ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

rudra : rudrá mfn. (prob.) crying, howling, roaring, dreadful, terrific, terrible, horrible (applied to the Aśvins, Agni, Indra, Mitra, Varuṇa, and the spáśaḥ), [RV.]; [AV.] (accord. to others ‘red, shining, glittering’, fr. a √ rud or rudh connected with rudhira; others ‘strong, having or bestowing strength or power’, fr. a √ rud = vṛd, vṛdh; native authorities give also the following meanings, ‘driving away evil’; ‘running about and roaring’, fr. ru + dra = 2. dru; ‘praiseworthy, to be praised’; ‘a praiser, worshipper’ = stotṛ, [Naigh. iii, 16])

rudra : rudrá m. ‘Roarer or Howler’, N. of the god of tempests and father and ruler of the Rudras and Maruts (in the Veda he is closely connected with Indra and still more with Agni, the god of fire, which, as a destroying agent, rages and crackles like the roaring storm, and also with Kāla or Time the all-consumer, with whom he is afterwards identified; though generally represented as a destroying deity, whose terrible shafts bring death or disease on men and cattle, he has also the epithet śiva, ‘benevolent’ or ‘auspicious’, and is even supposed to possess healing powers from his chasing away vapours and purifying the atmosphere; in the later mythology the word śiva, which does not occur as a name in the Veda, was employed, first as an euphemistic epithet and then as a real name for Rudra, who lost his special connection with storms and developed into a form of the disintegrating and reintegrating principle; while a new class of beings, described as eleven [or thirty-three] in number, though still called Rudras, took the place of the original Rudras or Maruts: in [VP. i, 7], Rudra is said to have sprung from Brahmā's forehead, and to have afterwards separated himself into a figure half male and half female, the former portion separating again into the 11 Rudras, hence these later Rudras are sometimes regarded as inferior manifestations of Śiva, and most of their names, which are variously given in the different Purāṇas, are also names of Śiva ; those of the [VāyuP.] are Ajaikapād, Ahir-budhnya, Hara, Nirṛta, Īśvara, Bhuvana, Aṅgāraka, Ardha-ketu, Mṛtyu, Sarpa, Kapālin; accord. to others the Rudras are represented as children of Kaśyapa and Surabhi or of Brahmā and Surabhi or of Bhūta and Su-rūpā; accord. to [VP. i, 8], Rudra is one of the 8 forms of Śiva; elsewhere he is reckoned among the Dik-pālas as regent of the north-east quarter), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [RTL. 75] &c.)

rudra : N. of the number ‘eleven’ (from the 11 Rudras), [VarBṛS.]

rudra : the eleventh, [Cat.]

rudra : (in astrol.) N. of the first Muhūrta

rudra : (in music) of a kind of stringed instrument (cf. rudrī and rudra-vīṇā)

rudra : of the letter e, [Up.]

rudra : of various men, [Kathās.]; [Rājat.]

rudra : of various teachers and authors (also with ācārya, kavi, bhaṭṭa, śarman, sūri &c.), [Cat.]

rudra : of a king, [Buddh.]

rudra : du. (incorrect acc. to, [Vām. v, 2, 1]) Rudra and Rudrāṇī (cf. also bhavā-r° and somā-rudra)

rudra : pl. the Rudras or sons of Rudra (sometimes identified with or distinguished from the Maruts who are 11 or 33 in number), [RV.] &c. &c.

rudra : an abbreviated N. for the texts or hymns addressed to Rudra, [GṛŚrS.]; [Gaut.]; [Vas.] (cf. rudra-japa)

rudra : of a people (v.l. puṇḍra), [VP.]

rudra : &c. See p. 883, col. 1.

sthiradhanvan : sthirá—dhanvan (sthirá-), mfn. having a strong bow (said of Rudra), [RV.]

gir : gír mfn. (√ gṝ) addressing, invoking, praising, [RV.]

gir : gír f. (ī́r) invocation, addressing with praise, praise, verse, song, [RV.] (the Maruts are called ‘sons of praise’, sūnávo gíraḥ, [i, 37, 10]), [AV.]

gir : speech, speaking, language, voice, words (e.g. mānuṣīṃ giraṃ √ 1. kṛ, to assume a human voice, [Nal. i, 25]; girāṃ prabhaviṣṇuḥ [[VarBṛS.]] or pati [[VarYogay.]] = gir-īśa, q.v.; tad-girā, on his advice, [Kathās. lxxv]), [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.

gir : = gīr-devī, fame, celebrity, [W.]

gir : a kind of mystical syllable, [RāmatUp.];

gir : [cf. Hib. gair, ‘an outcry, shout’; Gk. γῆρυς.]

gir : mfn. (√ gṝ) ifc. ‘swallowing’, see gara- and muhur-gír.

gir : gír m. = girí, a mountain, [RV. v, 41, 14] and [vii, 39, 5]; [Śiś. iv, 59.]

kṣipreṣu : kṣipréṣu mfn. one who has quick arrows (Rudra), [RV. vii, 46, 1.]

devāya : Nom. P., only p. °yát = °vayát, [Maitr.] and [KapS.]; [Kāṭh.]

deva : devá mf(I)n. (fr. 3. div) heavenly, divine (also said of terrestrial things of high excellence), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] (superl. m. devá-tama, [RV. iv, 22, 3] &c.; f. devi-tamā, [ii, 41, 16])

deva : devá m. (according to [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 120] déva) a deity, god, [RV.] &c. &c.

deva : (rarely applied to) evil demons, [AV. iii, 15, 5]; [TS. iii, 5, 4, 1]

deva : (pl. the gods as the heavenly or shining ones; víśve devā́s, all the gods, [RV. ii, 3, 4] &c., or a partic. class of deities [see under víśva], often reckoned as 33, either 11 for each of the 3 worlds, [RV. i, 139, 11] &c. [cf. tri-daśa], or 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras, and 12 Ādityas [to which the 2 Aśvins must be added] [Br.]; cf. also, [Divyāv. 68]; with Jainas 4 classes, viz. bhavanādhīśa, vyantara, jyotiṣka, and vaimānika; devā́nām pátnyas, the wives of the gods, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.] [cf. deva-patnī below])

deva : N. of the number 33 (see above), [Gaṇit.]

deva : N. of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.

deva : a cloud, [L.]

deva : (with Jainas) the 22nd Arhat of the future Ut-sarpiṇī

deva : the image of a god, an idol, [Viṣṇ.]

deva : a god on earth or among men, either Brāhman, priest, [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. bhū-d°), or king, prince (as a title of honour, esp. in the voc. ‘your majesty’ or ‘your honour’; also ifc., e.g. śrī-harṣa-d°, vikramāṅka-d°, king Śrī-h° or Vikr°, and in names as puruṣottama-d° [lit. having Viṣṇu as one's deity; cf. atithi-d°, ācārya-d°, pitṛ-d°, mātṛ-d°]; rarely preceding the name, e.g. deva-caṇḍamahāsena, [Kathās. xiii, 48]), [Kāv.]; [Pañc.] &c. (cf. kṣiti-, nara-, &c.)

deva : a husband's brother (cf. devṛ and devara), [W.]

deva : a fool, dolt, [L.]

deva : a child, [L.]

deva : a man following any partic. line or business, [L.]

deva : a spearman, lancer, [L.]

deva : emulation, wish to excel or overcome, [L.]

deva : sport, play, [L.]

deva : a sword, [Gal.]

deva : N. of men, [VP.]

deva : of a disciple of Nāgārjuna, [MWB. 192]

deva : dimin. for devadatta, [Pāṇ. v, 3, 83], Vārtt. 4, Sch.

deva : devá n. ([L.]) an organ of sense, [MuṇḍUp. iii, 1, 8]; [2, 7]

deva : [cf. Lat. dīvus, deus; Lit. dë́vas; Old Pruss. deiwas.]

svadhāvan : svadhā́van mf(arI)n. lawful, constant, faithful, [RV.]

svadhāvan : containing homes (as heaven and earth), [ib.]

sah : cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xx, 22]) sáhate (Ved. and ep. also °ti and exceptionally sāhati, once in [MBh.] 1. sg. sahyāmi; p. sáhat, sáhamāna [q.v.]; pf. sehe, sasāha; Ved. also sasāhé or sasahé and sāsā́ha; sāsáhat; sāsahīṣṭā́ḥ, sāsahyā́ma; p. sehāná, sāsahāná, sāsahvás or sasahvás and sāhvás [q.v.]; aor. asākṣi, sākṣi, sākṣate, [RV.]; sākṣīt, [GopBr.]; sakṣati, [AV.]; sakṣat, sā́kṣāma, [RV.]; Impv. sakṣi, sākṣva or sakṣva, [ib.]; p. sákṣat, [ib.]; ásahisṭa, [RV.]; Prec. sahyās, sāhyā́ma, [ib.]; sākṣīya, [AV.]; sāhiṣīmáhi or sahiṣīmáhi, [RV.]; fut. soḍhā, [MBh.] &c.; sahitā Gr.; sakṣyati, [MBh.], °te, [Br.]; sākṣye [?] [AV.]; -sahiṣyati, °te, [MBh.]; Cond. asahiṣyat, [ib.]; inf. sáhadhyai, [RV.]; [Kāṭh.]; sā́ḍhyai, [MaitrS.]; soḍhum, sahitum, [MBh.]; ind.p. soḍhvā, [ĀpŚr.], Sch.; sādhvā, sahitvā Gr.; -sáhya, [RV.] &c.; sáham, [Br.]), to prevail, be victorious; to overcome, vanquish, conquer, defeat (enemies), gain, win (battles), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [R.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to offer violence to (acc.), [AitBr.]; [ŚBr.] ; to master, suppress, restrain, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to be able to or capable of (inf. or loc.), [ib.]; to bear up against, resist, withstand, [AV.] &c. &c.; to bear, put up with, endure, suffer, tolerate (with na, ‘to grudge’), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to be lenient towards, have patience with any one (gen.), [Bhag.]; to spare any one, [MārkP.]; [Pañcat.]; to let pass, approve anything, [Sarvad.]; (with kalam, kala-kṣepam &c.) to bide or wait patiently for the right time, [Kāv.]; [Kathās.] : Caus. or cl. 10. sāhayati (aor. asīṣahat), to forbear, [Dhātup. xxxiv, 4] : Desid. of Caus. sisāhayiṣati, [Pāṇ. viii, 3, 62] ? : Desid. sī́kṣate (p. sī́kṣat; accord. to [Pāṇ. viii, 3, 61], also sisahiṣate), to wish to overcome, [RV.]; [TS.] : Intens. sāsahyate, sāsoḍhi (cf. sāsahí or sasahí) Gr. [cf. sahas and ἴσχω for σι-σχω; ἔχω, ἔ-σχον.]

sah : (strong form sāh) mfn. bearing, enduring, overcoming (ifc.; see abhimāti-ṣā́h &c.)

sah : cl. 4. P. sahyati, to satisfy, delight, [Dhātup. xxvi, 20]; to be pleased, [ib.]; to bear, endure (cf. √ 1. ), [ib.]

vedhas : vedhás mfn. (in some meanings prob. connected with vi-√ dhā; nom. m. vedhā́s acc. vedhásam or vedhā́m) pious, religious, virtuous, good, brave (also applied to gods), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.]

vedhas : wise, [Kām.]

vedhas : performing, accomplishing (in gambhīra-v°), [BhP.]

vedhas : vedhás m. a worshipper of the gods, [RV.]

vedhas : an arranger, disposer, creator (esp. applied to Brahmā, but also to Prajāpati, Puruṣa, Śiva, Viṣṇu, Dharma, the Sun &c.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

vedhas : an author, [Rājat.]; [Sarvad.]

vedhas : a wise or learned man, [L.]

vedhas : N. of the father of Hari-ścandra (see vaidasa).

tigmāyudha : tigmā́yudha mfn. having or casting sharp weapons, [ii], [v]-[vii], [ix].

bharata : bharatá m. ‘to be or being maintained’, N. of Agni (kept alive by the care of men), [RV.]; [Br.]; [Kauś.]

bharata : of a partic. Agni (father of Bharata and Bharatī), [MBh.]

bharata : a priest (= ṛtvij), [Naigh. iii, 18]

bharata : an actor, dancer, tumbler, [Yājñ.]; [Mālatīm.]; [Prab.]

bharata : a weaver, [L.]

bharata : a hireling, mercenary, [L.]

bharata : a barbarian, mountaineer (= śabara), [L.]

bharata : the fire in which the rice for Brāhmans is boiled, [L.]

bharata : N. of Rudra (the Maruts are called his sons), [RV. ii, 36, 8]

bharata : of an Āditya, [Nir. viii, 13]

bharata : of a son of Agni Bharata, [MBh.]

bharata : of a celebrated hero and monarch of India (son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, the first of 12 Cakra-vartins or Sārvabhaumas i.e. universal emperors), [RV.]; [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.

bharata : of a son of Dhruvasaṃdhi and father of Asita, [R.]

bharata : of a son of Daśaratha and Kaikeyī (and younger brother of Rāma, to whom he was very much devoted), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.

bharata : of a son of Ṛṣabha, [Pur.]

bharata : of a son of Vītihotra, [VP.]

bharata : of a Manu (who gave the name to the country Bhārata), [ib.]

bharata : of a son of Manu Bhautya, [MārkP.]

bharata : of a king of Aśmaka, [Vās., Introd.]

bharata : of various teachers and authors (esp. of an ancient Muni supposed author of a manual of the dramatic art called Nāṭya-śāstra or Bharata-śāstra)

bharata : = Jaḍabharata (q.v.), [A.]

bharata : = Bharata-mallīka (below)

bharata : pl. ‘the descendants of Bharata’, N. of a tribe, [RV.] &c. &c.

bharata : bharatá n. pl. N. of a partic. Varṣa, [L.]

bhṛ : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 1]) bhárati, °te; cl. 3. P. Ā. ([xxv, 5]) bíbharti (bibhárti only, [RV. iv, 50, 7]), bibhṛte; cl. 2. P. bhárti, [RV. i, 173, 6.] (p. P. bíbhrat, q.v.; Ā. bibhrāṇa with act. meaning, [Ragh.], bibhramāṇa with pass. meaning, [RV.]; pf. jabhā́ra, jabhárat; jabhre, ajabhartana, [ib.]; babhāra, babhṛma, [Br.] &c.; p. babhrāṇá with pass. meaning, [RV.]; bibharāmbabhūva, [Ragh.], °rām-āsa, [Bhaṭṭ.]; aor. abhār, [RV.]; bhartám, bhṛtám, [Br.]; abhṛta Gr.; abhārṣam Subj. bharṣat, [RV.]; abhāriṣam, [AV.]; Prec. bhriyāsam, °yāt, [Br.]; fut. bhariṣyati cond. ábhariṣyat, [RV.]; bhartā́, [ŚBr.]; inf. bhártum, bhártave, bhártavaí, Ved.; bháradhyai, [RV.]; ind.p. -bhṛ́tya, [ib.] &c.), to bear, carry, convey, hold (‘on’ or ‘in’ loc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to wear i.e. let grow (hair, beard, nails), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales), [Viṣṇ.]; to bear i.e. contain, possess, have, keep (also ‘keep in mind’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to support, maintain, cherish, foster, [ib.]; to hire, pay, [MBh.]; to carry off or along (Ā. bharate, ‘for one's self’ i.e. gain, obtain, or = ferri ‘to be borne along’), [RV.]; [AV.]; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow, [RV.] &c. &c.; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo, [ib.]; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; Ā. bharate, also ‘to rise, be heard’), [RV.]; to fill (the stomach), [Pañcat.]; (with garbham) to conceive, become pregnant (cf. under √ dhṛ), [RV.]; (with kṣitim) to take care of, rule, govern, [Rājat.]; (with, ājñām) to submit to, obey, [ib.]; (with ūrjām) to exert, employ, [Bhaṭṭ.] : Pass. bhriyáte (ep. also °ti; aor. abhāri), to be borne &c., [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. bhārayati (aor. abībharat), to cause to bear &c.; to engage for hire, [MBh.] : Desid. búbhūrṣati ([ŚBr.]; [MārkP.]), bibhariṣati ([Pāṇ. viii, 2, 49]), to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intens. báribharti (3. pl. °bhrati, [RV.], where also 2. du. jarbhṛtáḥ), barībharti ([Kāv.]), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither.

bhṛ : [cf. Zd. bar; Gk. ϕέρω; Lat. fero; Slav. brati; Goth. baíran; Germ. beran, ge-bären; Eng. bear.]

bhṛ : (1. See p. 764, col. 3), in comp. for bhrū.

śru : cl. 5. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 44]) śṛṇóti (Ved. and ep. also Ā. śṛṇute, and in [RV.] 3. sg. śṛṇvé, 2. sg. °viṣé, 3. pl. °viré [cf. below]; Impv. śṛṇu, °ṇudhī́ or °ṇudhí and °ṇuhī́ or °ṇuhí pl. śṛṇutā́ or śṛṇutá, °ṇota and °ṇotana, [RV.]; pf. śuśrā́va [once in [R.] with pass. sense], śuśruve [2. sg. śuśrotha, 1. pl. śuśruma, in [Up.] also °mas; śuśravat, śuśrūyā́s, [RV.], p. śuśruvás, q.v.]; aor. Ved. áśravam, áśrot, 2. sg. śróṣi; Subj. śrávat, °vathaḥ; [?] śruvam, [TĀr.]; Impv. śrudhī́ or śrudhí, śrótu, [RV.]; aśrauṣīt, [Br.] &c.; Subj. śroṣan Impv. śroṣantu, [RV.] [cf. śróṣamāṇa]; Prec. śrūyā́sam, [AV.] &c.; fut. śrotā, [MBh.]; śroṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. śrotum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. śrutvā́, [RV.] &c.; -śrútya, [AV.] &c.; śrāvam, [GṛŚrS.] &c.), to hear, listen or attend to anything (acc.), give ear to any one (acc. or gen.), hear or learn anything about (acc.) or from (abl. gen. instr., mukhāt or śakāśāt), or that anything is (two acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to hear (from a teacher), study, learn, [ŚrS.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be attentive, be obedient, obey, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.: Pass. śrūyáte (ep. also °ti; and in [RV.] śṛṇve &c. [cf. above] with pass. meaning; aor. aśrāvi, śrāvi), to be heard or perceived or learnt about (acc.) or from (gen. abl. or mukhāt; in later language often 3. sg. śrūyate impers. ‘it is heard’, ‘one hears or learns or reads in a book’, = ‘it is said’, ‘it is written in (with loc.)’; Impv. śrūyatām, ‘let it be heard’ = ‘listen!’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to be celebrated or renowned, be known as, pass for, be called (nom.), [RV.] ; to be heard or learnt (from a teacher), [Pañcat.]; to be taught or stated (in a book), [Sarvad.]; to be heard i.e. pronounced or employed (as a sound or word), [TPrāt.], Sch.: Caus. śrāváyati (ep. also °te, in [RV.] also śraváyati; aor. aśuśravi, °vuḥ, [RV.]; aśuśruvat, [Br.]; aśiśravat Gr.; Pass. śrāvyate See below), to cause to be heard or learnt, announce, proclaim, declare, [RV.] &c. &c.; to cause to hear, inform, instruct, communicate, relate, tell (with acc. of thing, and acc. gen., or dat. of pers., or with instr. in sense of ‘through’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Pass. of Caus. śrāvyate, to be informed of (acc.), [MBh.] &c.: Desid. śúśrūṣate ([Pāṇ. i, 3, 57]; ep. or mc. also °ti; Pass. śuśrūṣyate), to wish or like to hear (acc.), desire to attend or listen to (dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to attend upon, serve, obey (acc., rarely gen.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. of Desid. śuśrūṣayati, to wait upon, be at the service of (acc.), [Kull.] on [Mn. ii, 243] : Desid. of Caus. śiśrāvayiṣati or śuśrāvayiṣati Gr.: Intens. śośrūyate, śośravīti, śośroti Gr.

śru : [cf. Gk. κλύω, κλῦθι = śrudhí, κλυτός = śrutá &c.; Lat. cluo, in-clutus; Slav. sluti; Germ. laut; Eng. loud.]

śru : (only in śrúvat; generally an incorrect form of √ sru), to dissolve into parts, burst asunder, [RV. i, 127, 3.]

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].