kayā : káyā ind. (inst. fem. of 2. ka) in what manner? [RV.]

ka : the first consonant of the alphabet, and the first guttural letter (corresponding in sound to k in keep or king).

ka : ká kas, kā, kim, interrog. pron. (see kim and kad, and cf. the following words in which the interrogative base appears, katama, katara, kati, katham, kadā, karhi, kā, &c.), who? which? what? In its declension follows the pronoun tad except in nom. acc. sing. neut., where kim has taken the place of kad or kat in classical Sanskṛt; but the old form kad is found in the Veda (see [Gram. 227]);

ka : [cf. Zd. ka, kô, kâ, kat; Gk. πόθεν, πῶς, (Ion. κόθεν, κῶς), τίς, τί; Lat. quis, quid; Lith. kas ká; Goth. hvas, hvô, hva, Angl.Sax. hwā, hwaet; Eng. who, what.]

ka : The interrogative sentence introduced by is often terminated by iti (e.g. kasya sa putra iti kathyatām, let it be said, ‘whose son is he?’), but iti may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (e.g. kasya sa putro na jñāyate, it is not known whose son he is). with or without √ 1. as may express ‘how is it possible that?’ ‘what power have I, you, they, &c.?’ (e.g. ke mama dhanvino'nye, what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum, what power have we to rescue you?) is often connected with a demonstrative pron. (e.g. ko 'yam āyāti, who comes here?) or with the potential (e.g. ko hariṃ nindet, who will blame Hari?) is sometimes repeated (e.g. kaḥ ko 'tra, who is there? kān kān, whom? whom? i.e. which of them? cf. [Gram. 54]), and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (e.g. keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam, which book is to be read by whom? [Gram. 836. a]). When kim is connected with the inst. c. of a noun or with the indeclinable participle it may express ‘what is gained by doing so, &c.?’ (= ko'rthas); (e.g. kiṃ vilambena, what is gained by delay? kim bahunā, what is the use of more words? dhanena kiṃ yo na dadāti, what is the use of wealth to him who does not give? with inst. and gen., nīrujaḥ kim auṣadhaiḥ, what is the use of medicine to the healthy?)

ka : is often followed by the particles iva, u, nāma, nu, vā, svid, some of which serve merely to generalize the interrogation (e.g. kim iva etad, what can this be? ka u śravat, who can possibly hear? ko nāma jānāti, who indeed knows? ko nvayam, who, pray, is this? kiṃ nu kāryam, what is to be done? ko vā devād anyaḥ, who possibly other than a god? kasya svid hṛdayaṃ nāsti, of what person is there no heart?)

ka : is occasionally used alone as an indefinite pronoun, especially in negative sentences (e.g. na kasya ko vallabhaḥ, no one is a favourite of any one; nānyo jānāti kaḥ, no one else knows; kathaṃ sa ghātayati kam, how does he kill any one?) Generally, however, is only made indefinite when connected with the particles ca, caná, cid, vā, and ápi, in which case may sometimes be preceded by the relative ya (e.g. ye ke ca, any persons whatsoever; yasyai kasyai ca devatāyai, to any deity whatsoever; yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi, any friends whatsoever; yat kiṃca, whatever). The particle cana, being composed of ca and na, properly gives a negative force to the pronoun (e.g. yasmād indrād ṛte kiṃcana, without which Indra there is nothing), but the negative sense is generally dropped (e.g. kaścana, any one; na kaścana, no one), and a relative is sometimes connected with it (e.g. yat kiṃcana, anything whatsoever). Examples of cid with the interrogative are common; vā and api are not so common, but the latter is often found in classical Sanskṛt (e.g. kaścid, any one; kecid, some; na kaścid, no one; na kiṃcid api, nothing whatsoever; yaḥ kaścid, any one whatsoever; kecit — kecit, some — others; yasmin kasmin vā deśe, in any country whatsoever; na ko 'pi, no one; na kimapi, nothing whatever). may sometimes be used, like 2. kad, at the beginning of a compound. See ka-pūya, &c.

ka : ká as, m. (according to native authorities) N. of Prajāpati or of a Prajāpati, [VS. xx, 4]; [xxii, 20]; [TS. i]; [ŚBr.] &c.

ka : of Brahman, [MBh. i, 32]; [BhP. iii, 12, 51]; [xii, 13, 19]; [20]

ka : of Dakṣa, [BhP. ix, 10, 10]

ka : of Viṣṇu, [L.]

ka : of Yama, [L.]

ka : of Garuḍa

ka : the soul, [Tattvas.]

ka : a particular comet, [VarBṛS.]

ka : the sun, [L.]

ka : fire, [L.]

ka : splendour, light, [L.]

ka : air, [L.]

ka : a peacock, [L.]

ka : the body, [L.]

ka : time, [L.]

ka : wealth, [L.]

ka : sound, [L.]

ka : a king, [L.]

ka : = kāma-granthi (?)

ka : ká (am), n. happiness, joy, pleasure, [ChUp. iv, 10, 5]; [Nir.] &c.

ka : water, [MaitrS. i, 10, 10]; [ŚBr. x]; [Yājñ.] &c.

ka : the head

ka : hair, a head of hair, [L.]

ka : ká n. (also regarded as ind.; cf. 1. kam.)

ka : a Taddhita affix (much used in forming adjectives; it may also be added to nouns to express diminution, deterioration, or similarity, e.g. putraka, a little son; aśvaka, a bad horse or like a horse).

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

agni : agní m. (√ ag, [Uṇ.]) fire, sacrificial fire (of three kinds, Gārhapatya, Āhavanīya, and Dakṣiṇa)

agni : the number three, [Sūryas.]

agni : the god of fire, the fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluid

agni : bile, [L.]

agni : gold, [L.]

agni : N. of various plants Semecarpus Anacardium, [Suśr.], Plumbago Zeylanica and Rosea, Citrus Acida

agni : mystical substitute for the letter r

agni : in the Kātantra grammar N. of noun-stems ending in i and u

agni : (also) = next, [ĀpŚr.]

agni : [cf. Lat. ignì-s; Lith. ugni-s; Slav. ognj].

ṛtena : ṛténa (éna), ind. right, duly, properly, regularly, lawfully, according to usage or right, [RV.]; [AV.]

ṛtena : truly, sincerely, indeed, [RV.]; [MBh. i.]

ṛta : ṛtá mf(A)n. met with, afflicted by (with instr.), [TS. v]

ṛta : proper, right, fit, apt, suitable, able, brave, honest, [RV.]; [VS. xvii, 82]

ṛta : true, [MBh.]; [BhP.]; [Mn. viii, 82]; [87]; [Bhag.] &c.

ṛta : worshipped, respected, [L.]

ṛta : enlightened, luminous, [L.]

ṛta : ṛtá (as), m. N. of a Rudra, [MBh.]

ṛta : of a son of Manu Cākṣuṣa, [BhP. iv, 13, 16]

ṛta : of a son of Vijaya, [VP.]

ṛta : ṛtá (am), n. fixed or settled order, law, rule (esp. in religion)

ṛta : sacred or pious action or custom, divine law, faith, divine truth (these meanings are given by, [BRD.] and are generally more to be accepted than those of native authorities and marked, [L.] below), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.

ṛta : truth in general, righteousness, right, [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; [Mn. viii, 61]; [104]; [Pañcat.] &c.

ṛta : figuratively said of gleaning (as the right means of a Brāhman's obtaining a livelihood as opposed to agriculture, which is anṛta), [Mn. iv, 4 ff.]

ṛta : promise, oath, vow, [TāṇḍyaBr.]; [Lāṭy.]

ṛta : truth personified (as an object of worship, and hence enumerated among the sacred objects in the [Nir.])

ṛta : water, [L.]

ṛta : sacrifice, [L.]

ṛta : a particular sacrifice, [L.]

ṛta : the sun, [L.]

ṛta : wealth, [L.]

ṛta : ṛti, ṛtu See p. 223, col. 2 — p. 224, col. 1.

bhū : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. i, 1]) bhávati (rarely Ā. °te; pf. babhū́va, 2. pers. °ū́tha or °ūvitha cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 64]; babhūyās, °yā́r, babhūtu, [RV.]; Ā. babhūve or bubhūve, [Vop.]; cf. below; aor. ábhūt, °ūvan; Impv. bodhí [cf. √ budh], bhūtu, [RV.]; aor. or impf. ábhuvat, bhúvat, bhuvāni, [ib.]; Prec. bhūyāsam, 2. 3. sg. °yās, [ib.] ; bhūyāt, [AV.]; bhūyiṣṭhās, [BhP.]; bhaviṣāt [?] [AitBr.]; abhaviṣṭa, bhaviṣīṣta. Gr.; fut. bhaviṣyáti, ep. also °te and 2. pl. °ṣyadhvam; bhavitā, [Br.] &c.; inf. bhuvé, -bhvé, bhūṣáṇi, [RV.]; bhavitum, °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. bhūtvā́; bhūtvī́, [RV.]; -bhū́ya, [RV.] &c.; -bhū́yam, -bhávam, [Br.]), to become, be (with nom., or adv. or indeclinable words ending in ī or ū cf. kṛṣṇī-√ bhū &c.), arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur, [RV.] &c. &c. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms; with a fut. p. = to be going or about to, e.g. anuvakṣyan bhavati, he is going to recite, [ŚBr.]; the fut. of √ with a pf. p. = a fut. pf., e.g. kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi, you will have done, [MBh.]; the pf. P. babhūva after the syllable ām is put for the pf. of verbs of the 10th class &c. [cf. √ as and √ kṛ]; the Ā. appears in this meaning, [Śiś. ix, 84]; [Kum. xiv, 46]; observe also bhavati with a fut. tense, it is possible that, e.g. bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati, it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed, [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 146], Sch.; bhavet, may be, granted, admitted, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 114]; bhavatu id., well, good, enough of this, [Kāv.]; [Hit.]; iticed bhavet, if this question should be asked, [Mn. x, 66]; kva tad bhavati, what is to become of this, it is quite useless, [TBr.]; with na = to cease to exist, perish, die, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; with iha na, not to be born on earth, [MBh.]; with śata-dhā, to fall into a hundred pieces, [MBh.]; with dūrataḥ, to keep aloof, [ŚārṅgP.]; with manasi or cetasi and gen., to occur to the mind of any one, [Kād.]; id. with gen. alone, [Lalit.]); to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (cf. ‘esse alicujus’; with gen., rarely dat. or loc. accord. to [Vop.] also with pari or prati and preceding acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to be on the side of, assist (with gen. or -tas), [MBh. 1301] (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 48], Sch.); to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dat. of thing), [RV.] &c. &c. (with phalāya. to bear fruit, [Kām.]); to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with loc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.]; to thrive or prosper in (instr.), turn out well, succeed, [RV.]; [TS.]; [Br.]; to be of consequence or useful, [Mn. iii, 181]; (also Ā. [Dhātup. xxxiv, 37]) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain, [Br.]; [MBh.]; (with idám) to obtain it i.e. be successful or fortunate, [TS.] : Pass. bhūyate (or °ti, [Up.]; aor. abhāvi) sometimes used impers., e.g. yair bhaviṣyate, by whom it will be existed i.e. who will be, [Rājat.] : Caus. bhāvayati (rarely °te; aor. abībhavat Gr.; inf. bhāvitum, [R.]; Pass. bhāvyate &c., [MBh.]), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create, [Pur.]; [Sāh.]; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further, [AitUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (acc.), [MBh.]; [HYog.]; to subdue, control, [R.]; (also Ā. [Dhātup. xxxiv, 37]) to obtain, [Jaim.], Sch.; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray, [MBh.]; [Kām.]; [Daś.]; to purify, [BhP.]; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume, [Kauś.]; [Suśr.] (cf. bhāvita, p. 755, col. 1) : Desid. of Caus. bibhāvayiṣati ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 80], Sch.), to wish to cause to be &c., [Br.] : Desid. búbhūṣati (°te), to wish or strive to become or be, [RV.] &c. &c.; (with kṣipram), to strive to be quickly possessed, [MBh.]; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed, [TS.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; to want to take revenge, [BhP.] : Intens. bóbhavīti, bobhavati, bobhoti, bobhūyate, to be frequently, to be in the habit of [BhP.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to be transformed into (acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; (with tiraḥ), to keep anything (instr.) secret, [ŚBr.]

bhū : [cf. Zd. bū; Gk. ϕύω, ἔϕυν; Lat. fuit, fuat &c.; Slav. byti; Lith. búti; Germ. bim, bin; Angl.Sax. beó; Eng. be.]

bhū : bhū́ mfn. becoming, being, existing, springing, arising (ifc.; cf. akṣi-, giri-, citta-, padmabhū &c.)

bhū : bhū́ m. N. of Viṣṇu, [MBh. xii, 1509] ([Nīlak.])

bhū : of an Ekāha, [ŚrS.]

bhū : bhū́ f. the act of becoming or arising, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 31]

bhū : the place of being, space, world or universe (also pl.), [RV.]; [AV.]

bhū : the earth (as constituting one of the 3 worlds, and therefore a symbolical N. for the number ‘one’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

bhū : one of the three Vyāhṛtis (see bhúvas, bhūr, pp. 760 and 763)

bhū : earth (as a substance), ground, soil, land, landed property, [ib.]

bhū : floor, pavement, [Megh.]

bhū : a place, spot, piece of ground, [RV.] &c. &c.

bhū : the base of any geometrical figure, [Āryabh.]

bhū : object, matter (see vivādasaṃvāda-bhū)

bhū : a term for the letter l, [RāmatUp.]

bhū : a sacrificial fire, [L.]

bhū : (also) a partic. land-measure, [Inscr.]

ucatha : ucátha n. (fr. √ vac), verse, praise, [RV.]

navyas : návyas mfn. = návīyas, [RV.] (gen. pl. °sīnām for °sām, [v, 53, 10]; [58, 1])

navyas : návyas ind. recently, lately; anew, [ib.]

veda : m. (fr. √ vid, q.v.) knowledge, true or sacred knowledge or lore, knowledge of ritual, [RV.]; [AitBr.]

veda : N. of certain celebrated works which constitute the basis of the first period of the Hindū religion (these works were primarily three, viz. 1. the Ṛg-veda, 2. the Yajur-veda [of which there are, however, two divisions See taittirīya-saṃhitā, vājasaneyi-saṃhitā], 3. the Sāma-veda ; these three works are sometimes called collectively trayī, ‘the triple Vidyā’ or ‘threefold knowledge’, but the Ṛg-veda is really the only original work of the three, and much the most ancient [the oldest of its hymns being assigned by some who rely on certain astronomical calculations to a period between 4000 and 2500 B.C., before the settlement of the Āryans in India; and by others who adopt a different reckoning to a period between 1400 and 1000 B.C., when the Āryans had settled down in the Panjāb]; subsequently a fourth Veda was added, called the Atharva-veda, which was probably not completely accepted till after Manu, as his law-book often speaks of the three Vedas-calling them trayam brahma sanātanam, ‘the triple eternal Veda’, but only once [[xi, 33]] mentions the revelation made to Atharvan and Aṅgiras, without, however, calling it by the later name of Atharva-veda; each of the four Vedas has two distinct parts, viz. 1. Mantra, i.e. words of prayer and adoration often addressed either to fire or to some form of the sun or to some form of the air, sky, wind &c., and praying for health, wealth, long life, cattle, offspring, victory, and even forgiveness of sins, and 2. Brāhmaṇa, consisting of Vidhi and Artha-vāda, i.e. directions for the detail of the ceremonies at which the Mantras were to be used and explanations of the legends &c. connected with the Mantras [see brāhmaṇa, vidhi], both these portions being termed śruti, revelation orally communicated by the Deity, and heard but not composed or written down by men [cf. [IW. 24] &c.], although it is certain that both Mantras and Brāhmaṇas were compositions spread over a considerable period, much of the latter being comparatively modern; as the Vedas are properly three, so the Mantras are properly of three forms, 1. Ṛc, which are verses of praise in metre, and intended for loud recitation; 2. Yajus, which are in prose, and intended for recitation in a lower tone at sacrifices; 3. Sāman, which are in metre, and intended for chanting at the Soma or Moon-plant ceremonies, the Mantras of the fourth or Atharva-veda having no special name; but it must be borne in mind that the Yajur and Sāma-veda hymns, especially the latter, besides their own Mantras, borrow largely from the Ṛg-veda; the Yajur-veda and Sāma-veda being in fact not so much collections of prayers and hymns as special prayer- and hymn-books intended as manuals for the Adhvaryu and Udgātṛ priests respectively [see yajur-veda, sāma-veda]; the Atharva-veda, on the other hand, is, like the Ṛg-veda, a real collection of original hymns mixed up with incantations, borrowing little from the Ṛg and having no direct relation to sacrifices, but supposed by mere recitation to produce long life, to cure diseases, to effect the ruin of enemies &c.; each of the four Vedas seems to have passed through numerous Śākhās or schools, giving rise to various recensions of the text, though the Ṛg-veda is only preserved in the Śākala recension, while a second recension, that of the Bhāṣkalas, is only known by name; a tradition makes Vyāsa the compiler and arranger of the Vedas in their present form: they each have an Index or Anukramaṇī [q.v.], the principal work of this kind being the general Index or Sarvānukramaṇī [q.v.]; out of the Brāhmaṇa portion of the Veda grew two other departments of Vedic literature, sometimes included under the general name Veda, viz. the strings of aphoristic rules, called Sūtras [q.v.], and the mystical treatises on the nature of God and the relation of soul and matter, called Upaniṣad [q.v.], which were appended to the Āraṇyakas [q.v.], and became the real Veda of thinking Hindūs, leading to the Darśanas or systems of philosophy; in the later literature the name of ‘fifth Veda’ is accorded to the Itihāsas or legendary epic poems and to the Purāṇas, and certain secondary Vedas or Upa-vedas [q.v.] are enumerated; the Vedāṅgas or works serving as limbs [for preserving the integrity] of the Veda are explained under vedāṅga below: the only other works included under the head of Veda being the Pariśiṣṭas, which supply rules for the ritual omitted in the Sūtras; in the Bṛhad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣad the Vedas are represented as the breathings of Brahmā, while in some of the Purāṇas the four Vedas are said to have issued out of the four mouths of the four-faced Brahmā and in the Viṣṇu-Purāṇa the Veda and Viṣṇu are identified), [RTL. 7] &c.; [IW. 5]; [24] &c.

veda : N. of the number ‘four’, [VarBṛS.] [Śrutab.]

veda : feeling, perception, [ŚBr.]

veda : = vṛtta (v.l. vitta), [L.] (cf. 2. ).

veda : m. (fr. √ 3. vid) finding, obtaining, acquisition (see su-v°)

veda : property, goods, [ĀśvGṛ.]

veda : vedá m. (perhaps connected with √ 1. ve, to weave or bind together) a tuft or bunch of strong grass (Kuśa or Muñja) made into a broom (and used for sweeping, making up the sacrificial fire &c., in rites), [AV.] MS. [Br.]; [ŚrS.]; [Mn.]

veda : m. N. of a pupil of Āyoda, [MBh.]

vid : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 56]) vetti (vidmahe, [Br.]; vedati, °te, [Up.]; [MBh.]; vidáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; vindati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; Impv. vidāṃ-karotu, [Pañcat.] [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 41]]; 1. sg. impf. avedam, 2. sg. avet or aves [[Pāṇ. viii, 2, 75]] [RV.] &c. &c.; 3. pl. avidus, [Br.] [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 109]]; avidan, [MBh.] &c.; pf. véda [often substituted for pr. vetti cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 83]], 3. pl. vidús or vidre, [RV.]; viveda, [MBh.] &c.; vidāṃcakā́ra, [Br.] &c. [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 38]; accord. to [Vop.] also vidām-babhūva]; aor. avedīt, [ib.]; vidām-akran, [TBr.]; fut. veditā́, [ŚBr.]; vettā, [MBh.] fut. vediṣyati, °te, [Br.]; [Up.]; vetsyati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; inf. véditum, °tos, [Br.]; vettum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. viditvā́, [Br.] &c.), to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of, have a correct notion of (with acc., in older, language also with gen.; with inf. = to know how to), [RV.] &c. &c. (viddhi yathā, ‘know that’; vidyāt, ‘one should know’, ‘it should be understood’; ya evam veda [in [Br.]], ‘who knows thus’, ‘who has this knowledge’); to know or regard or consider as, take for, declare to be, call (esp. in 3. pl. vidus, with two acc. or with acc. and nom. with iti, e.g. taṃ sthaviraṃ viduḥ, ‘they consider or call him aged’; rājarṣir iti māṃ viduḥ, ‘they consider me a Rājarṣi’), [Up.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to mind, notice, observe, remember (with gen. or acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; to experience, feel (acc. or gen.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to wish to know, inquire about (acc.), [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] : Caus. vedáyate (rarely °ti; aor. avīvidat; Pass. vedyate), to make known, announce, report, tell, [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to teach, explain, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [Nir.]; to recognize or regard as, take for (two acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to feel, experience, [ŚBr.]; [Mn.] &c.: Desid. of Caus. in vivedayiṣu, q.v.: Desid. vividiṣati or vivitsati, to wish to know or learn, inquire about (acc.), [ŚBr.]; &c. : Intens. vevidyate, vevetti Gr.

vid : [cf. Gk. εἶδον for ἐϝιδον, οἶδα for ϝοιδα = veda; Lat. videre; Slav. věděti; Goth. witan, wait; Germ. wizzan, wissen; Angl.Sax. wât; Eng. wot.]

vid : víd mfn. knowing, understanding, a knower (mostly ifc.; superl. vit-tama), [KaṭhUp.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

vid : víd m. the planet Mercury, [VarBṛS.] (cf. 2. jña)

vid : víd f. knowledge understanding, [RV.]; [KauṣUp.]

vid : (pl.), [Bhām.]

vid : (originally identical with √ 1. ) cl. 6. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 138]) vindáti, °te (Ved. also vitté, vidé; p. vidāná or vidāna [q.v.]; ep. 3. pl. vindate Pot. vindyāt, often = vidyāt; pf. vivéda [3. pl. vividus Subj. vividat], vividvás, 3. pl. vividre, vidré, [RV.] &c. &c.; p. vividvás, [RV.]; vividivas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68]; aor. ávidat, °data, [ib.] 3. [Ved. Subj. vidā́si, °dā́t; Pot. vidét, deta, [VS.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; sg. videṣṭa, [AV. ii, 36, 3]]; Ā. 1. sg. avitsi, [RV.]; [Br.]; fut. vettā, vediṣyati Gr.; vetsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. vidé, [RV.]; vettum, [MBh.] &c.; véttave, [AV.]; °ttavai [?] and °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. vittvā́, [AV.]; [Br.]; -vidya, [Br.] &c.), to find, discover, meet or fall in with, obtain, get, acquire, partake of, possess, [RV.] &c. &c. (with diśas, to find out the quarters of the sky, [MBh.]) ; to get or procure for (dat.), [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to seek out, look for, attend to, [RV.] &c. &c.; to feel, experience, [Cāṇ.]; to consider as, take for (two acc.), [Kāv.]; to come upon, befall, seize, visit, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; to contrive, accomplish, perform, effect, produce, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; (Ā. mc. also P.) to take to wife, marry (with or scil. bhāryām), [RV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to find (a husband), marry (said of a woman), [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; to obtain (a son, with or scil. sutam), [BhP.] : Pass. or Ā. vidyáte (ep. also °ti; p. vidyamāna [q.v.]; aor. avedi), to be found, exist, be, [RV.] &c. &c.; (esp. in later language) vidyate, ‘there is, there exists’, often with na, ‘there is not’; with bhoktum, ‘there is something to eat’; followed by a fut., ‘is it possible that?’, [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 146], Sch.; yathā-vidé, ‘as it happens’ i.e. ‘as usual’, ‘as well as possible’, [RV. i, 127, 4] &c. : Caus. vedayati, to cause to find &c., [MBh.] : Desid. vividiṣati or vivitsati, °te Gr. (cf. vivitsita) : Intens. vevidyate, vevetti, [ib.] (for p. vévidat and °dāna See vi- and saṃ√ vid).

vid : (ifc.) finding, acquiring, procuring (see anna-, aśva-, ahar-vid &c.)

vid : cl. 7. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxix, 13]) vintte, to consider as, take for (two acc.), [Bhaṭṭ.]

me : cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 65]) mayate (ep. also P. mayati; pf. mame Gr.; aor. amāsta, [ib.]; fut. mātā, māsyate, [ib.]; ind.p. -mitya or -māya, [ib.]). to exchange, barter (cf. apa-. and ni-√ me) : Caus. māpayati, [ib.] : Desid. mitsate, [ib.] : Intens. memīyate, māmeti, māmāti, [ib.]

me : (onomat.) imitative of the sound of a bleating goat (me-me-√ kṛ, to bleat), [Kāv.]

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

deva : devá mf(I)n. (fr. 3. div) heavenly, divine (also said of terrestrial things of high excellence), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] (superl. m. devá-tama, [RV. iv, 22, 3] &c.; f. devi-tamā, [ii, 41, 16])

deva : devá m. (according to [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 120] déva) a deity, god, [RV.] &c. &c.

deva : (rarely applied to) evil demons, [AV. iii, 15, 5]; [TS. iii, 5, 4, 1]

deva : (pl. the gods as the heavenly or shining ones; víśve devā́s, all the gods, [RV. ii, 3, 4] &c., or a partic. class of deities [see under víśva], often reckoned as 33, either 11 for each of the 3 worlds, [RV. i, 139, 11] &c. [cf. tri-daśa], or 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras, and 12 Ādityas [to which the 2 Aśvins must be added] [Br.]; cf. also, [Divyāv. 68]; with Jainas 4 classes, viz. bhavanādhīśa, vyantara, jyotiṣka, and vaimānika; devā́nām pátnyas, the wives of the gods, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.] [cf. deva-patnī below])

deva : N. of the number 33 (see above), [Gaṇit.]

deva : N. of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.

deva : a cloud, [L.]

deva : (with Jainas) the 22nd Arhat of the future Ut-sarpiṇī

deva : the image of a god, an idol, [Viṣṇ.]

deva : a god on earth or among men, either Brāhman, priest, [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. bhū-d°), or king, prince (as a title of honour, esp. in the voc. ‘your majesty’ or ‘your honour’; also ifc., e.g. śrī-harṣa-d°, vikramāṅka-d°, king Śrī-h° or Vikr°, and in names as puruṣottama-d° [lit. having Viṣṇu as one's deity; cf. atithi-d°, ācārya-d°, pitṛ-d°, mātṛ-d°]; rarely preceding the name, e.g. deva-caṇḍamahāsena, [Kathās. xiii, 48]), [Kāv.]; [Pañc.] &c. (cf. kṣiti-, nara-, &c.)

deva : a husband's brother (cf. devṛ and devara), [W.]

deva : a fool, dolt, [L.]

deva : a child, [L.]

deva : a man following any partic. line or business, [L.]

deva : a spearman, lancer, [L.]

deva : emulation, wish to excel or overcome, [L.]

deva : sport, play, [L.]

deva : a sword, [Gal.]

deva : N. of men, [VP.]

deva : of a disciple of Nāgārjuna, [MWB. 192]

deva : dimin. for devadatta, [Pāṇ. v, 3, 83], Vārtt. 4, Sch.

deva : devá n. ([L.]) an organ of sense, [MuṇḍUp. iii, 1, 8]; [2, 7]

deva : [cf. Lat. dīvus, deus; Lit. dë́vas; Old Pruss. deiwas.]

ṛtupā : ṛtu—pā́ mfn. drinking the libation at the right time, [RV.]

ṛtu : ṛtú (us), m. ([Uṇ. i, 72]) any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (esp. for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit time, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

ṛtu : an epoch, period (esp. a division or part of the year), season (the number of the divisions of the year is in ancient times, three, five, six, seven, twelve, thirteen, and twenty-four; in later time six seasons are enumerated, viz. Vasanta, ‘spring’; Grīṣma, ‘the hot season’; Varṣās (f. pl. nom.), ‘the rainy season’ Śarad, ‘autumn’; Hemanta, ‘winter’; and Śiśira, ‘the cool season’; the seasons are not unfrequently personified, addressed in Mantras, and worshipped by libations), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] &c., [MBh.]; [Mn.] &c.

ṛtu : symbolical expression for the number six, [VarBṛS.]; [Sūryas.] &c.

ṛtu : the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses (favourable for procreation; according to [Bhpr.] sixteen days after their appearance), [Suśr.]; [MBh.]; [Mn.] &c.

ṛtu : sexual union at the above time, [Mn. ix, 93]; [MBh.]

ṛtu : fixed order, order, rule [[BRD.]], [RV. i, 162, 19]

ṛtu : light, splendour, [L.]

ṛtu : a particular mineral, [L.]

ṛtu : N. of a Ṛṣi

ṛtu : of the twelfth Manu.

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

pati : páti m. (cf. √ pat; when uncompounded and meaning ‘husband’ instr. pátyā; dat. pátye; gen. abl. pátyur; loc. pátyau; but when meaning ‘lord, master’, and ifc. regularly inflected with exceptions; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 8]; [9]) a master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign, [RV.] &c. &c.

pati : a husband, [ib.] (in comp. either with the stem or with the gen., e.g. duhitṛ-p° or °tuḥ-p°, [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 24]; when mfn. f. = m., e.g. -jīvat-patyā tvayā, [R. ii, 24, 8], or patikā, e.g. pramīta-patikā, [Mn. ix, 68])

pati : one of the 2 entities (with pāśupatás), [RTL. 89]

pati : a root, [L.]

pati : páti f. a female possessor, mistress, [Pāṇ. iv, 1, 33], Sch.

pati : a wife (vṛddha-p° = -patnī, the wife of an old man, [ib.] [34], Sch.)

pati : f. = gati, going, motion.

pati : [cf. Gk. πόσις, ‘husband’; Lat. potis, pos-sum for potis-sum; Lith. patìs, ‘husband’; Goth. (bruth-)faths, ‘bridegroom’]

ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

rayi : rayí m. or (rarely) f. (fr. √ rā; the following forms occur in the Veda, rayis, °yím, °yibhis, °yīṇām; rayyā́, °yyaí, °yyā́m; cf. 2. rai), property, goods, possessions, treasure, wealth (often personified), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [Br.]; [ŚrS.]; [ChUp.]

rayi : stuff, materials, [PraśnUp.]

rayi : v.l. for raji, q.v.

rayi : rayí mfn. (?) rich, [RV. viii, 31, 11]; [ix, 101, 7.]