3.18.1
भवा॑ नो अग्ने सु॒मना॒ उपे॑तौ॒ सखे॑व॒ सख्ये॑ पि॒तरे॑व सा॒धुः
पु॒रु॒द्रुहो॒ हि क्षि॒तयो॒ जना॑नां॒ प्रति॑ प्रती॒चीर्द॑हता॒दरा॑तीः
3.18.1
bhávā no agne sumánā úpetau
sákheva sákhye pitáreva sādhúḥ
purudrúho hí kṣitáyo jánānām
práti pratīcī́r dahatād árātīḥ
3.18.1
bhavafrom √bhū-
from agní-
from sumánas-
from sákhi-
from sákhi-
from sādhú-
from purudrúh-
from hí
from kṣití-
from jána-
from práti
from pratyáñc-
from √dah-
from árāti-
3.18.1
AGNI, be kind to us when we approach thee good as a friend to friend, as sire and mother. The races of mankind are great oppressors burn up malignity that strives against us.
3.18.1
Be kind, O Agni, when we approach thee, as a friend a friend, as parents 1, a straight leader. For full of deceit are the tribes of men: burn thou against (all) malign powers so that they turn back.
| Source index | Surface | Lemma | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.18.1 | bháva + bhava : bhavá m. (√ bhū) coming into existence, birth, production, origin (= bhāva, [Vop.]; ifc., with f(A). = arising or produced from, being in, relating to), [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. bhava : becoming, turning into (comp.), [Kāṭh.] bhava : being, state of being, existence, life (= sat-tā, [L.]), [ŚārṅgP.] (cf. bhavāntara) bhava : worldly existence, the world (= saṃsāra, [L.]), [Kāv.]; [Pur.] bhava : (with Buddhists) continuity of becoming (a link in the twelvefold chain of causation), [Dharmas. 42] ([MWB. 102]) bhava : well-being, prosperity, welfare, excellence (= śreyas, [L.]), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. bhava : obtaining, acquisition (= āpti, prāpti), [L.] bhava : a god, deity, [W.] bhava : N. of Agni, [ŚBr.] bhava : of a deity attending on Rudra and frequently connected with Śarva (later N. of Śiva or a form of Śiva; or N. of a Rudra, and as such of the number 11 or of the 11th lunar mansion, [Gol.]; [Var.], Sch.; du. bhavau = Bhava i.e. Śiva and his wife Bhavānī, [BhP.]; cf. [Vām. v, 2, 1]), [AV.] &c. &c. bhava : of the 1st and 4th Kalpa, [Cat.] bhava : of a Sādhya, [VP.] bhava : of a king, [MBh.] bhava : of a son of Pratihartṛ, [VP.] bhava : of Viloman, [ib.] bhava : of a rich man, [Buddh.] bhava : of an author, [Cat.] bhava : bhavá n. the fruit of Dillenia Speciosa, [L.] bhava : = bhavya, bhaviṣya, bhāvana, [L.] bhava : &c. See p. 748 &c. 🔎 bháva + | √bhū- bhū : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. i, 1]) bhávati (rarely Ā. °te; pf. babhū́va, 2. pers. °ū́tha or °ūvitha cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 64]; babhūyās, °yā́r, babhūtu, [RV.]; Ā. babhūve or bubhūve, [Vop.]; cf. below; aor. ábhūt, °ūvan; Impv. bodhí [cf. √ budh], bhūtu, [RV.]; aor. or impf. ábhuvat, bhúvat, bhuvāni, [ib.]; Prec. bhūyāsam, 2. 3. sg. °yās, [ib.] ; bhūyāt, [AV.]; bhūyiṣṭhās, [BhP.]; bhaviṣāt [?] [AitBr.]; abhaviṣṭa, bhaviṣīṣta. Gr.; fut. bhaviṣyáti, ep. also °te and 2. pl. °ṣyadhvam; bhavitā, [Br.] &c.; inf. bhuvé, -bhvé, bhūṣáṇi, [RV.]; bhavitum, °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. bhūtvā́; bhūtvī́, [RV.]; -bhū́ya, [RV.] &c.; -bhū́yam, -bhávam, [Br.]), to become, be (with nom., or adv. or indeclinable words ending in ī or ū cf. kṛṣṇī-√ bhū &c.), arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur, [RV.] &c. &c. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms; with a fut. p. = to be going or about to, e.g. anuvakṣyan bhavati, he is going to recite, [ŚBr.]; the fut. of √ with a pf. p. = a fut. pf., e.g. kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi, you will have done, [MBh.]; the pf. P. babhūva after the syllable ām is put for the pf. of verbs of the 10th class &c. [cf. √ as and √ kṛ]; the Ā. appears in this meaning, [Śiś. ix, 84]; [Kum. xiv, 46]; observe also bhavati with a fut. tense, it is possible that, e.g. bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati, it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed, [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 146], Sch.; bhavet, may be, granted, admitted, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 114]; bhavatu id., well, good, enough of this, [Kāv.]; [Hit.]; iticed bhavet, if this question should be asked, [Mn. x, 66]; kva tad bhavati, what is to become of this, it is quite useless, [TBr.]; with na = to cease to exist, perish, die, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; with iha na, not to be born on earth, [MBh.]; with śata-dhā, to fall into a hundred pieces, [MBh.]; with dūrataḥ, to keep aloof, [ŚārṅgP.]; with manasi or cetasi and gen., to occur to the mind of any one, [Kād.]; id. with gen. alone, [Lalit.]); to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (cf. ‘esse alicujus’; with gen., rarely dat. or loc. accord. to [Vop.] also with pari or prati and preceding acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to be on the side of, assist (with gen. or -tas), [MBh. 1301] (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 48], Sch.); to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dat. of thing), [RV.] &c. &c. (with phalāya. to bear fruit, [Kām.]); to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with loc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.]; to thrive or prosper in (instr.), turn out well, succeed, [RV.]; [TS.]; [Br.]; to be of consequence or useful, [Mn. iii, 181]; (also Ā. [Dhātup. xxxiv, 37]) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain, [Br.]; [MBh.]; (with idám) to obtain it i.e. be successful or fortunate, [TS.] : Pass. bhūyate (or °ti, [Up.]; aor. abhāvi) sometimes used impers., e.g. yair bhaviṣyate, by whom it will be existed i.e. who will be, [Rājat.] : Caus. bhāvayati (rarely °te; aor. abībhavat Gr.; inf. bhāvitum, [R.]; Pass. bhāvyate &c., [MBh.]), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create, [Pur.]; [Sāh.]; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further, [AitUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (acc.), [MBh.]; [HYog.]; to subdue, control, [R.]; (also Ā. [Dhātup. xxxiv, 37]) to obtain, [Jaim.], Sch.; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray, [MBh.]; [Kām.]; [Daś.]; to purify, [BhP.]; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume, [Kauś.]; [Suśr.] (cf. bhāvita, p. 755, col. 1) : Desid. of Caus. bibhāvayiṣati ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 80], Sch.), to wish to cause to be &c., [Br.] : Desid. búbhūṣati (°te), to wish or strive to become or be, [RV.] &c. &c.; (with kṣipram), to strive to be quickly possessed, [MBh.]; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed, [TS.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; to want to take revenge, [BhP.] : Intens. bóbhavīti, bobhavati, bobhoti, bobhūyate, to be frequently, to be in the habit of [BhP.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to be transformed into (acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; (with tiraḥ), to keep anything (instr.) secret, [ŚBr.] bhū : [cf. Zd. bū; Gk. ϕύω, ἔϕυν; Lat. fuit, fuat &c.; Slav. byti; Lith. búti; Germ. bim, bin; Angl.Sax. beó; Eng. be.] bhū : bhū́ mfn. becoming, being, existing, springing, arising (ifc.; cf. akṣi-, giri-, citta-, padmabhū &c.) bhū : bhū́ m. N. of Viṣṇu, [MBh. xii, 1509] ([Nīlak.]) bhū : of an Ekāha, [ŚrS.] bhū : bhū́ f. the act of becoming or arising, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 31] bhū : the place of being, space, world or universe (also pl.), [RV.]; [AV.] bhū : the earth (as constituting one of the 3 worlds, and therefore a symbolical N. for the number ‘one’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. bhū : one of the three Vyāhṛtis (see bhúvas, bhūr, pp. 760 and 763) bhū : earth (as a substance), ground, soil, land, landed property, [ib.] bhū : floor, pavement, [Megh.] bhū : a place, spot, piece of ground, [RV.] &c. &c. bhū : the base of any geometrical figure, [Āryabh.] bhū : object, matter (see vivādasaṃvāda-bhū) bhū : a term for the letter l, [RāmatUp.] bhū : a sacrificial fire, [L.] bhū : (also) a partic. land-measure, [Inscr.] 🔎 √bhū- | rootSGPRSACT2IMP |
| 3.18.1 | naḥ | ahám aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c. aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.] aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az]. 🔎 ahám | pronounPLDAT |
| 3.18.1 | agne | agní- agni : agní m. (√ ag, [Uṇ.]) fire, sacrificial fire (of three kinds, Gārhapatya, Āhavanīya, and Dakṣiṇa) agni : the number three, [Sūryas.] agni : the god of fire, the fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluid agni : bile, [L.] agni : gold, [L.] agni : N. of various plants Semecarpus Anacardium, [Suśr.], Plumbago Zeylanica and Rosea, Citrus Acida agni : mystical substitute for the letter r agni : in the Kātantra grammar N. of noun-stems ending in i and u agni : (also) = next, [ĀpŚr.] agni : [cf. Lat. ignì-s; Lith. ugni-s; Slav. ognj]. 🔎 agní- | nominal stemSGMVOC |
| 3.18.1 | sumánāḥ | sumánas- sumanas : su—mánas mfn. good-minded, well-disposed, benevolent, gracious, favourable, pleasant, agreeable, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Gobh.]; [KaṭhUp.] sumanas : well pleased, satisfied, cheerful, easy, comfortable, [RV.] &c. &c. sumanas : wise, intelligent, [Kāv.]; [Kathās.] sumanas : su—mánas m. a god, [Śiś.]; [ŚārṅgP.] (cf. -manokasa below) sumanas : a good or wise man, [L.] sumanas : N. of various plants (accord. to [L.] ‘wheat, a kind of Karañja, Azadirachta Indica, Guilandina Bonduc’), [Suśr.] sumanas : N. of a Dānava, [Hariv.] sumanas : of a son of Uru and Āgneyī, [ib.] sumanas : of a son of Ulmuka, [BhP.] sumanas : of a son of Hary-aśva, [VP.] sumanas : of various other men, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Kathās.] sumanas : (pl.) N. of a partic. class of gods under the 12th Manu, [Pur.] sumanas : su—mánas f. (pl. or in comp.) flowers, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. sumanas : great-flowering jasmine, [L.] sumanas : N. of the wife of Madhu and mother of Vīra-vrata, [BhP.] sumanas : of various other women, [Kathās.] sumanas : su—mánas n. a flower, [Śatr.] 🔎 sumánas- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 3.18.1 | úpetau | úpeti- | nominal stemSGFLOC |
| 3.18.1 | sákhā | sákhi- sakhi : sákhi m. (strong cases nom. sákhā pl. sákhāyaḥ; acc. sg. sákhāyam; gen. abl. sákhyus; other cases regularly from ) a friend, assistant, companion, [RV.] &c. &c. sakhi : the husband of the wife's sister, brother-in-law, [Gal.] sakhi : [cf. Lat. socius.] 🔎 sákhi- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 3.18.1 | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | invariable |
| 3.18.1 | sákhye | sákhi- sakhi : sákhi m. (strong cases nom. sákhā pl. sákhāyaḥ; acc. sg. sákhāyam; gen. abl. sákhyus; other cases regularly from ) a friend, assistant, companion, [RV.] &c. &c. sakhi : the husband of the wife's sister, brother-in-law, [Gal.] sakhi : [cf. Lat. socius.] 🔎 sákhi- | nominal stemSGMDAT |
| 3.18.1 | pitárā | pitár- | nominal stemDUMNOM |
| 3.18.1 | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | invariable |
| 3.18.1 | sādhúḥ | sādhú- sādhu : sādhú mf(vI/)n. straight, right, [RV.]; [AV.]; [BhP.] sādhu : leading straight to a goal, hitting the mark, unerring (as an arrow or thunderbolt), [RV.]; [ŚBr.] sādhu : straightened, not entangled (as threads), [Kauś.] sādhu : well-disposed, kind, willing, obedient, [RV.]; [R.] sādhu : successful, effective, efficient (as a hymn or prayer), [RV.]; [Kām.] sādhu : ready, prepared (as Soma), [RV.]; [AitBr.] sādhu : peaceful, secure, [RV.] sādhu : powerful, excellent, good for (loc.) or towards (loc. gen., dat. acc., with prati, anu, abhi, pari, or comp.), [ŚBr.] &c. &c. sādhu : fit, proper, right, [VarBṛS.] sādhu : good, virtuous, honourable, righteous, [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. sādhu : well-born, noble, of honourable or respectable descent, [W.] sādhu : correct, pure sādhu : classical (as language), [ib.] sādhu : sādhú m. a good or virtuous or honest man, [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. sādhu : a holy man, saint, sage, seer, [Kālid.] sādhu : (with Jainas) a Jina or deified saint, [W.] sādhu : a jeweller, [Hit.] sādhu : a merchant, money-lender, usurer, [L.] sādhu : (in gram. accord. to some) a derivative or inflected noun sādhu : sādhú n. the good or right or honest, a good &c. thing or act (sādhv asti with dat., ‘it is well with —’; sādhu-√ man with acc., ‘to consider a thing good, approve’), [RV.] &c. &c. sādhu : gentleness, kindness, benevolence, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c. sādhu : sādhú (ú), ind. straight, aright, regularly, [RV.]; [AV.] sādhu : well, rightly, skilfully, properly, agreeably (with √ vṛt and loc., ‘to behave well towards’ [once sā́dhu, in [RV. viii, 32, 10]]; with √ kṛ, ‘to set right’; with √ ās, ‘to be well or at ease’), [RV.] &c. &c. sādhu : good! well done! bravo! [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c. sādhu : well, greatly, in a high degree, [R.]; [Kām.]; [BhP.] sādhu : well, enough of, away with (instr.) ! [MBh.]; [Pañcat.] sādhu : well come on! (with Impv. or 1. pr.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. sādhu : assuredly, indeed, [R.]; [Kām.] sādhu : &c. See p. 1201, col. 2. 🔎 sādhú- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 3.18.1 | purudrúhaḥ | purudrúh- | nominal stemPLFNOM |
| 3.18.1 | hí hi : (cf. √ hay) cl. 5. P. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 11]) hinóti (Ved. also hinuté, hínvati and hinváti, °te; p. hinvāná [with act. and pass. sense] [RV.]; háyat, [RV.]; [TS.]; 1. sg. hiṣe, [RV.]; pf. jighāya, jighyuḥ, [Br.] &c.; jighye [with pass. sense] [Bhaṭṭ.]; aor. áhema, ahyan, heta p. hiyāná [with pass. sense] [RV.]; ahyam [?], áhait, [AV.]; ahaiṣīt, [Br.]; aheṣata, [RV.]; fut. hetā Gr.; heṣyati, [MBh.] &c.; inf. -hyé, [RV.]), to send forth, set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (Ā. also intrans.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to stimulate or incite to (dat.), [RV.]; to assist or help to (dat.), [ib.]; to discharge, hurl, cast, shoot, [RV.]; to convey, bring, procure, [ib.]; [ŚBr.]; to forsake, abandon, get rid of [Bhaṭṭ.]; (hinvati) to gladden, delight, [Dhātup. xv, 82] : Pass. hīyate (aor. ahāyi) Gr.: Caus. hāyayati (aor. ajīhayat), [ib.] : Desid. of Caus. jihāpayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. jighīṣati, [ib.] : Intens. jeghīyate, jeghayīti, jegheti, [ib.] hi : hí ind. (used as a particle [cf. ha and gha] and usually denoting) for, because, on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns; e.g. sárvo hí pṛ́tanā jigīṣati, ‘for everybody wishes to win battles’; bhavān hi pramāṇam, ‘for your honour is the authority’; tathā hi, ‘for example’, ‘accordingly’; ná hí or nahí, ‘for not’, ‘not at all’), [RV.] &c. &c. hi : just, pray, do (with an Impv. or Pot. emphatically; sometimes with Indic., e.g. paśyāmo hi, ‘we will just see’), [ib.] hi : indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly (hí vaí, ‘most assuredly’; hi-tu or hi-punar, ‘indeed-but’; often a mere expletive, esp. to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; is also said to be an interjection of ‘envy’, ‘contempt’, ‘hurry’ &c.), [ib.] 🔎 hí | hí hi : (cf. √ hay) cl. 5. P. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 11]) hinóti (Ved. also hinuté, hínvati and hinváti, °te; p. hinvāná [with act. and pass. sense] [RV.]; háyat, [RV.]; [TS.]; 1. sg. hiṣe, [RV.]; pf. jighāya, jighyuḥ, [Br.] &c.; jighye [with pass. sense] [Bhaṭṭ.]; aor. áhema, ahyan, heta p. hiyāná [with pass. sense] [RV.]; ahyam [?], áhait, [AV.]; ahaiṣīt, [Br.]; aheṣata, [RV.]; fut. hetā Gr.; heṣyati, [MBh.] &c.; inf. -hyé, [RV.]), to send forth, set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (Ā. also intrans.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to stimulate or incite to (dat.), [RV.]; to assist or help to (dat.), [ib.]; to discharge, hurl, cast, shoot, [RV.]; to convey, bring, procure, [ib.]; [ŚBr.]; to forsake, abandon, get rid of [Bhaṭṭ.]; (hinvati) to gladden, delight, [Dhātup. xv, 82] : Pass. hīyate (aor. ahāyi) Gr.: Caus. hāyayati (aor. ajīhayat), [ib.] : Desid. of Caus. jihāpayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. jighīṣati, [ib.] : Intens. jeghīyate, jeghayīti, jegheti, [ib.] hi : hí ind. (used as a particle [cf. ha and gha] and usually denoting) for, because, on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns; e.g. sárvo hí pṛ́tanā jigīṣati, ‘for everybody wishes to win battles’; bhavān hi pramāṇam, ‘for your honour is the authority’; tathā hi, ‘for example’, ‘accordingly’; ná hí or nahí, ‘for not’, ‘not at all’), [RV.] &c. &c. hi : just, pray, do (with an Impv. or Pot. emphatically; sometimes with Indic., e.g. paśyāmo hi, ‘we will just see’), [ib.] hi : indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly (hí vaí, ‘most assuredly’; hi-tu or hi-punar, ‘indeed-but’; often a mere expletive, esp. to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; is also said to be an interjection of ‘envy’, ‘contempt’, ‘hurry’ &c.), [ib.] 🔎 hí | invariable |
| 3.18.1 | kṣitáyaḥ | kṣití- kṣiti : f. dominion (Comm.), [MBh. xiii, 76, 10.] kṣiti : kṣití is, f. an abode, dwelling, habitation, house (cf. also uru- and su-kṣití, dhruvá.), [RV.] kṣiti : ([Naigh. i, 1]) the earth, soil of the earth, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. kṣiti : the number ‘one’, [Bījag.] kṣiti : (áyas), settlements, colonies, races of men, nations (of which five are named; cf. kṛṣṭí), [RV.] kṣiti : (said of the families of the gods), [iii, 20, 4] kṣiti : estates, [Rājat. v, 109] (cf. uru- and su-kṣití, dhārayát-, dhruvá-, bhava-, raṇa-, samara-.) kṣiti : kṣíti f. wane, perishing, ruin, destruction, [AV.] kṣiti : the period of the destruction of the universe, end of the world, [L.] (cf. á-, ásura-.) kṣiti : 1. 2. kṣití, 3. kṣíti, see √ 1. 2. & 4. kṣi. kṣiti : m. N. of a man, [Pravar.] kṣiti : f. a sort of yellow pigment, [L.] kṣiti : a sort of base metal kṣiti : = kṣiti-kṣama (s.v. 2. kṣití), [Gal.] 🔎 kṣití- | nominal stemPLFNOM |
| 3.18.1 | jánānām | jána- jana : jána mf(I)n. ‘generating’, see puraṃ- jana : jána m. (g. vṛṣādi) creature, living being, man, person, race (páñca jánās, ‘the five races’ = p° kṛṣṭáyas, [RV. iii], [viii ff.]; [MBh. iii, 14160]), people, subjects (the sg. used collectively, e.g. daívya or divyā́ j°, ‘divine race’, the gods collectively, [RV.]; mahat j°, many people, [R. vi, 101, 2]; often ifc. denoting one person or a number of persons collectively, e.g. preṣya-, bandhu-, sakhī- &c., qq.vv. ; with names of peoples, [VarBṛS. iv, 22] and [v, 74]; ayaṃ janaḥ, ‘this person, these persons’, I, we, [MBh. viii, 709]; [Hariv. 7110]; [R. ii, 41, 2]; [Śak.] &c.; eṣa j°, id., [Kāvyād. ii, 75]), [RV.] &c. jana : the person nearest to the speaker (also with ayam or asau, ‘this my lover’, [Kāvyād. ii, 271]; [Ratnāv. i, 24/25]), [Nal. x, 10]; [Śak.]; [Mālav.] jana : a common person, one of the people, [Kir. ii, 42] and [47] jana : the world beyond the Mahar-loka, [BhP. iii, 11, 29]; [SkandaP.] jana : janá (°ná), m. (g. aśvādi) N. of a man (with the patr. Śārkarākṣya), [ŚBr. x]; [ChUp.] 🔎 jána- | nominal stemPLMGEN |
| 3.18.1 | práti prati : práti ind. (as a prefix to roots and their derivative nouns and other nouns, sometimes pratī; for 2. See p. 664) towards, near to prati : against, in opposition to prati : back, again, in return prati : down upon, upon, on prati : before nouns it expresses also likeness or comparison (cf. prati-candra) prati : or it forms Avyayībhāvas of different kinds (cf. prati-kṣaṇam, prati-graham, praty-agni &c.; rarely ifc., e.g. sūpaprati, a little broth, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 9]) prati : or as a prep. with usually preceding acc., in the sense of towards, against, to, upon, in the direction of (e.g. śabdam p°, in the direction of the sound, [R.]; agnim pr°, against the fire, [Mn.]; also °ty-agni ind., [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 33], Sch.; ripum pr°, against the enemy, [Mn.]; ātmānam pr°, to one's self, [Ratnāv.]) prati : opposite, before, in the presence of (e.g. rodasī pr°, before heaven and earth, [RV.]) prati : in comparison, on a par with, in proportion to (e.g. indram pr°, in comparison with I°, [RV.]; sahasrāṇi pr°, on a par with i.e. equivalent to thousands, [ib.]; also with abl. or -tas; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 92]; [ii, 3, 11]) prati : in the vicinity of, near, beside, at, on (e.g. yūpam pr°, near the sacrificial post, [AitBr.]; gaṅgām pr°, at or on the Ganges, [R.]; etat pr°, at this point, [TS.]; āyodhanam pr°, on the field of battle, [MBh.]) prati : at the time of, about, through, for (e.g. phālgunam pr°, about the month Ph°, [Mn.]; ciram pr°, for a long time, [MBh.]; bhṛśam pr°, often, repeatedly, [Car.]) prati : or used distributively (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]) to express at every, in or on every, severally (e.g. yajñam pr°, at every sacrifice, [Yājñ.]; yajñaṃ yajñam pr°, [TS.]; varṣam pr°, every year, annually, [Pañcat.]; in this sense often comp.; cf. above) prati : in favour of, for ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]; e.g. pāṇḍavān pr°, in favour of the P°s, [MBh.]) prati : on account of, with regard to, concerning ([Pāṇ.]; [ib.], e.g. sīmām pr°, concerning a boundary, [Mn.]; gautamam pr°, with regard to G°, [R.]) prati : conformably or according to (e.g. mām pr°, according to me, i.e. in my opinion, [Mālav.]; cf. mām praty araṇyavat pratibhāti, ‘it seems to me like a forest’, [Hit.]; na bubhukṣitam prati bhāti kiṃ cit, ‘to a hungry man nothing is of any account’, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 2]) prati : as, for (after a verb meaning, ‘to regard or consider’; cf. [Vikr. iv, 69]) prati : or as prep. with abl. in return or as compensation for, instead or in the place of ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 92], Sch.) prati : with abl. or -tas See above prati : with abl. or gen. (?) to express, ‘about’, ‘at the time of’ (only prati vastoḥ, ‘at daybreak’, [RV.]) prati : as prep. with gen. = with reference to, [Hariv. 10967]. prati : [cf. Zd. paiti; Gk. προτί, ποτί, πρός.] prati : in comp. with nouns not immediately connected with roots. prati : m. N. of a son of Kuśa, [BhP.] 🔎 práti | práti prati : práti ind. (as a prefix to roots and their derivative nouns and other nouns, sometimes pratī; for 2. See p. 664) towards, near to prati : against, in opposition to prati : back, again, in return prati : down upon, upon, on prati : before nouns it expresses also likeness or comparison (cf. prati-candra) prati : or it forms Avyayībhāvas of different kinds (cf. prati-kṣaṇam, prati-graham, praty-agni &c.; rarely ifc., e.g. sūpaprati, a little broth, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 9]) prati : or as a prep. with usually preceding acc., in the sense of towards, against, to, upon, in the direction of (e.g. śabdam p°, in the direction of the sound, [R.]; agnim pr°, against the fire, [Mn.]; also °ty-agni ind., [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 33], Sch.; ripum pr°, against the enemy, [Mn.]; ātmānam pr°, to one's self, [Ratnāv.]) prati : opposite, before, in the presence of (e.g. rodasī pr°, before heaven and earth, [RV.]) prati : in comparison, on a par with, in proportion to (e.g. indram pr°, in comparison with I°, [RV.]; sahasrāṇi pr°, on a par with i.e. equivalent to thousands, [ib.]; also with abl. or -tas; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 92]; [ii, 3, 11]) prati : in the vicinity of, near, beside, at, on (e.g. yūpam pr°, near the sacrificial post, [AitBr.]; gaṅgām pr°, at or on the Ganges, [R.]; etat pr°, at this point, [TS.]; āyodhanam pr°, on the field of battle, [MBh.]) prati : at the time of, about, through, for (e.g. phālgunam pr°, about the month Ph°, [Mn.]; ciram pr°, for a long time, [MBh.]; bhṛśam pr°, often, repeatedly, [Car.]) prati : or used distributively (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]) to express at every, in or on every, severally (e.g. yajñam pr°, at every sacrifice, [Yājñ.]; yajñaṃ yajñam pr°, [TS.]; varṣam pr°, every year, annually, [Pañcat.]; in this sense often comp.; cf. above) prati : in favour of, for ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]; e.g. pāṇḍavān pr°, in favour of the P°s, [MBh.]) prati : on account of, with regard to, concerning ([Pāṇ.]; [ib.], e.g. sīmām pr°, concerning a boundary, [Mn.]; gautamam pr°, with regard to G°, [R.]) prati : conformably or according to (e.g. mām pr°, according to me, i.e. in my opinion, [Mālav.]; cf. mām praty araṇyavat pratibhāti, ‘it seems to me like a forest’, [Hit.]; na bubhukṣitam prati bhāti kiṃ cit, ‘to a hungry man nothing is of any account’, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 2]) prati : as, for (after a verb meaning, ‘to regard or consider’; cf. [Vikr. iv, 69]) prati : or as prep. with abl. in return or as compensation for, instead or in the place of ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 92], Sch.) prati : with abl. or -tas See above prati : with abl. or gen. (?) to express, ‘about’, ‘at the time of’ (only prati vastoḥ, ‘at daybreak’, [RV.]) prati : as prep. with gen. = with reference to, [Hariv. 10967]. prati : [cf. Zd. paiti; Gk. προτί, ποτί, πρός.] prati : in comp. with nouns not immediately connected with roots. prati : m. N. of a son of Kuśa, [BhP.] 🔎 práti | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 3.18.1 | pratīcī́ḥ | pratyáñc- pratyañc : praty—áñc See p. 674. pratyañc : praty-áñc mfn. (nom. pratyáṅ; pratī́cī, pratīcī́ [and pratyañcī, [Vop.]] ; pratyák) turned towards, facing (acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] pratyañc : coming (opp. to arvāñc, ‘going’), [RV.] pratyañc : being or coming from behind, turning the back, averted, moving in an opposite direction, [ib.]; [Br.]; [KātyŚr.] pratyañc : westward, western, occidental, to the west of (abl.), [VS.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [Mn.] &c. pratyañc : turned back or inward, inner, interior, [Prab.]; [BhP.]; [Vedāntas.] pratyañc : equal to, a match for (acc.), [AV.] pratyañc : past, gone, [L.] pratyañc : praty-áñc m. the individual soul, [Prab. vi, 4/5] 🔎 pratyáñc- | nominal stemPLFACC |
| 3.18.1 | dahatāt | √dah- dah : cl. 1. P. dahati (ep. also Ā.; p. dáhat; impf. ádahat; aor. adhāk, [RV. ii, 15, 4]; 1.sg. °kṣam, [MBh. vii]; 3. pl. °kṣur, [Kathās.]; Subj. dhāk, [RV. i, 158, 4]; 2. sg. dhakṣi, [iv, 4, 4]; p. dhákṣat [also nom. m.], [vi, 3, 4]; [x, 91, 7] dákṣat, [i, 130, 8]; fut. dhakṣyati [[Pāṇ. vii, 2, 10]; [Siddh.]; [Kār. 6]] [MBh.] [Pot. dhakṣyet, [i, 8383]] &c.; dahiṣy°, [i, 2120]; [BhP. iv]; [Prasaṅg. xix, 7]; inf. dagdhum) to burn, consume by fire, scorch, roast, [RV.] &c.; to cauterise, [Suśr.]; to consume, destroy completely, [Mn. vii, 9]; [MBh.] &c.; to torment, torture, pain, distress, disturb, grieve, [MBh.] &c.: Pass. dahyate (°ti, [MānGṛ. ii, 15]; [MBh. i f.], [xii f.]); to be burnt, burn, be in flames, [AV.]; [Nir.] &c.; to be consumed by fire or destroyed, [Mn. vi, 71]; to be inflamed (a wound), [Suśr. i, 28]; to be consumed by internal heat or grief, suffer pain, be distressed or vexed, [MBh.] &c.; Caus. dāhayati to burn or be burned, [Mn.]; [Yājñ. i, 89]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to be cooked, [Hariv. 15523] (aor. pl. adīdahan) : Desid. didhakṣati (cf. °kṣā, °kṣu) to be about to burn or consume or destroy, [MBh. i]-[iv]; [R.] (p. °kṣamāṇa) : Desid. Caus. (p. °kṣayat) to cause any one to make efforts to burn, [Bhaṭṭ. iii, 33] : Intens. dandahīti, °hyate ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 24]; [vii, 4, 86]) to burn or destroy completely, [Hariv. 8726]; [BhP. vi, 8, 21] (Impv. °dagdhi), [Śiś.]; [Prasannar. vi, 32] and [48]; Ā. to be burnt completely, [Hariv. 7040]; [BhP.]; [Pañcat. i, 8, 23/24] dah : [cf. Lith. degù, ‘I am hot’; Goth. dag-s; Old Germ. tāh-t, ‘a wick’] dah : mfn. ‘burning’, see uśá-. 🔎 √dah- | rootSGPRSACT2IMP |
| 3.18.1 | árātīḥ | árāti- arāti : á-rāti f. ‘non liberality’, enviousness, malignity, [RV.] arāti : failure, adversity, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [TBr.] arāti : particular evil spirits (who frustrate the good intentions and disturb the happiness of man), [ib.] arāti : á-rāti (is), m. an enemy, [Ragh. xii, 89] arāti : (in arithm.) the number six (there being six sins or internal enemies, cf. ṣaḍ-varga). 🔎 árāti- | nominal stemPLFACC |