5.85.7
अ॒र्य॒म्यं॑ वरुण मि॒त्र्यं॑ वा॒ सखा॑यं वा॒ सद॒मिद्भ्रात॑रं वा
वे॒शं वा॒ नित्यं॑ वरु॒णार॑णं वा॒ यत्सी॒माग॑श्चकृ॒मा शि॒श्रथ॒स्तत्
5.85.7
aryamyàṃ varuṇa mitryàṃ vā
sákhāyaṃ vā sádam íd bhrā́taraṃ vā
veśáṃ vā nítyaṃ varuṇā́raṇaṃ vā
yát sīm ā́gaś cakr̥mā́ śiśráthas tát
5.85.7
aryamyamfrom aryamyà-
from váruṇa-
from vā
from sákhi-
from vā
from sádam
from íd
from vā
from veśá-
from vā
from nítya-
from váruṇa-
from áraṇa-
from vā
from yá-
from sīm
from √kr̥-
from √śrathⁱ-
from sá- ~ tá-
5.85.7
If we have sinned against the man who loves us, have ever wronged a brother, friend, or comrade, The neighbour ever with us, or a stranger, O Varuṇa, remove from us the trespass.
| Source index | Surface | Lemma | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.85.7 | aryamyàm | aryamyà- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 5.85.7 | varuṇa varuṇa : váruṇa m. (once in the [TĀr.] varuṇá) ‘All-enveloping Sky’, N. of an Āditya (in the Veda commonly associated with Mitra [q.v.] and presiding over the night as Mitra over the day, but often celebrated separately, whereas Mitra is rarely invoked alone; Varuṇa is one of the oldest of the Vedic gods, and is commonly thought to correspond to the Οὐρανός of the Greeks, although of a more spiritual conception; he is often regarded as the supreme deity, being then styled ‘king of the gods’ or ‘king of both gods and men’ or ‘king of the universe’; no other deity has such grand attributes and functions assigned to him; he is described as fashioning and upholding heaven and earth, as possessing extraordinary power and wisdom called māyā, as sending his spies or messengers throughout both worlds, as numbering the very winkings of men's eyes, as hating falsehood, as seizing transgressors with his pāśa or noose, as inflicting diseases, especially dropsy, as pardoning sin, as the guardian of immortality; he is also invoked in the Veda together with Indra, and in later Vedic literature together with Agni, with Yama, and with Viṣṇu; in [RV. iv, 1, 2], he is even called the brother of Agni; though not generally regarded in the Veda as a god of the ocean, yet he is often connected with the waters, especially the waters of the atmosphere or firmament, and in one place [[RV. vii, 64, 2]] is called with Mitra, sindhu-pati, ‘lord of the sea or of rivers’; hence in the later mythology he became a kind of Neptune, and is there best known in his character of god of the ocean; in the [MBh.] Varuṇa is said to be a son of Kardama and father of Puṣkara, and is also variously represented as one of the Deva-gandharvas, as a Nāga, as a king of the Nāgas, and as an Asura; he is the regent of the western quarter [cf. loka-pāla] and of the Nakṣatra Śatabhiṣaj [[VarBṛS.]]; the Jainas consider Varuṇa as a servant of the twentieth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [IW. 10]; [12] &c.) varuṇa : the ocean, [VarBṛS.] varuṇa : water, [Kathās.] varuṇa : the sun, [L.] varuṇa : awarder off or dispeller, [Sāy.] on [RV. v, 48, 5] varuṇa : N. of a partic. magical formula recited over weapons, [R.] (v.l. varaṇa) varuṇa : the tree Crataeva Roxburghii, [L.] (cf. varaṇa) varuṇa : pl. (prob.) the gods generally, [AV. iii, 4, 6] varuṇa : váruṇa &c. See p. 921, col. 2. 🔎 varuṇa | váruṇa- varuṇa : váruṇa m. (once in the [TĀr.] varuṇá) ‘All-enveloping Sky’, N. of an Āditya (in the Veda commonly associated with Mitra [q.v.] and presiding over the night as Mitra over the day, but often celebrated separately, whereas Mitra is rarely invoked alone; Varuṇa is one of the oldest of the Vedic gods, and is commonly thought to correspond to the Οὐρανός of the Greeks, although of a more spiritual conception; he is often regarded as the supreme deity, being then styled ‘king of the gods’ or ‘king of both gods and men’ or ‘king of the universe’; no other deity has such grand attributes and functions assigned to him; he is described as fashioning and upholding heaven and earth, as possessing extraordinary power and wisdom called māyā, as sending his spies or messengers throughout both worlds, as numbering the very winkings of men's eyes, as hating falsehood, as seizing transgressors with his pāśa or noose, as inflicting diseases, especially dropsy, as pardoning sin, as the guardian of immortality; he is also invoked in the Veda together with Indra, and in later Vedic literature together with Agni, with Yama, and with Viṣṇu; in [RV. iv, 1, 2], he is even called the brother of Agni; though not generally regarded in the Veda as a god of the ocean, yet he is often connected with the waters, especially the waters of the atmosphere or firmament, and in one place [[RV. vii, 64, 2]] is called with Mitra, sindhu-pati, ‘lord of the sea or of rivers’; hence in the later mythology he became a kind of Neptune, and is there best known in his character of god of the ocean; in the [MBh.] Varuṇa is said to be a son of Kardama and father of Puṣkara, and is also variously represented as one of the Deva-gandharvas, as a Nāga, as a king of the Nāgas, and as an Asura; he is the regent of the western quarter [cf. loka-pāla] and of the Nakṣatra Śatabhiṣaj [[VarBṛS.]]; the Jainas consider Varuṇa as a servant of the twentieth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [IW. 10]; [12] &c.) varuṇa : the ocean, [VarBṛS.] varuṇa : water, [Kathās.] varuṇa : the sun, [L.] varuṇa : awarder off or dispeller, [Sāy.] on [RV. v, 48, 5] varuṇa : N. of a partic. magical formula recited over weapons, [R.] (v.l. varaṇa) varuṇa : the tree Crataeva Roxburghii, [L.] (cf. varaṇa) varuṇa : pl. (prob.) the gods generally, [AV. iii, 4, 6] varuṇa : váruṇa &c. See p. 921, col. 2. 🔎 váruṇa- | nominal stemSGMVOC |
| 5.85.7 | mitryàm | mitryà- mitrya : mitryà mfn. = mitríya, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.] mitrya : (ifc.) belonging to the friends of any one g. vargyādi. 🔎 mitryà- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 5.85.7 | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | sákhāyam | sákhi- sakhi : sákhi m. (strong cases nom. sákhā pl. sákhāyaḥ; acc. sg. sákhāyam; gen. abl. sákhyus; other cases regularly from ) a friend, assistant, companion, [RV.] &c. &c. sakhi : the husband of the wife's sister, brother-in-law, [Gal.] sakhi : [cf. Lat. socius.] 🔎 sákhi- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 5.85.7 | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | sádam sadam : sádam ind. (prob. fr. sadā below and connected with 7. sa) always, ever, for ever, at any time, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Vait.] 🔎 sádam | sádam sadam : sádam ind. (prob. fr. sadā below and connected with 7. sa) always, ever, for ever, at any time, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Vait.] 🔎 sádam | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | ít it : ifc. going, going towards it : cf. arthét it : (for 2. See s.v.) it : (in Gr.) an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots &c. (= anubandha, q.v.) it : for the Ved. particle id, q.v. 🔎 ít | íd id : íd ind. Ved. (probably the neut. form of the pronom. base i See 3. i; a particle of affirmation) even, just, only id : indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, e.g. yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd asat, as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be, [RV. viii, 28, 4]; dípsanta íd ripávo nā́ha debhuḥ, the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt, [RV. i, 147, 3]). is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (e.g. viśva it, every one indeed; śaśvad it, constantly indeed; eka it, one only). At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (e.g. tvam it, thou indeed; yadi it, if indeed, &c.) occurs often in the Ṛg-veda and Atharva-veda, seldom in the Brāhmaṇas, and its place is taken in classical Sanskṛt by eva and other particles. 🔎 íd | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | bhrā́taram | bhrā́tar- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 5.85.7 | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | veśám | veśá- veśa : veśá m. (√ 1. viś) ‘a settler’, small farmer, tenant, neighbour, dependent, vassal, [RV.]; [Kāṭh.] (once in [VS.] véśa) veśa : entrance, ingress, [W.] veśa : a tent (see vastra-v°) veśa : a house, dwelling (cf. veśavāṭa), [L.] veśa : prostitution or a house of ill fame, brothel, [Mn.]; [Daś.]; [Kathās.] veśa : the behaviour of a courtezan, [Kathās.] veśa : trade, business (to explain vaiśya), [L.] veśa : the son of a Vaiśya and an Ugrī, [L.] veśa : often w.r. for veṣa. [For cognate words See under √ 1. viś.] 🔎 veśá- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 5.85.7 | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | nítyam nityam : nítyam (am), ind. always, constantly, regularly, by all means, [RV.] &c. &c. (na nityam, never; nityam an-ādāta, never a receiver, [Mn. vi, 8]). 🔎 nítyam | nítya- nitya : nítya mf(A)n. (fr. ni; cf. ni-ja) innate, native, [MBh. iii, 13941] nitya : one's own (opp. to araṇa), [RV.] nitya : continual, perpetual, eternal, [RV.] &c. &c. nitya : ifc. constantly dwelling or engaged in, intent upon, devoted or used to (cf. tapo-n°, dharma-n°, dhyāna-n°, śastra-n°), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. nitya : ordinary, usual, invariable, fixed, necessary, obligatory (opp. to kāmya, naimittika &c.), [Br.]; [ŚrS.]; [Mn.] &c. (with samāsa m. a compound the meaning of which is not expressed by its members when not compounded, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 3], Sch.; with svarita m. = jātya, the independent Svarita, [TPrāt. ii, 8]) nitya : nítya m. the sea, ocean, [L.] nitya : nítya n. constant and indispensable rite or act, [W.] 🔎 nítya- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 5.85.7 | varuṇa varuṇa : váruṇa m. (once in the [TĀr.] varuṇá) ‘All-enveloping Sky’, N. of an Āditya (in the Veda commonly associated with Mitra [q.v.] and presiding over the night as Mitra over the day, but often celebrated separately, whereas Mitra is rarely invoked alone; Varuṇa is one of the oldest of the Vedic gods, and is commonly thought to correspond to the Οὐρανός of the Greeks, although of a more spiritual conception; he is often regarded as the supreme deity, being then styled ‘king of the gods’ or ‘king of both gods and men’ or ‘king of the universe’; no other deity has such grand attributes and functions assigned to him; he is described as fashioning and upholding heaven and earth, as possessing extraordinary power and wisdom called māyā, as sending his spies or messengers throughout both worlds, as numbering the very winkings of men's eyes, as hating falsehood, as seizing transgressors with his pāśa or noose, as inflicting diseases, especially dropsy, as pardoning sin, as the guardian of immortality; he is also invoked in the Veda together with Indra, and in later Vedic literature together with Agni, with Yama, and with Viṣṇu; in [RV. iv, 1, 2], he is even called the brother of Agni; though not generally regarded in the Veda as a god of the ocean, yet he is often connected with the waters, especially the waters of the atmosphere or firmament, and in one place [[RV. vii, 64, 2]] is called with Mitra, sindhu-pati, ‘lord of the sea or of rivers’; hence in the later mythology he became a kind of Neptune, and is there best known in his character of god of the ocean; in the [MBh.] Varuṇa is said to be a son of Kardama and father of Puṣkara, and is also variously represented as one of the Deva-gandharvas, as a Nāga, as a king of the Nāgas, and as an Asura; he is the regent of the western quarter [cf. loka-pāla] and of the Nakṣatra Śatabhiṣaj [[VarBṛS.]]; the Jainas consider Varuṇa as a servant of the twentieth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [IW. 10]; [12] &c.) varuṇa : the ocean, [VarBṛS.] varuṇa : water, [Kathās.] varuṇa : the sun, [L.] varuṇa : awarder off or dispeller, [Sāy.] on [RV. v, 48, 5] varuṇa : N. of a partic. magical formula recited over weapons, [R.] (v.l. varaṇa) varuṇa : the tree Crataeva Roxburghii, [L.] (cf. varaṇa) varuṇa : pl. (prob.) the gods generally, [AV. iii, 4, 6] varuṇa : váruṇa &c. See p. 921, col. 2. 🔎 varuṇa | váruṇa- varuṇa : váruṇa m. (once in the [TĀr.] varuṇá) ‘All-enveloping Sky’, N. of an Āditya (in the Veda commonly associated with Mitra [q.v.] and presiding over the night as Mitra over the day, but often celebrated separately, whereas Mitra is rarely invoked alone; Varuṇa is one of the oldest of the Vedic gods, and is commonly thought to correspond to the Οὐρανός of the Greeks, although of a more spiritual conception; he is often regarded as the supreme deity, being then styled ‘king of the gods’ or ‘king of both gods and men’ or ‘king of the universe’; no other deity has such grand attributes and functions assigned to him; he is described as fashioning and upholding heaven and earth, as possessing extraordinary power and wisdom called māyā, as sending his spies or messengers throughout both worlds, as numbering the very winkings of men's eyes, as hating falsehood, as seizing transgressors with his pāśa or noose, as inflicting diseases, especially dropsy, as pardoning sin, as the guardian of immortality; he is also invoked in the Veda together with Indra, and in later Vedic literature together with Agni, with Yama, and with Viṣṇu; in [RV. iv, 1, 2], he is even called the brother of Agni; though not generally regarded in the Veda as a god of the ocean, yet he is often connected with the waters, especially the waters of the atmosphere or firmament, and in one place [[RV. vii, 64, 2]] is called with Mitra, sindhu-pati, ‘lord of the sea or of rivers’; hence in the later mythology he became a kind of Neptune, and is there best known in his character of god of the ocean; in the [MBh.] Varuṇa is said to be a son of Kardama and father of Puṣkara, and is also variously represented as one of the Deva-gandharvas, as a Nāga, as a king of the Nāgas, and as an Asura; he is the regent of the western quarter [cf. loka-pāla] and of the Nakṣatra Śatabhiṣaj [[VarBṛS.]]; the Jainas consider Varuṇa as a servant of the twentieth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [IW. 10]; [12] &c.) varuṇa : the ocean, [VarBṛS.] varuṇa : water, [Kathās.] varuṇa : the sun, [L.] varuṇa : awarder off or dispeller, [Sāy.] on [RV. v, 48, 5] varuṇa : N. of a partic. magical formula recited over weapons, [R.] (v.l. varaṇa) varuṇa : the tree Crataeva Roxburghii, [L.] (cf. varaṇa) varuṇa : pl. (prob.) the gods generally, [AV. iii, 4, 6] varuṇa : váruṇa &c. See p. 921, col. 2. 🔎 váruṇa- | nominal stemSGMVOC |
| 5.85.7 | áraṇam | áraṇa- araṇa : áraṇa mf(I)n. (√ ṛ), foreign, distant, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] araṇa : áraṇa n. (only for the etym. of araṇi) the being fitted (as a piece of wood), [Nir.] araṇa : a refuge, [BhP.] araṇa : a-raṇa mfn. without fighting (as death i.e. natural death), [Bhaṭṭ.] 🔎 áraṇa- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 5.85.7 | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | vā vā : f. going vā : hurting vā : an arrow vā : weaving vā : ind. or (excluded, like the Lat. ve, from the first place in a sentence, and generally immediately following, rarely and only m.c. preceding, the word to which it refers), [RV.] &c. &c. (often used in disjunctive sentences; vā-vā, ‘either’ — ‘or’, ‘on the one side’ — ‘on the other’; na vā — or na — , ‘neither’ — ‘nor’; vā na-vā, ‘either not’ — ‘or’; yadi vā-vā, ‘whether’ — ‘or’; in a sentence containing more than two members is nearly always repeated, although if a negative is in the first clause it need not be so repeated; is sometimes interchangeable with ca and api, and is frequently combined with other particles, esp. with atha, atho, uta, kim, yad, yadi, q.v. [e.g. atha vā, ‘or else’]; it is also sometimes used as an expletive) vā : either-or not, optionally, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c. (in gram. is used in a rule to denote its being optional, e.g. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; [35] &c.) vā : as, like (= iva), [PārGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c. vā : just, even, indeed, very (= eva, laying stress on the preceding word), [KātyŚr.]; [Kāv.] vā : but even if, even supposing (followed by a future), [Pañc. v, 36/37] vā : however, nevertheless, [Bādar.]; [Bālar.] vā : (after a rel. or interr.) possibly, perhaps, I dare say, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (e.g. kiṃ vā śakuntalety asya mātur ākhyā, ‘is his mother's name perhaps Śakuntalā?’, [Śak. vii, 20/21]; ko vā or ke vā followed by a negative may in such cases be translated by ‘every one, all’ e.g. ke vā na syuḥ paribhava-padaṃ niṣphalāram-bha-yatnāḥ, ‘everybody whose efforts are fruitless is an object of contempt’, [Megh. 55]). vā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 42]) vā́ti (pf. vavau, [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.; aor. avāsīt, [Br.]; fut. vāsyati, [Megh.]; inf. vātum, [Hariv.]), to blow (as the wind), [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure or bestow anything (acc.) by blowing, [RV. i, 89, 4]; to blow towards or upon (acc.), [MBh. xii, 2798]; to emit an odour, be diffused (as perfume), [ŚBr.]; to smell (trans.), [Vikr. iv, 41] (v.l.); to hurt, injure, [Vop.] : Caus. vāpayati, see nir-√ vā and cf. vājaya: Desid. vivāsati See √ 1. van. vā : [cf. Gk. ἄημι for ϝαημι; Lat. ventus; Slav. vejati; Goth. waian, winds; Germ. wâjan, wæjen, wehen, Wind; Angl.Sax. wâwan; Eng. wind.] 🔎 vā | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | yát yat : yát mfn. (pr. p. of √ 5. i) going, moving, [RV.] &c. &c. (abde yati, in this year, [L.]) yat : cl. 1. Ā. (prob. connected with √ yam and orig. meaning, ‘to stretch’, [Dhātup. ii, 29]) yátate (Ved. and ep. also P. °ti; p. yátamāna, yátāna and yatāná, [RV.]; pf. yete, 3. pl. yetire, [ib.] &c.; aor. ayatiṣṭa, [Br.]; fut. yatiṣyate, [Br.], °ti, [MBh.]; inf. yatitum, [MBh.]; ind.p. -yátya, [MBh.]), (P.) to place in order, marshal, join, connect, [RV.]; (P. or Ā.) to keep pace, be in line, rival or vie with (instr.), [ib.]; (Ā.) to join (instr.), associate with (instr.), march or fly together or in line, [ib.]; to conform or comply with (instr.), [ib.]; to meet, encounter (in battle), [ib.]; [Br.]; to seek to join one's self with, make for, tend towards (loc.), [ib.]; to endeavour to reach, strive after, be eager or anxious for (with loc. dat. acc. with or without prati, once with gen.; also with arthe, arthāya, artham and hetos ifc.; or with inf.), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to exert one's self, take pains, endeavour, make effort, persevere, be cautious or watchful, [ib.]; to be prepared for (acc.), [R.] : Caus. (or cl. 10. [Dhātup. xxxiii, 62]) yātáyati (or °te; aor. ayīyatat; Pass. yātyate), to join, unite (Ā. intrans.), [RV.]; to join or attach to (loc.) P. [PañcavBr.]; to cause to fight, [AitBr.]; to strive to obtain anything (acc.) from (abl.), [Mālav.]; ; (rarely Ā.) to requite, return, reward or punish, reprove (as a fault), [RV.] &c. &c. (Ā.) to surrender or yield up anything (acc.) to (acc. or gen.), [MBh.]; (P. Ā.) to distress, torture, vex, annoy, [BhP.]; accord. to [Dhātup.] also nikāre (others nirākāre or khede) and upaskāre: Desid. yiyatiṣate Gr.: Intens. yāyatyate and yāyatti, [ib.] yat : in comp. for yad. 🔎 yát | yá- ya : the 1st semivowel (corresponding to the vowels i and ī, and having the sound of the English y, in Bengal usually pronounced j). ya : m. (in prosody) a bacchic (˘ ¯ ¯), [Piṅg.] ya : the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension [cf. yád and Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ]. ya : m. (in some senses fr. √ 1. yā, only, [L.]) a goer or mover ya : wind ya : joining ya : restraining ya : fame ya : a carriage (?) ya : barley ya : light ya : abandoning 🔎 yá- | pronounSGNACC |
| 5.85.7 | sīm sīm : ind. (originally acc. of a pron. base and connected with sa as kīm with ka) him, her, it, them (employed for all genders, numbers and persons [cf. id; īm, and Gk. μιν, νιν]; and often weakened into a generalizing and emphasizing particle, which may become an enclitic particle after a pronoun or preposition, = περ or cunque, often translatable by ‘ever’), [RV.] 🔎 sīm | sīm sīm : ind. (originally acc. of a pron. base and connected with sa as kīm with ka) him, her, it, them (employed for all genders, numbers and persons [cf. id; īm, and Gk. μιν, νιν]; and often weakened into a generalizing and emphasizing particle, which may become an enclitic particle after a pronoun or preposition, = περ or cunque, often translatable by ‘ever’), [RV.] 🔎 sīm | invariable |
| 5.85.7 | ā́gaḥ | ā́gas- āgas : ā́gas n. transgression, offence, injury, sin, fault, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. āgas : [Gk. ἄγος.] 🔎 ā́gas- | nominal stemSGNACC |
| 5.85.7 | cakr̥má + | √kr̥- kṛ : Ved. I) cl. 2. P. 2. sg. kárṣi du. kṛthás pl. kṛthá; Ā. 2. sg. kṛṣé; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ákar, 3. sg. rarely ákat ([ŚBr. iii], [xi]) ; 3. du. ákartām; pl. ákarma, ákarta (also, [BhP. ix]), ákran (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iv, 2, 80], [Kāś.]); Ā. ákri ([RV. x, 159, 4] and [174, 4]), ákṛthās ([RV. v, 30, 8]), ákṛta ([RV.]); akrātām ([ŚāṅkhŚr.]), ákrata ([RV.]; [AV.]) : Impv. kṛdhí (also, [MBh. i, 5141] and [BhP. viii]), kṛtám, kṛtá; Ā. kṛṣvá, kṛdhvám; Subj. 2. and 3. sg. kar pl. kárma, kárta and kartana, kran; Ā. 3. sg. kṛta ([RV. ix, 69, 5]), 3. pl. kránta ([RV. i, 141, 3]) : Pot. kriyāma ([RV. x, 32, 9]); pr. p. P. (nom. pl.) krántas Ā. krāṇá. II) cl. 1. P. kárasi, kárati, kárathas, káratas, káranti; Ā. kárase, kárate, kárāmahe: impf. ákaram, ákaras, ákarat (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 59]) : Impv. kára, káratam, káratām: Subj. káram, kárāṇi, káras, kárat, kárāma, káran; Ā. karāmahai; pr. p. f. kárantī ([Naigh.]) III) cl. 5. P. kṛṇómi, °ṇóṣi, °ṇóti, kṛṇuthás, kṛṇmás and kṛṇmasi, kṛṇuthá, kṛṇvánti; Ā. kṛṇvé, kṛṇuṣé, kṛṇuté, 3. du. kṛṇvaíte ([RV. vi, 25, 4]); pl. kṛṇmáhe, kṛṇváte: impf. ákṛṇos, ákṛṇot, ákṛṇutam, ákṛṇuta and °ṇotana ([RV. i, 110, 8]), ákṛṇvan; Ā. 3. sg. ákṛṇuta pl. ákṛṇudhvam, ákṛṇvata: Impv. kṛṇú or kṛṇuhí or kṛṇutā́t, kṛṇótu, kṛṇutám, kṛṇutā́m, 2. pl. kṛṇutá or kṛṇóta or kṛṇótana, 3. pl. kṛṇvántu; Ā. kṛṇuṣvá, kṛṇutā́m, kṛṇvā́thām, kṛṇudhvám: Subj. kṛṇávas, °ṇávat or °ṇávāt, kṛṇávāva, °ṇávāma, °ṇávātha, °ṇávatha, °ṇávan; Ā. kṛṇávai (once °ṇavā, [RV. x, 95, 2]), kṛṇavase (also, [ŚvetUp. ii, 7] v.l. °ṇvase), kṛṇavate, kṛṇávāvahai, kṛṇávāmahai, 3. pl. kṛṇávanta ([RV.]) or kṛṇavante or kṛṇvata ([RV.]) : Pot. Ā. kṛṇvītá; pr. p. P. kṛṇvát (f. °vatī́) Ā. kṛṇvāṇá. IV) cl. 8. (this is the usual formation in the Brāhmaṇas; Sūtras, and in classical Sanskṛt) P. karómi (ep. kurmi, [MBh. iii, 10943]; [R. ii, 12, 33]); kurvás, kuruthás, kurutás, kurmás [kulmas in an interpolation after, [RV. x, 128]], kuruthá, kurvánti; Ā. kurvé, &c., 3. pl. kurváte ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 108]-[110]) : impf. akaravam, akaros, akarot, akurva, &c.; Ā. 3. sg. akuruta pl. akurvata: Impv. kuru, karotu (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt, 3. sg. also, [BhP. vi, 4, 34]), kuruta or kurutana ([Nir. iv, 7]); Ā. kuruṣva, kurudhvam, kurvátām: Subj. karavāṇi, karavas, °vāt, °vāva or °vāvas ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 98], [Kāś.]), °vāma or °vāmas ([ib.]), °vātha, °van; Ā. karavai, kuruthās, karavāvahai ([TUp.]; °he, [MBh. iii, 10762]), karavaithe, °vaite ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 95], [Kāś.]), °vāmahai (°he, [MBh.]; [R. i, 18, 12]) : Pot. P. kuryām Ā. kurvīya ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 109] and [110]); pr. p. P. kurvát (f. °vatī́); Ā. kurvāṇá: perf. P. cakā́ra, cakártha, cakṛvá, cakṛmá, cakrá ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 13]); Ā. cakré, cakriré; p. cakṛvas (acc. cakrúṣam, [RV. x, 137, 1]); Ā. cakrāṇa ([Vop.]) : 2nd fut. kariṣyáti; Subj. 2. sg. kariṣyā́s ([RV. iv, 30, 23]); 1st fut. kártā: Prec. kriyāsam: aor. P. Ved. cakaram ([RV. iv, 42, 6]), acakrat ([RV. iv, 18, 12]), ácakriran ([RV. viii, 6, 20]); Ā. 1. sg. kṛske ([RV. x, 49, 7]); Class. akārṣīt ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 1], [Kāś.]; once akāraṣīt, [BhP. i, 10, 1]); Pass. aor. reflex. akāri and akṛta ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 62], [Kāś.]) : Inf. kártum, Ved. kártave, kártavaí, kártos (see ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtvā́, Ved. kṛtvī́ [[RV.]] and kṛtvā́ya [[TS. iv], [v]]; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake, [RV.] &c.; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (gen. or loc.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to execute, carry out (as an order or command), [ib.]; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build, [ib.]; to form or construct one thing out of another (abl. or instr.), [R. i, 2, 44]; [Hit.] &c.; to employ, use, make use of (instr.), [ŚvetUp.]; [Mn. x, 91]; [MBh.] &c.; to compose, describe, [R. i]; to cultivate, [Yājñ. ii, 158] (cf. [Mn. x, 114]); to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (e.g. varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ, ‘they spent ten years’, [MBh. xv, 6]; kṣaṇaṃ kuru, ‘wait a moment’, [MBh.]; cf. kṛtakṣaṇa); to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (acc. or loc. or instr., e.g. ardháṃ-√ kṛ, to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in (gen.; see 2. ardhá); haste or pāṇau-√ kṛ, to take by the hand, marry, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 77]; hṛdayena-√ kṛ, to place in one's heart, love, [Mṛcch.]; hṛdi-√ kṛ, to take to heart, mind, think over, consider, [Rājat. v, 313]; manasi-√ kṛ id., [R. ii, 64, 8]; [Hcar.]; to determine, purpose [ind.p. °si-kṛtvā or °si-kṛtya] [Pāṇ. i, 4, 75]; vaśe-√ kṛ, to place in subjection, become master of [Mn. ii, 100]); to direct the thoughts, mind, &c. (mánas [[RV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.] or buddhim [[Nal. xxvi, 10]] or matim [[MBh.]; [R.]] or bhāvam [[ib.]], &c.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (loc. dat. inf., or a sentence with iti, e.g. mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ, do not turn your mind to grief, [Nal. xiv, 22] ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre, he resolved upon going, [R. i, 9, 55]; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre, he resolved to create a gourd, [MBh. iii, 8844]; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra, he determined to see him, [MBh. iii, 12335]); to think of (acc.), [R. i, 21, 14]; to make, render (with two acc., e.g. ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata, they made the sun their goal, [AitBr. iv, 7]), [RV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with gen. or loc.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; Ā. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume, [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; [Mn. vii, 10] &c.; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dat.), [RV.]; [VS.]; to make liable to (dat.), [RV. iii, 41, 6]; [ŚBr. iv]; to injure, violate (e.g. kanyāṃ-√ kṛ, to violate a maiden), [Mn. viii, 367] and [369]; to appoint, institute, [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; to give an order, commission, [Mn.]; [R. ii, 2, 8]; to cause to get rid of, free from (abl. or -tas), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 49], [Kāś.]; to begin (e.g. cakre śobhayitum purīm, they began to adorn the city), [R. ii, 6, 10]; to proceed, act, put in practice, [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c.; to worship, sacrifice, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn. iii, 210]; to make a sound (svaram or śabdam, [MBh. iii, 11718]; [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; [Hit.]), utter, pronounce (often ifc. with the sounds phaṭ, phut, bhāṇ, váṣaṭ, svadhā́, svā́hā, hiṃ), pronounce any formula ([Mn. ii, 74] and [xi, 33]); (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā) to divide, separate or break up into parts (e.g. dvidhā-√ kṛ, to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā or dvidhā-kṛtya or -kāram, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 62]; sahasradhā-√ kṛ, to break into a thousand pieces); (with adverbs ending in vat) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (e.g. rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā, valuing the kingdom like a straw, [Vet.]); (with adverbs ending in sāt) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (see ātma-sāt, bhasma-sāt), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 52 ff.] The above senses of √ may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-√ kṛ, to contract friendship with; pūjāṃ-√ kṛ, to honour; rājyaṃ-√ kṛ, to reign; snehaṃ-√ kṛ, to show affection; ājñāṃ or nideśaṃ or śāsanaṃ or kāmaṃ or yācanāṃ or vacaḥ or vacanaṃ or vākyaṃ-√ kṛ, to perform any one's command or wish or request &c.; dharmaṃ-√ kṛ, to do one's duty, [Mn. vii, 136]; nakhāni-√ kṛ, ‘to clean one's nails’, see kṛta-nakha; udakaṃ [[Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [R.]; [Daś.]] or salilaṃ [[R. i, 44, 49]] √ , to offer a libation of water to the dead; to perform ablutions; astrāṇi-√ kṛ, to practise the use of weapons, [MBh. iii, 11824]; darduraṃ-√ kṛ, to breathe the flute, [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; daṇḍaṃ-√ kṛ, to inflict punishment &c., [Vet.]; kālaṃ-√ kṛ, to bring one's time to an end i.e. to die; ciraṃ-√ kṛ, to be long in doing anything, delay; manasā (for °si See above) √ , to place in one's mind, think of, meditate, [MBh.]; śirasā-√ kṛ, to place on the head; mūrdhnā-√ kṛ, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in Veda ([AV. xviii, 2, 27]), but commonly in the Brāhmaṇas, Sūtras, and especially in classical Sanskṛt the perf. forms cakāra and cakre auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives, e.g. āsāṃ cakre, ‘he sat down’; gamayā́ṃ cakāra, ‘he caused to go’ [see, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 40]; in Veda some other forms of √ are used in a similar way, viz. pr. karoti, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; impf. akar, [MaitrS.] & [Kāṭh.]; 3. pl. akran, [MaitrS.] & [TBr.]; Prec. kriyāt, [MaitrS.] (see [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 42]); according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 41], also karotu with √ vid]. Caus. kārayati, °te, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double acc., instr. and acc. [see [Pāṇ. i, 4, 53]], e.g. sabhāṃ kāritavān, he caused an assembly to be made, [Hit.]; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya, cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam, he ought to cause the Vaiśya to engage in trade, [Mn. viii, 410]; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā, I shall not be able to have anything done by thee, [MBh. ii, 6]); to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate, [Lāṭy.]; [Yājñ. ii, 158]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, &c. (e.g. taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat, he had the picture placed on the wall in his house, [Kathās. v, 30]), [Mn. viii, 251]. Sometimes the Caus. of √ is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (e.g. padaṃ kārayati, he pronounces a word, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 71], [Kāś.] ; mithyā k°, he pronounces wrongly, [ib.]; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya, treat or deal with Kaikeyī as the king does, [R. ii, 58, 16]) : Desid. cíkīrṣati (aor. 2. sg. acikīrṣīs, [ŚBr. iii]), ep. also °te, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after, [AV. xii, 4, 19]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c.; to wish to sacrifice or worship, [AV. v, 8, 3] : Intens. 3. pl. karikrati (pr. p. kárikrat See [Naigh. ii, 1] and [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 65]), to do repeatedly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; Class. carkarti or carikarti or carīkarti [[Pāṇ. vii, 4, 92], [Kāś.]], also carkarīti or carikarīti or carīkarīti or cekrīyate [ib., Sch.; [Vop.]]; kṛ : [cf. Hib. caraim, ‘I perform, execute’; ceard, ‘an art, trade, business, function’; sucridh, ‘easy’; Old Germ. karawan, ‘to prepare’; Mod. Germ. gar, ‘prepared (as food)’; Lat. creo, ceremonia; κραίνω, κρόνος.] kṛ : cl. 3. P. p. cakrát (Pot. 2. sg. cakriyās; aor. 1. sg. akārṣam [[AV. vii, 7, 1]] or akāriṣam [[RV. iv, 39, 6]]), to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (gen.), [RV.]; [AV.] : Intens. (1. sg. carkarmi, 1. pl. carkirāma, 3. pl. carkiran; Impv. 2. sg. carkṛtā́t and carkṛdhi; aor. 3. sg. Ā. cárkṛṣe) id., [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. kārú, kīrí, kīrtí.) kṛ : to injure, &c. See √ 2. kṝ. kṛ : 2. kṝ (or v.l. ) cl. 5. 9.P. Ā. kṛṇoti, °ṇute, °ṇāti, °ṇīte, to hurt, injure, kill, [Dhātup.]; [Vop. xvi, 2]; kṛṇváti, [Naigh. ii, 19.] 🔎 √kr̥- | rootPLPRFACT1IND |
| 5.85.7 | śiśráthaḥ | √śrathⁱ- śrath : or śranth (cf. √ ślath) cl. 9. P. ([Dhātup. xxxi, 39]) śrathnāti (Ved. also śrathnīte and śṛnthati, and accord. to [Dhātup.] also śrathati, śrāthayati, śranthati, °te; pf. śaśrātha or śaśrantha Gr.; 3. sg. -śaśrathe, [RV.]; 3. pl. śrethuḥ or śaśranthuḥ Gr.; aor. aśranthīt, °thiṣṭa, [ib.]; fut. śranthiṣyati, [ib.]; inf. śrathitum or śranthitum, [ib.]; ind.p. śrathitvā or śranthitvā, [ib.]; -śrathya, [Nir.]), to be loosened or untied or unbent, become loose or slack, yield, give way, [RV.] (cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 89], Sch.); to make slack, disable, disarm, [RV. i, 171, 3]; (Ā.) to loosen one's own (bonds &c.), [AV.]; v.l. for grath, granth: Caus. śratháyati, °te (in Saṃhitāpāṭha also śrathāyati and accord. to Gr. also śrāthayati and śranthayati [cf. below]; aor. aśiśrathat [3. sg. Subj. śiśrathat and 3. pl. Impv. śiśrathantu, [RV.]] or aśaśranthat), to loosen, untie, unbend, slacken, relax (Ā. ‘to become loose, yield’), [RV.]; [AitBr.]; to remit, pardon (sin), [RV.]; (śrāthayati), to strive eagerly, endeavour, use exertion, [Dhātup. xxxii, 13]; to delight, gladden, [ib.]; (śranthayati), to bind, tie, connect, arrange, [Dhātup. xxxiv, 31]; to hurt, kill, [ib.] 🔎 √śrathⁱ- | rootSGAORACT2INJ |
| 5.85.7 | tát tat : for tád. See col. 3. tat : , 1. tatá. See √ tan tat : in comp. for tád. tat : mfn. ifc. See parī- tat : cf. purī-tát. 🔎 tát | sá- ~ tá- sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin). sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯) sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2). sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake sa : air, wind sa : a bird sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva sa : n. knowledge sa : meditation sa : a carriage road sa : a fence. sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá). sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c. sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.] sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’ sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c. sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.] sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2. sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : 🔎 sá- ~ tá- | pronounSGNACC |