2.12.15
यः सु॑न्व॒ते पच॑ते दु॒ध्र आ चि॒द्वाजं॒ दर्द॑र्षि॒ स किला॑सि स॒त्यः
व॒यं त॑ इन्द्र वि॒श्वह॑ प्रि॒यासः॑ सु॒वीरा॑सो वि॒दथ॒मा व॑देम
2.12.15
yáḥ sunvaté pácate dudhrá ā́ cid
vā́jaṃ dárdarṣi sá kílāsi satyáḥ
vayáṃ ta indra viśváha priyā́saḥ
suvī́rāso vidátham ā́ vadema
2.12.15
yaḥfrom yá-
from √su-
from √pac-
from ā́
from cid
from vā́ja-
from √dr̥- ~ dr̥̄-
from sá- ~ tá-
from kíla
from √as- 1
from satyá-
from índra-
from viśváha
from priyá-
from suvī́ra-
from vidátha-
from ā́
from √vadⁱ-
2.12.15
Thou verily art fierce and true who sendest strength to the man who brews and pours libation. So may we evermore, thy friends, O Indra, speak loudly to the synod with our heroes.
| Source index | Surface | Lemma | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.12.15 | yáḥ | yá- ya : the 1st semivowel (corresponding to the vowels i and ī, and having the sound of the English y, in Bengal usually pronounced j). ya : m. (in prosody) a bacchic (˘ ¯ ¯), [Piṅg.] ya : the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension [cf. yád and Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ]. ya : m. (in some senses fr. √ 1. yā, only, [L.]) a goer or mover ya : wind ya : joining ya : restraining ya : fame ya : a carriage (?) ya : barley ya : light ya : abandoning 🔎 yá- | pronounSGMNOM |
| 2.12.15 | sunvaté | √su- su : cl. 1. P. Ā. savati, °te, to go, move, [Dhātup. xxii, 42] ([Vop.] sru). su : (= √ 1. sū) cl. 1. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 43] and [xxiv, 32]; savati, sauti, only in 3. sg. pr. sauti and 2. sg. Impv. suhi) to urge, impel, incite, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to possess supremacy, [Dhātup.] su : cl. 5. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 1]) sunóti, sunute (in [RV.] 3. pl. sunvánti, sunviré [with pass. sense] and suṣvati; p. sunvát or sunvāná [the latter with act. and pass. sense] [ib.]; pf. suṣāva, suṣuma &c., [ib.]; [MBh.]; p. in Veda suṣuvás and suṣvāṇá [the later generally with pass. sense; accord. to [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 106], also suṣuvāṇa with act. sense]; aor. accord. to Gr. asāvīt or asauṣīt, asoṣṭa or asaviṣṭa; in [RV.] also Impv. sótu, sutám, and p. [mostly pass.] suvāná [but the spoken form is svāná and so written in [SV.], suv° in [RV.]]; and 3. pl. asuṣavuḥ, [AitBr.]; fut. sotā, [ib.]; soṣyati, [KātyŚr.]; saviṣyati, [ŚBr.]; inf. sótave, sótos, [RV.] : [Br.]; sotum Gr.; ind.p. -sútya, [Br.]; -sūya, [MBh.]), to press out, extract (esp. the juice from the Soma plant for libations), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Up.]; [MBh.]; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits &c.) Sch. on [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 132] : Pass. sūyáte (in [RV.] also Ā. 3. sg. sunve and 3. pl. sunviré with pass. sense; aor. ásāvi, [ib.]) : Caus. -sāvayati or -ṣāvayati (see abhi-ṣu and pra-√ su; aor. asūṣavat, accord. to some asīṣavat) Gr.: Desid. of Caus. suṣāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. susūṣati, °te, [ib.] : Intens. soṣūyate, soṣavīti, soṣoti, [ib.] su : (= √ 2. sū), (only in 3. sg. sauti See pra-√ sū) to beget, bring forth. su : sú ind. (opp. to dus and corresponding in sense to Gk. εὖ; perhaps connected with 1. vásu, and, accord. to some, with pron. base sa, as ku with ka; in Veda also sū́ and liable to become ṣu or ṣū and to lengthen a preceding vowel, while a following na may become ṇa; it may be used as an adj. or adv.), good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much, greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; esp. with u, = ‘forthwith, immediately’; with mo i.e. mā u, = ‘never, by no means’ ; sú kam often emphatically with an Impv., e.g. tíṣṭhā sú kam maghavan mā́ parā gāḥ, ‘do tarry O Maghavan, go not past’, [RV. iii, 53, 2]; always qualifies the meaning of a verb and is never used independently at the beginning of a verse; in later language it is rarely a separate word, but is mostly prefixed to substantives, adjectives, adverbs and participles, exceptionally also to an ind.p., e.g. su-baddhvā, ‘having well bound’, [Mṛcch. x, 50]; or even to a finite verb, e.g. su-nirvavau, [Śiś. vi, 58]), [RV.] &c.; su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following, in which the initial ṣ stands for an orig. s) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) 🔎 √su- | rootSGMDATPRSACTnon-finite:PTCP |
| 2.12.15 | pácate | √pac- pac : or pañc cl. 1. P. Ā. pacati, °te, or pañcati, °te, to spread out, make clear or evident, [Dhātup. vi, 14] : Caus. -pañcayati, [xxxii, 108] See pra-pañcaya. pac : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiii, 27]) pácati, °te (cl. 4. Ā. pácyate cf. below; p. pacāna, [MBh. iii, 13239] [cf. kim-pacāna]; pf. papāca [2. sg. papaktha or pecitha, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 121], Sch.], pecur; pece, pecire [ápeciran, [AV.]; peciran, [Pat.] on [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 120]]; aor. pákṣat, [RV.]; apākṣīt, apakta Gr.; Prec. pacyāt, [ib.]; fut. pakṣyati, °te or paktā, [Br.]; ind.p. paktvā́, [AV.]; [MBh.]; inf. páktave, [AV.]; [Br.]; paktum, [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 30], Sch.), to cook, bake, roast, boil (Ā. also ‘for one's self’), [RV.] &c. &c.; (with double acc.) to cook anything out of (e.g. tandulān odanam pacati, ‘he cooks porridge out of rice-grains’), [Siddh.]; to bake or burn (bricks), [ŚBr.]; to digest, [Suśr.]; to ripen, mature, bring to perfection or completion, [RV.] &c. &c.; (with double acc.) to develop or change into (e.g. puṇyāpuṇyaṃ sukhāsukham, ‘merit and demerit into weal or woe’), [Vop.]; (intrans.) to become ripe or mature, [Bhpr.] : Pass. pacyáte (°ti, [MBh.]; aor. apāci Gr.), to be cooked or burnt or melted or digested or ripened or developed, [RV.] &c. &c.; to be tormented, [Divyāv.]; also intrans. = pácyate (cf. above), to become ripe or mature, to develop or ripen, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.] (with acc. of the fruit that is borne or ripens, [Maitr.]; [Kāṭh.]; cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 87], Vārtt. 14, [Pat.]; lokáḥ pácyamānaḥ, ‘the developing world’, [ŚBr.]) : Caus. pācayati, °te, [Br.] (aor. apīpacat Gr.; Pass. pācyate, p. °cyamāna, [MBh.]); to cause to cook or be cooked (Ā. ‘for one's self’), to have cooked or to cook, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c. (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 74]; [4, 52], Sch.); to cause to ripen, [TBr.]; to bring to completion or to an end, cure, heal, [Suśr.] : Desid. pipakṣati Gr.: Intens. pāpacīti Gr.; pāpacyate, to be much cooked, to cook very much or burn excessively, to be much afflicted, [BhP.]; [Suśr.] : Desid. of Intens. pāpaciṣati, °te Gr. pac : [cf. Gk. πέσσω for πεκ-ϳω; Lat. coquo; Slav. peką, pešti.] pac : mfn. (ifc.; nom. -pak, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 15], Sch.) cooking, baking. pac : in comp. for 3. pad. 🔎 √pac- | rootSGMDATPRSACTnon-finite:PTCP |
| 2.12.15 | dudhráḥ | dudhrá- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 2.12.15 | ā́ ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far. ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.] ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]] ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.] ā : grandfather, [L.] ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.] ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.] ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.] ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.] ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.] ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.] ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.] ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21] ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.] ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.] ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.) ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531] ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it) ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403] ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’ ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12] ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-) ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51] ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’. 🔎 ā́ | ā́ ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far. ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.] ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]] ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.] ā : grandfather, [L.] ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.] ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.] ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.] ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.] ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.] ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.] ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.] ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21] ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.] ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.] ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.) ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531] ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it) ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403] ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’ ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12] ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-) ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51] ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’. 🔎 ā́ | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 2.12.15 | cit cit : cít mfn. ifc. ‘piling up’, see agni-, ūrdhva-, and pūrva-cít cit : ([Pāṇ. iii, 2, 92]) forming a layer or stratum, piled up, [VS. i], [xii]; [TS. i] (cf. kaṅka-, karma-, cakṣuś-, droṇa-, prāṇa-, manaś-, rathacakra-, vāk-, śyena-, and śrotra-cít.) cit : mfn. ifc. ‘knowing’, see ṛta-cít cit : ‘giving heed to’ or ‘revenging [guilt, ṛṇa-]’, see ṛṇa-. cit : mfn. ifc. ‘id.’, see 2. . cit : 2. 3. . See √ 2. 3. ci. cit : cl. 1. cétati (impf. acetat, [RV. vii, 95, 2]; p. cétat, [RV.]) cl. 2. (Ā. Pass. 3. sg. cité, [x, 143, 4]; p. f. instr. citantyā, [i, 129, 7]; Ā. citāna, [ix, 101, 11]; [VS. x, 1]) cl. 3. irreg. ciketati ([RV.]; Subj. ciketat, [RV.]; Impv. 2. sg. cikiddhi, [RV.]; p. cikitāná, [RV.]; perf. cikéta, [RV.] &c.; ciceta, [Vop. viii, 37]; 3. du. cetatur, [AV. iii, 22, 2]; Ā. and Pass. cikité, [RV.] &c.; 3. pl. °tre, [RV.]; for p. cikitvás See s.v.; Ā. Pass. cicite, [Bhaṭṭ. ii, 29]; aor. acetīt, [Vop. viii, 35]; Ā. Pass. áceti and céti, [RV.]; for acait See √ 2. ci; fut. 1st céttā, [i, 22, 5]) to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive, observe, take notice of (acc. or gen.), [RV.]; [SV.]; [AV.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to aim at, intend, design (with dat.), [RV. i, 131, 6]; [x, 38, 3]; to be anxious about, care for (acc. or gen.), [i], [ix f.]; to resolve, [iii, 53, 24]; [x, 55, 6]; to understand, comprehend, know (perf. often in the sense of pr.), [RV.]; [AV. vii, 2, 1] and [5, 5]; P. Ā. to become perceptible, appear, be regarded as, be known, [RV.]; [VS. x], [xv] : Caus. cetáyati, °te (2. pl. cetáyadhvam Subj. cetayat Impv. 2. du. cetayethām impf. ácetayat, [RV.]; 3. pl. citáyante, [RV.]; p. citáyat, [RV.] (eleven times); cetáyat, [x, 110, 8], &c.; Ā. cetayāna See s.v.) to cause to attend, make attentive, remind of [i, 131, 2] and [iv, 51, 3]; to cause to comprehend, instruct, teach, [RV.]; to observe, perceive, be intent upon, [RV.]; [MBh. xii, 9890]; [Kathās. xiii, 10]; Ā. (once P. [MBh. xviii, 74]) to form an idea in the mind, be conscious of, understand, comprehend, think, reflect upon, [TS. vi]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp. vii, 5, 1]; [MBh.]; [BhP. viii, 1, 9]; [Prab.]; P. to have a right notion of, know, [MBh. iii, 14877]; P. ‘to recover consciousness’, awake, [Bhaṭṭ. viii, 123]; Ā. to remember, have consciousness of (acc.), [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 112], [Kāś.]; [Bādar. ii, 3, 18], Sch.; to appear, be conspicuous, shine, [RV.]; [TS. iii] : Desid. cíkitsati (fr. √ kit, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 5]; [Dhātup. xxiii, 24]; exceptionally Ā. [MBh. xii, 12544]; Impv. °tsatu Subj. °tsāt aor. 2. sg. ácikitsīs, [AV.]; Pass. p. cikitsyamāna, [Suśr.]; [Pañcat.]) to have in view, aim at, be desirous, [AV. v, 11, 1]; [ix, 2, 3]; to care for, be anxious about, [vi], [x]; ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 5]; [Siddh.]) to treat medically, cure, [KātyŚr. xxv]; [MBh. i], [xii]; [Suśr.]; [Pañcat.]; [Bhartṛ.]; to wish to appear, [RV. i, 123, 1]: Caus. of Desid. (fut. cikitsayiṣyati) to cure, [Mālav. iv, 4/5, 6 f.] : Intens. cekite (fr. √ 2. ci?, or for °tte, [RV. i, 53, 3] and [119, 3]; [ii, 34, 10]; p. cékitat, [ix, 111, 3]; Ā. cékitāna, [RV.] eight times) to appear, be conspicuous, shine, [RV.] cit : cít mfn. ifc. ‘thinking’, see a-, duś-, manaś-, vipaś-, and huraś-cít cit : cf. also apa-cit cit : cít f. thought, intellect, spirit, soul, [VS. iv, 19]; [KapS.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [BhP.] cit : cf. sa- and ā cít cit : pure Thought (Brahma cf. [RTL. p. 34]), [Vedāntas.]; [Prab.] cit : ind. only in comp. 🔎 cit | cid cid : in comp. for cit. cid : ind. even, indeed, also (often merely laying stress on a preceding word; requiring a preceding simple verb to be accentuated [[Pāṇ. viii, 1, 57]] as well as a verb following, if is preceded by an interrogative pron. [48]; in Class. only used after interrogative pronouns and adverbs to render them indefinite, and after jātu, q.v.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.] cid : like (added to the stem of a subst., e.g. agni-, rāja-), [Nir. i, 4]; [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 101] cid : cid-cid or cid-ca or cid-u, as well as, both-and, [RV.] 🔎 cid | invariable |
| 2.12.15 | vā́jam | vā́ja- vāja : vā́ja m. (fr. √ vaj; cf. ugra, uj, ojas &c.) strength, vigour, energy, spirit, speed (esp. of a horse; also pl.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.] (vā́jebhis ind. mightily, greatly; cf. sahasā) vāja : a contest, race, conflict, battle, war, [RV.]; [VS.]; [GṛŚrS.] vāja : the prize of a race or of battle, booty, gain, reward, any precious or valuable possession, wealth, treasure, [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.]; [PañcavBr.] vāja : food, sacrificial food (= anna in [Nigh. ii, 7] and in most of the Commentators), [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.] vāja : = vāja-peya, [ŚāṅkhŚr.] vāja : (?) a swift or spirited horse, war-horse, steed, [RV.]; [AV.] vāja : the feathers on a arrow, [RV.] vāja : a wing, [L.] vāja : sound, [L.] vāja : N. of one of the 3 Ṛbhus (pl. = the 3 Ṛbhus), [RV.] vāja : of the month Caitra, [VS.] vāja : of a son of Laukya, [ŚāṅkhŚr.] vāja : of a son of Manu Sāvarṇa, [Hariv.] vāja : of a Muni, [L.] vāja : vā́ja n. (only [L.]) ghee or clarified butter vāja : an oblation of rice offered at a Śrāddha vāja : rice or food in general vāja : water vāja : an acetous mixture of ground meal and water left to ferment vāja : a Mantra or prayer concluding a sacrifice. 🔎 vā́ja- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 2.12.15 | dárdarṣi | √dr̥- ~ dr̥̄- dṛ : cl. 6. Ā. driyáte (ep. also °ti), to respect, honour ([Dhātup. xxviii, 118]); occurring only with prep. ā cf. ā-√ dṛ; Desid. didariṣate, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 75.] 🔎 √dr̥- ~ dr̥̄- | rootSGPRSACT2INDsecondary conjugation:INT |
| 2.12.15 | sá sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin). sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯) sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2). sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake sa : air, wind sa : a bird sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva sa : n. knowledge sa : meditation sa : a carriage road sa : a fence. sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá). sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c. sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.] sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’ sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c. sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.] sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2. sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : 🔎 sá | sá- ~ tá- sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin). sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯) sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2). sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake sa : air, wind sa : a bird sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva sa : n. knowledge sa : meditation sa : a carriage road sa : a fence. sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá). sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c. sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.] sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’ sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c. sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.] sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2. sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : 🔎 sá- ~ tá- | pronounSGMNOM |
| 2.12.15 | kíla kila : m. play, trifling, [L.] kila : kíla ind. (a particle of asseveration or emphasis) indeed, verily, assuredly, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. kila : (or of explanation) namely, [ŚBr.] &c. kila : ‘so said’ ‘so reported’, pretendedly, [VarBṛS.]; [Kād.] kila : ( is preceded by the word on which it lays stress, and occurs very rarely at the beginning of a sentence or verse [[R. iv, 14, 14]; [Pañcat. lxxxix, 4]]; according to native lexicographers may be used in communicating intelligence, and may imply ‘probably’, ‘possibly’, ‘agreement’, ‘dislike’, ‘falsehood’, ‘inaccuracy’, and ‘reason’.) kila : m. N. of a man, [Pravar.] 🔎 kíla | kíla kila : m. play, trifling, [L.] kila : kíla ind. (a particle of asseveration or emphasis) indeed, verily, assuredly, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. kila : (or of explanation) namely, [ŚBr.] &c. kila : ‘so said’ ‘so reported’, pretendedly, [VarBṛS.]; [Kād.] kila : ( is preceded by the word on which it lays stress, and occurs very rarely at the beginning of a sentence or verse [[R. iv, 14, 14]; [Pañcat. lxxxix, 4]]; according to native lexicographers may be used in communicating intelligence, and may imply ‘probably’, ‘possibly’, ‘agreement’, ‘dislike’, ‘falsehood’, ‘inaccuracy’, and ‘reason’.) kila : m. N. of a man, [Pravar.] 🔎 kíla | invariable |
| 2.12.15 | asi asi : así m. (√ 2. as), a sword, scimitar, knife (used for killing animals), [RV.]; [AV.] &c. asi : (also) a shark, alligator, [L.] asi : (is), f. N. of a river (near Benares), [VāmP.] (cf. asī); asi : [Lat. ensi-s.] 🔎 asi | √as- 1 as : cl. 2. P. ásti (2. sg. ási, 1. sg. ásmi; pl. smási or smás, sthá, sánti; (rarely Ā., e.g. 1. pl. smahe, [MBh. xiii, 13]); Subj. ásat; Imper. astu, 2. sg. edhi (fr. as-dhi cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 119]); Pot. syā́t; impf. ā́sīt, rarely ās [only in [RV. x]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 97]] ; perf. 1. and 3. sg., ā́sa, 2. sg. ā́sitha, 3. pl. āsúḥ; p. m. sát f. satī́) to be, live, exist, be present; to take place, happen; to abide, dwell, stay; to belong to (gen. or dat.); to fall to the share of, happen to any one (gen.); to be equal to (dat.), [ŚBr. xiv]; [Mn. xi, 85]; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dat.); to become, [BṛĀrUp.] &c., (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 51]-[55]); to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adj., but also with adv. [e.g. tūṣṇīm āsīt, [MBh. iii, 4041]], and often with part., [e.g. perf. Pass. p. prasthitāḥ sma, [N.]; fut. p.p. hantavyo 'smi, [N.]; fut. p. especially with Pot., and only in [ŚBr.], as yádi dāsyán-t-syā́t, ‘if he should intend to give’]; the pf. āsa helps to form the periphrastic perf., and asmi &c. the fut.); as : [cf. Gk. ἐσ-τί; Lat. es-t; Goth. is-t; Lith. es-ti.] as : cl. 4. P. ásyati (p. ásyat; impf. ā́syat, [AV.] [cf. parās and vy-as]; fut. p. asiṣyát; aor. āsthat [[Nir. ii, 2]; [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 17]; cf. vy-as]; perf. P. āsa [cf. parās] Ā. āse [cf. vy-as]; Ved. Inf. ástave, [VS.]) to throw, cast, shoot at (loc. dat., or gen.), [RV.] &c.; to drive or frighten away, [Nalod. iv, 36]; See also 1. astá s.v. as : asati, °te = √ aṣ, q.v. 🔎 √as- 1 | rootSGPRSACT2IND |
| 2.12.15 | satyáḥ | satyá- satya : satyá mf(A)n. true, real, actual, genuine, sincere, honest, truthful, faithful, pure, virtuous, good, successful, effectual, valid (satyaṃ-√ kṛ, ‘to make true, ratify, realise, fulfil’), [RV.] &c. &c. satya : satyá m. the uppermost of the seven Lokas or worlds (the abode of Brahmā and heaven of truth; see loka), [L.] satya : N. of the ninth Kalpa (q.v.), [Pur.] satya : the Aśvattha tree, [L.] satya : N. of Viṣṇu, [L.] satya : of Rāma-candra, [L.] satya : of a supernatural being, [Gaut.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Hcat.] satya : of a deity presiding over the Nāndī-mukha Śrāddha, [L.] satya : of one of the Viśve Devāḥ, [Cat.] satya : of a Vyāsa, [Cat.] satya : of a son of Havir-dhāna, [BhP.] satya : of a son of Vitatya, [MBh.] satya : of one of the 7 Ṛṣis in various Manvantaras, [Hariv.]; [Pur.] satya : (with ācārya) N. of an astronomer (author of the Horā-śāstra), [VarBṛS.] satya : pl. N. of a class of gods in various Manvantaras, [Hariv.]; [Pur.] satya : satyá (am), n. truth, reality (satyena, ‘truly’, ‘certainly’, ‘really’; kásmāt sátyāt, ‘for what reason, how is it that?’ téna satyéna, ‘for that reason, so truly’; yathā-tena [or evaṃ] satyena, ‘as-so truly’; with Buddhists truth is of two kinds, viz. saṃvṛti- and paramārtha-satyam, ‘truth by general consent’ and ‘self-evident truth’, [Dharmas. 95]; for the four fundamental truths of Buddhists See [MWB. 43]; [56]), [RV.] &c. &c. satya : speaking the truth, sincerity, veracity, [KenUp.]; [Mn.]; [R.] &c. satya : a solemn asseveration, vow, promise, oath (satyaṃ cikīrṣamāṇa, ‘wishing to fulfil one's promise or keep one's word’), [AV.] &c. &c. satya : demonstrated conclusion, dogma, [W.] satya : the quality of goodness or purity or knowledge, [MW.] satya : the first of the four Yugas or ages (= 1. -kṛtá, q.v.), [L.] satya : a partic. mythical weapon, [R.] satya : the uppermost of the 7 Lokas (see under m.), [Vedāntas.]; [BhP.] satya : one of the 7 Vyāhṛtis, [L.] satya : partic. Satya-formula, [ĀśvŚr.] satya : = udaka, water, [Naigh. i, 12] satya : (also with prajāpateḥ) N. of Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]; [ŚrS.] satya : &c. See p. 1135, col. 3. 🔎 satyá- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 2.12.15 | vayám | ahám aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c. aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.] aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az]. 🔎 ahám | pronounPLNOM |
| 2.12.15 | te | tvám | pronounSGGEN |
| 2.12.15 | indra indra : índra m. (for etym. as given by native authorities See [Nir. x, 8]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 3, 4]; [Uṇ. ii, 28]; according to [BRD.] fr. in = √ inv with suff. ra preceded by inserted d, meaning ‘to subdue, conquer’ ; according to [Muir, S. T. v, 119], for sindra fr. √ syand, ‘to drop’; more probably from √ ind, ‘to drop’ q.v., and connected with indu above), the god of the atmosphere and sky indra : the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [vajra] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. &c. indra : (he is also regent of the east quarter, and considered one of the twelve Ādityas), [Mn.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c. indra : in the Vedānta he is identified with the supreme being indra : a prince indra : ifc. best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects; cf. surendra, rājendra, parvatendra, &c.), [Mn.]; [Hit.] indra : the pupil of the right eye (that of the left being called Indrāṇī or Indra's wife), [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.] indra : the number fourteen, [Sūryas.] indra : N. of a grammarian indra : of a physician indra : the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (see kuṭaja), [L.] indra : a vegetable poison, [L.] indra : the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic indra : the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth Nakṣatra, γ Pegasi indra : the human soul, the portion of spirit residing in the body indra : night, [L.] indra : one of the nine divisions of Jambu-dvīpa or the known continent, [L.] 🔎 indra | índra- indra : índra m. (for etym. as given by native authorities See [Nir. x, 8]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 3, 4]; [Uṇ. ii, 28]; according to [BRD.] fr. in = √ inv with suff. ra preceded by inserted d, meaning ‘to subdue, conquer’ ; according to [Muir, S. T. v, 119], for sindra fr. √ syand, ‘to drop’; more probably from √ ind, ‘to drop’ q.v., and connected with indu above), the god of the atmosphere and sky indra : the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [vajra] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. &c. indra : (he is also regent of the east quarter, and considered one of the twelve Ādityas), [Mn.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c. indra : in the Vedānta he is identified with the supreme being indra : a prince indra : ifc. best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects; cf. surendra, rājendra, parvatendra, &c.), [Mn.]; [Hit.] indra : the pupil of the right eye (that of the left being called Indrāṇī or Indra's wife), [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.] indra : the number fourteen, [Sūryas.] indra : N. of a grammarian indra : of a physician indra : the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (see kuṭaja), [L.] indra : a vegetable poison, [L.] indra : the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic indra : the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth Nakṣatra, γ Pegasi indra : the human soul, the portion of spirit residing in the body indra : night, [L.] indra : one of the nine divisions of Jambu-dvīpa or the known continent, [L.] 🔎 índra- | nominal stemSGMVOC |
| 2.12.15 | viśváha | viśváha | invariable |
| 2.12.15 | priyā́saḥ | priyá- priya : priyāla. See under √ 1. prī below. priya : priyá mf(A)n. beloved, dear to (gen. loc. dat. or comp.), liked, favourite, wanted, own, [RV.] &c. &c. (with abl. ‘dearer than’, [R.]; [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.]; priyaṃ-√ kṛ Ā. kurute, either ‘to gain the affection of, win as a friend’, [RV.]; or ‘to feel affection for, love more and more’, [MBh.]) priya : dear, expensive, high in price (cf. priya-dhānyaka, priyānna-tva) priya : fond of attached or devoted to (loc.), [RV.] (id. in comp., either ibc., e.g. priya-devana, ‘fond of playing’, or ifc., e.g. akṣa-priya, ‘fond of dice’, cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 35], Vārtt. 2; ifc. also = pleasant, agreeable, e.g. gamana-priya, ‘pleasant to go’, [vi, 2, 15]Sch.) priya : priyá m. a friend, [Gaut.] priya : a lover, husband, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. priya : a son-in-law, [Mn. iii, 119] ([Kull.]) priya : a kind of deer, [L.] priya : priyá m. N. of 2 medicinal plants, [L.] priya : priyá n. love, kindness, favour, pleasure, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. 🔎 priyá- | nominal stemPLMNOM |
| 2.12.15 | suvī́rāsaḥ | suvī́ra- suvīra : su—vī́ra mf(A)n. very manly, heroic, warlike, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] suvīra : rich in men or heroes, having or containing or consisting in excellent offspring or heroes or retainers, [ib.]; [TS.]; [ŚāṅkhGṛ.] suvīra : su—vī́ra m. a hero, warrior, [RV.] suvīra : the jujube tree, [L.] suvīra : another tree (= eka-vīra), [L.] suvīra : N. of Skanda, [MBh.] suvīra : of Śiva, [Śivag.] suvīra : of a son of Śiva, [MW.] suvīra : of various kings, (esp.) of a son of Dyutimat, [MBh.] suvīra : of a son of Kṣemya, [Hariv.] suvīra : of a son of Śibi (ancestor of the Suvīras), [ib.] suvīra : of a son of Deva-śravas, [BhP.] suvīra : su—vī́ra n. = next, [L.] 🔎 suvī́ra- | nominal stemPLMNOM |
| 2.12.15 | vidátham | vidátha- vidatha : vidátha n. knowledge, wisdom vidatha : (esp.) ‘knowledge given to others’ i.e. instruction, direction, order, arrangement, disposition, rule, command (also pl.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] (vidatham ā-√ vad, to impart knowledge, give instruction, rule, govern) vidatha : a meeting, assembly (either for deliberating or for the observance of festive or religious rites i.e.) council, community, association, congregation, [ib.] (also applied to partic. associations or communities of gods, which in [RV. viii, 39, 1] &c. are opposed to those of men; in [RV. ii, 27, 8]; [vi, 51, 2] &c. three associations of gods are mentioned) vidatha : a host, army, body of warriors (esp. applied to the Maruts), [RV.] vidatha : war, fight, [ib.] vidatha : m. a sage, scholar, [L.] vidatha : a saint, devotee, ascetic (= yogin), [L.] vidatha : = kṛtin, [L.] vidatha : N. of a man, [Sāy.] on [RV. v, 33, 9.] vidatha : (accord. to some for vidhātha fr. √ vidh, and orig. = ‘homage, worship, sacrifice’; accord. to others also = ‘house, household, &c.’). 🔎 vidátha- | nominal stemSGNACC |
| 2.12.15 | ā́ ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far. ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.] ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]] ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.] ā : grandfather, [L.] ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.] ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.] ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.] ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.] ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.] ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.] ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.] ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21] ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.] ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.] ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.) ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531] ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it) ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403] ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’ ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12] ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-) ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51] ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’. 🔎 ā́ | ā́ ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far. ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.] ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]] ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.] ā : grandfather, [L.] ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.] ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.] ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.] ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.] ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.] ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.] ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.] ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21] ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.] ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.] ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.) ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531] ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it) ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403] ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’ ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12] ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-) ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51] ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’. 🔎 ā́ | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 2.12.15 | vadema | √vadⁱ- vad : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiii, 40]) vádati, °te (ep. mc. also vādati; Pot. udeyam, [AV.]; pf. uvāda pl. ūdimá, [RV.]; ūde &c., [Br.]; [Up.]; veditha, °dāthuḥ, °duḥ, [Vop.]; aor. avādīt, °diṣuḥ, [RV.] &c. &c.; Subj. vādiṣaḥ, [AV.]; avādiran, [ib.]; vadiṣma, °ṣṭhāḥ, [Br.]; Prec. udyāt, [ib.]; fut. vadiṣyáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; inf. váditos, [Br.]; vaditum, [ib.] &c.; ind.p. uditvā, [GṛŚrS.]; -udya, [Br.]), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P. or Ā.; with acc. of the thing said, and acc. [with or without abhi] or gen., or loc. of the person addressed ; also followed by yad, ‘that’, or by yadi, ‘whether’), [RV.] &c. &c.; (P.) to praise, recommend, [MBh.]; to adjudge, adjudicate, [TS.]; [BhP.]; to indicate, designate, [VarBṛS.]; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak, [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to allege, affirm, [ib.]; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two acc. or acc. and nom. with iti), [AV.] &c. &c.; (with or scil. vācam) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and &c.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (Ā.) to say, tell, speak to (acc.), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to mention, state, communicate, name, [TS.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]; to confer or dispute about, [RV.]; [TS.]; to contend, quarrel, [ŚBr.]; to lay claim to (loc.), [AitBr.]; to be an authority, be eminent in (loc.), [Pāṇ. i, 3, 47]; to triumph, exult, [Bhaṭṭ.] : Pass. udyáte (aor. avādi), to be said or spoken &c., [AV.]; &c. : Caus. vādáyati m.c. also °te (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 89]; aor. avīvadat; Pass. vādyate, ep. also °ti), to cause to speak or say, [MBh.]; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instr., rarely loc. of the instrument), [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to play music, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]; (with bahu) to make much ado about one's self, [Subh.]; to cause a musical instrument (acc.) to be played by (instr.), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 58] Vārtt. 2; [Pat.]; to speak, recite, rehearse, [Hariv.] : Desid. vivadiṣati, °te, to desire to speak, [Br.]; [Gobh.] : Intens. vā́vadīti ([RV.]; [AV.]), vāvadyáte, ([ŚBr.]), vāvatti (Gr.), to speak or sound aloud. vad : [cf. Lit. vadìnti.] 🔎 √vadⁱ- | rootPLPRSACT1OPT |