of a son of Havir-dhāna, [BhP.]

satya : of a son of Vitatya, [MBh.]

satya : of one of the 7 Ṛṣis in various Manvantaras, [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

satya : (with ācārya) N. of an astronomer (author of the Horā-śāstra), [VarBṛS.]

satya : pl. N. of a class of gods in various Manvantaras, [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

satya : satyá (am), n. truth, reality (satyena, ‘truly’, ‘certainly’, ‘really’; kásmāt sátyāt, ‘for what reason, how is it that?’ téna satyéna, ‘for that reason, so truly’; yathā-tena [or evaṃ] satyena, ‘as-so truly’; with Buddhists truth is of two kinds, viz. saṃvṛti- and paramārtha-satyam, ‘truth by general consent’ and ‘self-evident truth’, [Dharmas. 95]; for the four fundamental truths of Buddhists See [MWB. 43]; [56]), [RV.] &c. &c.

satya : speaking the truth, sincerity, veracity, [KenUp.]; [Mn.]; [R.] &c.

satya : a solemn asseveration, vow, promise, oath (satyaṃ cikīrṣamāṇa, ‘wishing to fulfil one's promise or keep one's word’), [AV.] &c. &c.

satya : demonstrated conclusion, dogma, [W.]

satya : the quality of goodness or purity or knowledge, [MW.]

satya : the first of the four Yugas or ages (= 1. -kṛtá, q.v.), [L.]

satya : a partic. mythical weapon, [R.]

satya : the uppermost of the 7 Lokas (see under m.), [Vedāntas.]; [BhP.]

satya : one of the 7 Vyāhṛtis, [L.]

satya : partic. Satya-formula, [ĀśvŚr.]

satya : = udaka, water, [Naigh. i, 12]

satya : (also with prajāpateḥ) N. of Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]; [ŚrS.]

satya : &c. See p. 1135, col. 3.

it : ifc. going, going towards

it : cf. arthét

it : (for 2. See s.v.)

it : (in Gr.) an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots &c. (= anubandha, q.v.)

it : for the Ved. particle id, q.v.

id : íd ind. Ved. (probably the neut. form of the pronom. base i See 3. i; a particle of affirmation) even, just, only

id : indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, e.g. yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd asat, as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be, [RV. viii, 28, 4]; dípsanta íd ripávo nā́ha debhuḥ, the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt, [RV. i, 147, 3]). is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (e.g. viśva it, every one indeed; śaśvad it, constantly indeed; eka it, one only). At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (e.g. tvam it, thou indeed; yadi it, if indeed, &c.) occurs often in the Ṛg-veda and Atharva-veda, seldom in the Brāhmaṇas, and its place is taken in classical Sanskṛt by eva and other particles.

vai : (orig. identical with √ 2. vā) cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 24]) vā́yati, to become languid or weary or exhausted, [RV.] (śoṣaṇe, [Dhātup.]); to be deprived of (gen.), [RV. viii, 47, 6]; P. and (ep. also Ā.), to blow, [Āpast.]; [MBh.]

vai : vaí ind. a particle of emphasis and affirmation, generally placed after a word and laying stress on it (it is usually translatable by ‘indeed’, ‘truly’, ‘certainly’, ‘verily’, ‘just’ &c.; it is very rare in the [RV.]; more frequent in the [AV.], and very common in the Brāhmaṇas and in works that imitate their style; in the Sūtras it is less frequent and almost restricted to the combination yady u vai; in Manu, [MBh.] and the Kāvyas it mostly appears at the end of a line, and as a mere expletive. In [RV.] it is frequently followed by u in the combination vā́ u [both particles are separated, [v, 18, 3]] ; it is also preceded by u and various other particles, e.g. by íd, áha, utá; in the Brāhmaṇas it often follows ha, ha sma, eva; in later language api and tu. According to some it is also a vocative particle).

u : the fifth letter and third short vowel of the alphabet, pronounced as the u in full.

u : ind. an interjection of compassion, anger, [L.]

u : a particle implying assent, calling, command, [L.]

u : ind. an enclitic copula used frequently in the Vedas;

u : (as a particle implying restriction and antithesis, generally after pronominals, prepositions, particles, and before nu and su, equivalent to) and, also, further; on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative, e.g. ya u, he on the contrary who &c.)

u : This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id and eva, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu, vai, hi, cid, &c. (e.g. ayám u vām purutámo … johavīti [[RV. iii, 62, 2]], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you &c.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (e.g. tám u stuṣa índram tám gṛṇīṣe [[RV. ii, 20, 4]], him I praise, Indra, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English ‘now’ (e.g. tád u táthā ná kuryāt [[ŚBr. v, 2, 2, 3]], that now he should not do in such a manner), and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (e.g. ká u tác ciketa [[RV. i, 164, 48]], who, I ask, should know that?)

u : Pāṇini calls this particle uñ to distinguish it from the interrogative . In the Pada-pāṭha it is written ūm.

u : In the classical language occurs only after atha, na, and kim, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (see kim);

u : — or — uta, on the one hand — on the other hand; partly — partly; as well — as.

u : cl. 5. P. unoti (see vy-u, [RV. v, 31, 1]) : cl. 2. Ā. (1. sg. uvé, [RV. x, 86, 7]) : cl. 1. Ā. avate, [Dhātup.]; to call to, hail; to roar, bellow (see also ota = ā-uta).

u : m. N. of Śiva

u : also of Brahman, [L.]

aśvin : aśvín mfn. possessed of horses, consisting of horses, [RV.]

aśvin : mounted on horseback, [MārkP.]

aśvin : aśvín (ī́), m. a cavalier

aśvin : horse-tamer, [RV.]

aśvin : aśvín (ínā or inau), m. du. ‘the two charioteers’, N. of two divinities (who appear in the sky before the dawn in a golden carriage drawn by horses or birds; they bring treasures to men and avert misfortune and sickness; they are considered as the physicians of heaven), [RV.] &c.

aśvin : a N. of the Nakṣatra presided over by the Aśvins, [VarBṛS.]

aśvin : the number, ‘two’, [ib.]; [Sūryas.]

aśvin : (for aśvi-sutau) the two sons of the Aśvins, viz. Nakula and Sahadeva, [MBh. v, 1816]

aśvin : aśvín (í), n. (= aśva-vat n. q.v.) richness in horses, [RV. i, 53, 4.]

ah : (defect. verb, only perf. 3. sg. ā́ha and 3. pl. āhúḥ, [RV.]; [AV.] &c., 2. sg. āttha, [ŚBr. xiv] ([BṛĀrUp.]), [N.]; [Ragh. iii, 48] 3. du. āhatuḥ, [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 35]) to say, speak, [RV.] &c.; (with lexicographers) to express, signify; to call (by name, nāmnā), [MBh. iii, 16065]; to call, hold, consider, regard as (with two acc., for one of which may be substituted a phrase with iti), [RV.] &c.; to state or declare with reference to (acc.), [BṛĀrUp.]; [Śak.]; [Megh.]; to acknowledge, accept, state, [AitBr.]; [Mn.] &c.; to adjudge anything (acc.) to any one (gen.), [Mn. ix, 44.]

ah : [cf. Hib. ag-all, ‘speech’; eigh-im, ‘I call’; Goth. af-aika, ‘I deny’; Lat. nego for n'-ego, ‘to say no’; ad-ag-ium, ajo, &c.]

ah : cl. 5. P. ahnoti, to pervade or occupy, [L.]

mayobhū : mayo—bhú or mayo—bhū́, mf(U/)n. = -bhava, [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [ĀśvGṛ.]

mayobhū : mayo—bhū (ū), m. a partic. Agni, [ŚāṅkhGṛ.]

tā : f. Lakṣmī, [L.]

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

yāman : yā́man n. (for 2. See p. 851, col. 3) going, coming, motion, course, flight, [RV.]

yāman : march, expedition, [ib.]

yāman : approaching the gods, invocation, prayer, sacrifice &c., [ib.]; [AV.]; [TS.] (loc. sometimes = this time or turn).

yāman : n. (for 1. See p. 850, col. 1) = niyamana, [TāṇḍBr.], Sch.

yāman : yā́man n. (for 2. See p. 851, col. 3) going, coming, motion, course, flight, [RV.]

yāman : march, expedition, [ib.]

yāman : approaching the gods, invocation, prayer, sacrifice &c., [ib.]; [AV.]; [TS.] (loc. sometimes = this time or turn).

yāman : n. (for 1. See p. 850, col. 1) = niyamana, [TāṇḍBr.], Sch.

ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.

ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.]

ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]]

ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.]

ā : grandfather, [L.]

ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.]

ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.]

ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.]

ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.]

ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.]

ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.]

ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.]

ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21]

ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.]

ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.]

ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)

ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531]

ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)

ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403]

ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’

ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12]

ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)

ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51]

ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.