2.3.10
वन॒स्पति॑रवसृ॒जन्नुप॑ स्थाद॒ग्निर्ह॒विः सू॑दयाति॒ प्र धी॒भिः
त्रिधा॒ सम॑क्तं नयतु प्रजा॒नन्दे॒वेभ्यो॒ दैव्यः॑ शमि॒तोप॑ ह॒व्यम्
2.3.10
vánaspátir avasr̥jánn úpa sthād
agnír havíḥ sūdayāti prá dhībhíḥ
trídhā sámaktaṃ nayatu prajānán
devébhyo daívyaḥ śamitópa havyám
2.3.10
vanaspatiḥfrom vánaspáti-
from √sr̥j-
from úpa
from √sthā-
from agní-
from havís-
from √sūd-
from prá
from dhī́-
from trídhā
from √añj-
from √nī-
from √jñā-
from devá-
from úpa
from havyá-
2.3.10
Vanaspati shall stand anear and start us, and Agni with his arts prepare oblation. Let the skilled heavenly Immolator forward unto the Gods the offering thrice anointed.
2.3.10
1 May the tree (i. e. the sacrificial post) stand by, letting loose (the offering which goes to the gods). May Agni make the offering ready in consequence of our prayers. May the prescient divine butcher carry the thrice-anointed offering to the gods.
| Source index | Surface | Lemma | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.3.10 | vánaspátiḥ | vánaspáti- vanaspati : vána-s-páti (vánas-), m. (vanas prob. a form of the gen.; cf. 2. van and ráthas-páti) ‘king of the wood’, a forest-tree (esp. a large tree bearing fruit apparently without blossoms, as several species of the fig, the jack tree &c., but also applied to any tree), [RV.] &c. &c. vanaspati : a stem, trunk, beam, timber, post (esp. the sacrificial post), [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.] vanaspati : ‘lord of plants’, the Soma plant, [ib.]; [GṛS.]; [BhP.] vanaspati : the Indian fig-tree, [L.] vanaspati : Bignonia Suaveolens, [L.] vanaspati : an offering made to the sacrificial post, [ŚBr.]; [ŚrS.] vanaspati : anything made of wood (esp. partic. parts of a car or carriage, a wooden drum, a wooden amulet, a block on which criminals are executed, a coffin &c.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] vanaspati : an ascetic, [W.] vanaspati : N. of Viṣṇu, [Viṣṇ.] vanaspati : of a son of Ghṛta-pṛṣṭha, [BhP.] vanaspati : du. pestle and mortar, [RV. i, 28, 6] vanaspati : vána-s-páti f. N. of a Gandharvī, [Kāraṇḍ.] vanaspati : vána-s-páti n. N. of the Varṣa ruled by Vanas-pati, [BhP.] vanaspati : vánas-páti See col. 1. 🔎 vánaspáti- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 2.3.10 | avasr̥ján | √sr̥j- sṛj : (cf. √ 2. sarj) cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 121]) sṛjáti (Ved. and ep. also °te, and once in [AV.] sárjati; pf. sasarja, sasṛjé [2. sg. accord. to [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 65], sasarjitha and sasraṣṭha, in [BhP.] once sasarktha]; Vedic forms are sasṛjmáhe, °jrire, sasṛjyāt, asasṛgram; p. sasṛjāná, q.v.; sasṛgmáhe; aor. asrākṣīt; ásṛkṣi, ásṛṣṭa [Ved. also ásṛgram or °ran; ásarji; asrāk, asrāṭ; srās; srakṣat; p. sṛjāná, q.v.] [ib.] ; fut. sraṣṭā, [PañcavBr.]; srakṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. sraṣṭum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. sṛṣṭvā, [Br.]; -sṛ́jya, [ib.] &c.; -sárgam or -sárjam, [Br.]), to let go or fly, discharge, throw, cast, hurl at (acc. or dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to cast or let go (a measuring line), [RV.]; to emit, pour forth, shed, cause to flow (rain, streams &c.), [ib.] &c. &c.; to utter (a sound), [Kathās.]; to turn or direct (glances), [Kum.]; to let loose, cause (horses) to go quickly; Ā. ‘to speed, run, hasten’, [RV.]; to release, set free, [ib.]; [AV.]; [Kauś.]; to open (a door), [Kauś.]; to publish, proclaim, [AitBr.]; to draw out and twist (a thread), twist, wind, spin (lit. and fig.; Ā. sṛjyate, ‘for one's self’; cf. [Pat.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 87], Vārtt. 15, and [Dhātup. xxvi, 69]), [TS.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ŚrS.]; (in older language only Ā.) to emit from one's self, i.e. create, procreate, produce, beget, [RV.] &c. &c.; to procure, grant, bestow, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to use, employ, [Rājat.]; to get, acquire, obtain, take (interest on money lent), [Mn. viii, 140]; to hang on, fasten to (loc.), [MBh. iii, 2218] (perhaps asṛjat, w.r. for asajat; see √ sañj) : Pass. sṛjyate (aor. ásarji), to be let loose or emitted or created, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. sarjayati, °te (aor. asasarjat or asīsṛjat), to cause to let loose, let go, create &c., [Br.] &c.: Desid. sisṛkṣati, °te, to wish to send forth or hurl or throw, [Hariv.]; (Ā.) to wish to produce or create, [Kāṭh.]; [BhP.] : Intens. sarīsṛjyate, sarīsṛṣṭi &c. Gr. sṛj : (ifc.) letting loose, emitting, discharging, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. sṛj : producing, creating, begetting (also with gen.), [Inscr.]; [MBh.]; [Rājat.] 🔎 √sr̥j- | rootSGMNOMPRSACTnon-finite:PTCPlocal particle:LP |
| 2.3.10 | úpa upa : úpa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (e.g. upa-√ gam, to go near, undergo; upa-gamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayur upa = upāyayuḥ, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (e.g. upa-kaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upa-purāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa; upa-daśa, nearly ten) upa : sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (e.g. upa-mūlam, at the root; upa-pūrva-rātram, towards the beginning of night; upa-kūpe, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (e.g. upakūpa-jalāśaya, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well) upa : prefixed to proper names may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ (e.g. upendra, ‘the younger brother of Indra’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (e.g. tatropa brahma yo veda, who further knows the Brahman), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [PārGṛ.] (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc., e.g. upa āśāḥ, towards the regions) upa : near to, at, on, upon upa : at the time of, upon, up to, in, above (with loc., e.g. upa sānuṣu, on the tops of the mountains) upa : with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst., e.g. upa dharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] , besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.; upa : [cf. Zd. upa; Gk. ὑπό; Lat. sub; Goth. uf; Old Germ. oba; Mod. Germ. ob in Obdach, obliegen, &c.] 🔎 úpa | úpa upa : úpa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (e.g. upa-√ gam, to go near, undergo; upa-gamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayur upa = upāyayuḥ, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (e.g. upa-kaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upa-purāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa; upa-daśa, nearly ten) upa : sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (e.g. upa-mūlam, at the root; upa-pūrva-rātram, towards the beginning of night; upa-kūpe, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (e.g. upakūpa-jalāśaya, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well) upa : prefixed to proper names may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ (e.g. upendra, ‘the younger brother of Indra’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (e.g. tatropa brahma yo veda, who further knows the Brahman), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [PārGṛ.] (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc., e.g. upa āśāḥ, towards the regions) upa : near to, at, on, upon upa : at the time of, upon, up to, in, above (with loc., e.g. upa sānuṣu, on the tops of the mountains) upa : with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst., e.g. upa dharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] , besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.; upa : [cf. Zd. upa; Gk. ὑπό; Lat. sub; Goth. uf; Old Germ. oba; Mod. Germ. ob in Obdach, obliegen, &c.] 🔎 úpa | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 2.3.10 | sthāt | √sthā- sthā : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 30]) tíṣṭhati, °te (pf. tasthaú, tasthe, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. ásthāt, ásthita, [ib.]; 3. pl. asthiran, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; āsthat [?] [AV.]; asthiṣi, °ṣata, [Br.] &c.; Subj. sthāti, sthā́thaḥ, [RV.]; Prec. stheyāt, [ib.]; stheṣam, °ṣuḥ [?] [AV.]; sthāsīṣṭa Gr.; fut. sthātā, [MBh.] &c.; sthāsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. sthā́tum, [ib.]; °tos, [Br.]; [GṛŚrS.]; -sthitum, [R.]; ind.p. sthitvā, [MBh.] &c.; -sthā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.; -sthāyam, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to stand, stand firmly, station one's self, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on (with pādābhyām, ‘to stand on the feet’; with jānubhyām, ‘to kneel’; with agre or agratas and gen., ‘to stand or present one's self before’; with puras and with or without gen., ‘to stand up against an enemy &c.’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action (e.g. with kanyā, ‘to remain a girl or unmarried’; with tūṣṇīm or with maunena instr. ‘to remain silent’; with sukham, ‘to continue or feel well’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with loc.; e.g. with rājye, ‘to continue governing’; with śāsane, ‘to practise obedience’; with bale, ‘to exercise power’; with sva-dharme, ‘to do one's duty’; with sva-karmaṇi, ‘to keep to one's own business’; with saṃśaye, ‘to persist in doubting’; also with ind.p., e.g. dharmam āśritya, ‘to practise virtue’), [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to continue to be or exist (as opp. to ‘perish’), endure, last, [TS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand, [AV.] &c. &c.; to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dat. gen., or loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (Ā. mc. also P. cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 23]; [4, 34]) to stand by, abide by, be near to, be on the side of, adhere or submit to, acquiesce in, serve, obey (loc. or dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate (see under sthitvā below), [RV.] &c. &c.; to behave or conduct one's self (with samam, ‘to behave equally towards any one’ loc.); to be directed to or fixed on (loc.), [Hariv.]; [Kathās.]; to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (loc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; to rely on, confide in (loc., e.g. mayi sthitvā, ‘confiding in me’), [Bhaṭṭ.]; to stay at, resort to (acc.), [R.]; to arise from (abl. or gen.), [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to desist or cease from (abl.), [Kathās.]; to remain unnoticed (as of no importance), be left alone (only Impv. and Pot.), [Kāv.]; [Pañcat.] : Pass. sthīyate (aor. asthāyi), to be stood &c. (frequently used impers., e.g. mayā sthīyatām, ‘let it be abided by me’ i.e. ‘I must abide’), [Br.] &c. &c.: Caus. sthāpayati, °te (aor. átiṣṭhipat; ind.p. sthāpayitvā [q.v.] and -sthā́pam: Pass. sthāpyate), to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute, [AV.] &c. &c.; to set up, erect, raise, build, [MBh.]; [R.]; to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.; to prop up, support, maintain, [MBh.]; [Hcat.]; to affirm, assent, [Sāh.]; [Nyāyas.], Sch.; to appoint (to any office loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (two acc.; with dhātrīm, ‘to employ any one as a nurse’; with rakṣārtham, ‘to appoint any one as guardian’; with sajjam, ‘to make anything ready’ ; with su-rakṣitam, ‘to keep anything well guarded’; with svīkṛtya, ‘to make anything one's own’; with pariśeṣam, ‘to leave anything over or remaining’), [ŚvetUp.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to fix, settle, determine, resolve, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to fix in or on, lead or bring into, direct or turn towards (loc., rarely acc.; with hṛdi, ‘to impress on the heart’; with manas, ‘to fix the mind on’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (loc., e.g. with naye, ‘to instruct in a plan or system’), [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; to make over or deliver up to (loc. or haste with gen., ‘into the hands of’), [Yājñ.]; [Ratnāv.]; [Kathās.]; to give in marriage, [MBh.]; to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain (with baddhvā, ‘to keep bound or imprisoned’), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to place aside, keep, save, preserve, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] : Desid. of Caus. -sthāpayiṣati (see saṃ-√ sthā) : Desid. tíṣṭhāsati, to wish to stand &c., [ŚBr.] : Intens. teṣṭhīyate; tāstheti, tāsthāti Gr. sthā : [cf. Gk. ἱ-στάναι; Lat. stare; Lith. stóti; Slav. stati; Germ. stân, stehen; Eng. stand.] sthā : sthā́ (or ṣṭhā́), mfn. (nom. m. n. sthā́s) standing, stationary (often ifc. = ‘standing, being, existing in or on or among’, cf. agni-ṣṭhā, ṛta-sthā &c.), [RV.]; [PañcavBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.] 🔎 √sthā- | rootSGAORACT3SBJV |
| 2.3.10 | agníḥ | agní- agni : agní m. (√ ag, [Uṇ.]) fire, sacrificial fire (of three kinds, Gārhapatya, Āhavanīya, and Dakṣiṇa) agni : the number three, [Sūryas.] agni : the god of fire, the fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluid agni : bile, [L.] agni : gold, [L.] agni : N. of various plants Semecarpus Anacardium, [Suśr.], Plumbago Zeylanica and Rosea, Citrus Acida agni : mystical substitute for the letter r agni : in the Kātantra grammar N. of noun-stems ending in i and u agni : (also) = next, [ĀpŚr.] agni : [cf. Lat. ignì-s; Lith. ugni-s; Slav. ognj]. 🔎 agní- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 2.3.10 | havíḥ | havís- havis : havís n. an oblation or burnt offering, anything offered as an oblation with fire (as clarified butter, milk, Soma, grain; haviṣ √ kṛ, ‘to prepare an oblation’, ‘make into an oblation’), [RV.] &c. &c. havis : water, [Naigh. i, 12] havis : fire, [Kālac.] havis : N. of a Marutvat (?), [Kālac.] 🔎 havís- | nominal stemSGNACC |
| 2.3.10 | sūdayāti | √sūd- sūd : (prob. connected with √ svad) cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. ii, 24]) sūdate (occurring only in the reduplicated forms suṣūdima, [RV.]; súṣūdati or °dat, [ib.]; suṣūdáta, [AV.]; Gr. also fut. sūditā, °diṣyati), to put or keep in order, guide aright, [RV.]; [AV.] : Caus. or cl. 10. (cf. [Dhātup. xxxiii, 43]) sūdáyati, °te (p. sūdayāna, [MBh.]; aor. asūṣudat, °ta) id., [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to manage, arrange, prepare, effect, contrive, [RV.]; to settle i.e. put an end to, kill, slay (also inanimate objects), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to squeeze, press, destroy, [Śiś.] : Desid. susūdiṣate Gr.: Intens. sosūdyate, sosūtti, [ib.] sūd : See havya-sū́d. 🔎 √sūd- | rootSGPRSACT3SBJV |
| 2.3.10 | prá pra : prá ind. before pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40]) pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c. pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.] pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-) pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-). 🔎 prá | prá pra : prá ind. before pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40]) pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c. pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.] pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-) pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-). 🔎 prá | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 2.3.10 | dhībhíḥ | dhī́- dhī : cl. 3. Ā. dīdhīte, &c., [RV.] (cf. √ dīdhī; the forms dhīmahi and ádhāyi belong rather to √ dhā; pf. dīdhaya, °dhima, °dhiyur or °dhyur, °dhire, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]) to perceive, think, reflect; wish, desire: Intens. dedhyat, [TS.] dhī : dhī́ f. thought, (esp.) religious thought, reflection, meditation, devotion, prayer (pl. Holy Thoughts personified), [RV.] dhī : understanding, intelligence, wisdom (personified as the wife of Rudra-Manyu, [BhP.]), knowledge, science, art dhī : mind, disposition, intention, design (ifc. intent upon, [Kāv.]) dhī : notion, opinion, the taking for (comp.), [RV.] &c. &c. (yáthā dhiyā́ or dhiyā́ ná, according to thy wisdom or will; itthā́ dhiyā́ or dhíyaḥ, willingly lit. such is thy will, [RV.]) dhī : N. of the 5th house from the Lagna, [Var.] dhī : cl. 4. Ā. dhīyate, to contain, hold (Pass. of √ 1. dhā?); to slight, disregard; to propitiate (?), [Dhātup. xxvi, 37.] dhī : dhī́ f. for dī, splendour, [RV. iii, 34, 5]; [vi, 3, 3.] 🔎 dhī́- | nominal stemPLFINS |
| 2.3.10 | trídhā tridhā : trí—dhā (trí-), ind. ([VPrāt. ii, 44]) in 3 ways, in 3 parts, in 3 places, triply, [RV. i f.], [iv]; [ChUp.]; [MBh.] &c. 🔎 trídhā | trídhā tridhā : trí—dhā (trí-), ind. ([VPrāt. ii, 44]) in 3 ways, in 3 parts, in 3 places, triply, [RV. i f.], [iv]; [ChUp.]; [MBh.] &c. 🔎 trídhā | invariable |
| 2.3.10 | sámaktam | √añj- añj : cl. 7. P. Ā. anákti, aṅkté, ā-nañja, añjiṣyati or aṅkṣyati, āñjīt, añjitum or aṅktum, to apply an ointment or pigment, smear with, anoint; to decorate, prepare; to honour, celebrate; to cause to appear, make clear, [RV. i, 92, 1]; to be beautiful, [L.]; to go, [L.] : Caus. añjayat, āñjijat, to smear with; to speak; to shine; to cause to go, [L.] añj : [cf. Lat. ungo]. 🔎 √añj- | rootSGNACCnon-finite:PTCP-talocal particle:LP |
| 2.3.10 | nayatu | √nī- nī : for nis (q.v.) before r. nī : (for 1. See p. 543, col. 3) cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 5]) nayati, °te (pf. P. nināya, 2. sg. ninetha, [RV.], 1. pl. nīnima, [TS.]; Subj. ninīthás Pot. ninīyāt, [RV.]; Impv. ninetu, [MaitrS.]; Ā. ninye, [Br.] &c.; -nayām āsa, [MBh.]; -nayāṃ cakre, [R.]; aor. P. 3. du. anītām, Subj. néṣi, nethā́ or nethá, [RV.]; anaiṣīt Subj. neṣati, °ṣat, 3. pl. Ā. aneṣata, [ib.]; anayīt, [AV.]; fut. neṣyati, [AV.]; °te, [Br.]; nayiṣyati, °te, [MBh.]; [R.]; nétā, nayitā, [ib.]; ind.p. nītvā, [Br.] &c.; nayitvā, [MBh.]; -nī́ya, [AV.] &c.; inf. neṣáṇi, [RV.]; nétavai, °tos and nayitum, [Br.]; nétum, [ib.] &c. &c.), to lead, guide, conduct, direct, govern (also with agram and gen.; cf. agra-ṇī), [RV.] &c. &c.; to lead &c. towards or to (acc. with or without prati dat., loc. or artham ifc.), [ib.]; to lead or keep away, exclude from (abl.), [AitBr.]; (Ā.) to carry off for one's self (as a victor, owner &c.), [AV.]; [TĀr.]; [MBh.]; (Ā., rarely P.) to lead home i.e. marry, [MBh.]; [R.]; to bring into any state or condition (with acc., e.g. with vaśam, to bring into subjection, subdue [Ā. [RV. x, 84, 3]; [AV. v, 19, 5]; P. [Ragh. viii, 19]]; with śūdra-tām, to reduce to a Śūdra, [Mn. iii, 15]; with sākṣyam [Ā.], to admit as a witness, [viii, 197]; with vyāghra-tām, to change into a tiger, [Hit.]; with vikrayam, to sell, [Yājñ.]; with paritoṣam, to satisfy, [Pañc.]; with duḥkham, to pain, [Amar.]; rarely, with loc., e.g. duhitṛ-tve, to make a person one's daughter, [R. i, 44, 38]; or with an adv. in -sāt, e.g. bhasmasāt to reduce to ashes, [Pañc. i, 198/199]); to draw (a line &c.), [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [Sūryas.]; to pass or spend (time), [Yājñ.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (with daṇḍam) to bear the rod i.e. inflict punishment, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.] (with vyavahāram) to conduct a process, [Yājñ.]; (with kriyām) to conduct a ceremony, preside over a religious act, [MBh.]; to trace, track, find out, ascertain, settle, decide (with anyathā, ‘wrongly’), [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.; (Ā.) to be foremost or chief, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 36] : Caus. nāyayati, °te, to cause to lead &c.; to cause to be led by (instr.), [Mn. v, 104] (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], Vārtt. 5, [Pat.]) : Desid. nínīṣati, te ([AV. xix, 50, 5], w.r. nineṣati), to wish to lead or bring or carry to or into (acc. or dat.), [AV.]; [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.; to wish to carry away, [R.]; to wish to spend or pass (time), [Naiṣ.]; to wish to exclude from (abl.), [AitBr.]; to wish to find out or ascertain, investigate, [MBh.] : Intens. nenīyáte to lead as a captive, have in one's power, rule, govern, [TS.]; [VS.]; [MBh.] nī : mfn. leading, guiding, a leader or guide (mostly ifc., cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 61] and agra-ṇī, agreṇī; but also alone, cf. [vi, 4, 77]; [82] &c.) nī : P. ny-eti (3. pl. ni-yanti; p. -yat; impf. ny-āyan ind.p. nītya), to go into (cf. nyāya), enter, come or fall into, incur (acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; to undergo the nature of i.e. to be changed into (°bhāvam), [RPrāt.] nī : in comp. = 1. ni (p. 538, col. 3). 🔎 √nī- | rootSGPRSACT3IMP |
| 2.3.10 | prajānán | √jñā- jñā : cl. 9. P. Ā. jānā́ti, °nīté (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 76]; Subj. °nat; Impv. °nītat, 2. sg. °nīhí, once irr. jña, [BhP. x, 89, 46]; [fr. cl. 3.] jijāhi, [MBh. xiii, 4493]; 2. pl. irr. °nata, [ii, 2397]; 2. sg. Ā. irr. °nase, [Divyāv. xviii]; p. °nát, °nāná irr. °namāna [[MBh.]]; pf. jajñau, °jñe [Pass. [Rājat. v, 481]], 3. pl. °jñúr, [RV. vii, 79, 4]; [ŚBr. xi]; p. °jñāná, [RV. x, 14, 2]; fut. jñāsyati, °te; aor. ajñāsīt, °sta Pass. ájñāyi, [vi, 65, 1] &c.; Pot. jñāyāt or jñey°, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 68] ; 2. sg. jñeyas = γνοίης [RV. ii, 10, 6]; inf. jñātum) to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with (acc.; rarely gen. [MBh. iii, 2154]; [Hariv. 7095]), perceive, apprehend, understand (also with inf. [[Pāṇ. iii, 4, 65]] [MBh. ii], [v]; [Daś.]), experience, recognise, ascertain, investigate, [RV.] &c.; to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as (with double acc., e.g. tasya māṃ tanayāṃ jānīta, ‘know me to be his daughter’, [MBh. iii, 2476]; with mṛṣā, ‘to consider as untrue’, [Ratnāv. ii, 18]), [Mn.] &c.; to acknowledge, approve, allow, [VS. xviii, 59 f.]; [AV. ix, 5, 19]; [ŚBr. i], [xi], [xiv]; to recognise as one's own, take possession of [SaddhP.]; to visit as a friend, [AV. x, 1, 25]; to remember (with gen.), [MBh. xii, 5169]; Ā. to engage in (gen., e.g. sarpiṣo, ‘to make an oblation with clarified butter’), [Pāṇ. i, 3, 45]; [ii, 3, 51] : Caus. jñapayati, to teach any one (acc.), [ŚāṅkhŚr. xv]; jñāp° (Pass. jñāpyate) to make known, announce, teach anything, [MBh. ii], [xii]; [Kāty.] & [Pat.]; to inform any one (gen.) that (double acc.), [MBh. i, 5864]; Ā. to request, ask, [ChUp. ii, 13, 1] (jñap°), [MBh. iii, 8762] (jñāp°) : Desid. jijñāsate ([Pāṇ. i, 3, 57]; ep. also P.) to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine, [Mn. ii, 13]; [MBh.] &c.; to wish for information about (acc.), [Kathās. xxii, 84]; to conjecture, [AV. xiv, 1, 56] : Caus. Desid. jijñapayiṣati (also °jñāp°, [Siddh.]) and jñīpsati (cf. °psyamāna), to wish to make known or inform, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 49] & [4, 55]; [cf. γνῶ-θι &c.] jñā : (ā), f. N. of a woman, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 163]; [Pat.]; jñā : mfn. ifc. ‘knowing, familiar with’, see ṛta-, pada- and pra-jñā́, á-saṃ-. jñā : f. for ā-j° (by irr. Sandhi after e and o), [MBh. i, 3168]; [iii, 16308.] 🔎 √jñā- | rootSGMNOMPRSACTnon-finite:PTCPlocal particle:LP |
| 2.3.10 | devébhyaḥ | devá- deva : devá mf(I)n. (fr. 3. div) heavenly, divine (also said of terrestrial things of high excellence), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] (superl. m. devá-tama, [RV. iv, 22, 3] &c.; f. devi-tamā, [ii, 41, 16]) deva : devá m. (according to [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 120] déva) a deity, god, [RV.] &c. &c. deva : (rarely applied to) evil demons, [AV. iii, 15, 5]; [TS. iii, 5, 4, 1] deva : (pl. the gods as the heavenly or shining ones; víśve devā́s, all the gods, [RV. ii, 3, 4] &c., or a partic. class of deities [see under víśva], often reckoned as 33, either 11 for each of the 3 worlds, [RV. i, 139, 11] &c. [cf. tri-daśa], or 8 Vasus, 11 Rudras, and 12 Ādityas [to which the 2 Aśvins must be added] [Br.]; cf. also, [Divyāv. 68]; with Jainas 4 classes, viz. bhavanādhīśa, vyantara, jyotiṣka, and vaimānika; devā́nām pátnyas, the wives of the gods, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.] [cf. deva-patnī below]) deva : N. of the number 33 (see above), [Gaṇit.] deva : N. of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain, [MBh.]; [R.] &c. deva : a cloud, [L.] deva : (with Jainas) the 22nd Arhat of the future Ut-sarpiṇī deva : the image of a god, an idol, [Viṣṇ.] deva : a god on earth or among men, either Brāhman, priest, [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. bhū-d°), or king, prince (as a title of honour, esp. in the voc. ‘your majesty’ or ‘your honour’; also ifc., e.g. śrī-harṣa-d°, vikramāṅka-d°, king Śrī-h° or Vikr°, and in names as puruṣottama-d° [lit. having Viṣṇu as one's deity; cf. atithi-d°, ācārya-d°, pitṛ-d°, mātṛ-d°]; rarely preceding the name, e.g. deva-caṇḍamahāsena, [Kathās. xiii, 48]), [Kāv.]; [Pañc.] &c. (cf. kṣiti-, nara-, &c.) deva : a husband's brother (cf. devṛ and devara), [W.] deva : a fool, dolt, [L.] deva : a child, [L.] deva : a man following any partic. line or business, [L.] deva : a spearman, lancer, [L.] deva : emulation, wish to excel or overcome, [L.] deva : sport, play, [L.] deva : a sword, [Gal.] deva : N. of men, [VP.] deva : of a disciple of Nāgārjuna, [MWB. 192] deva : dimin. for devadatta, [Pāṇ. v, 3, 83], Vārtt. 4, Sch. deva : devá n. ([L.]) an organ of sense, [MuṇḍUp. iii, 1, 8]; [2, 7] deva : [cf. Lat. dīvus, deus; Lit. dë́vas; Old Pruss. deiwas.] 🔎 devá- | nominal stemPLMDAT |
| 2.3.10 | daívyaḥ | daívya- daivya : daívya mf(A and I)n. divine, [RV.] (esp. °vyā hótārā, the two divine priests), [AV.] &c. daivya : daívya m. N. of a messenger of the Asuras, [TS.] daivya : daívya n. divine power or effect, [AV. iv, 27, 6] daivya : fortune, fate, [L.] 🔎 daívya- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 2.3.10 | śamitā́ | śamitár- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 2.3.10 | úpa upa : úpa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (e.g. upa-√ gam, to go near, undergo; upa-gamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayur upa = upāyayuḥ, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (e.g. upa-kaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upa-purāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa; upa-daśa, nearly ten) upa : sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (e.g. upa-mūlam, at the root; upa-pūrva-rātram, towards the beginning of night; upa-kūpe, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (e.g. upakūpa-jalāśaya, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well) upa : prefixed to proper names may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ (e.g. upendra, ‘the younger brother of Indra’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (e.g. tatropa brahma yo veda, who further knows the Brahman), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [PārGṛ.] (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc., e.g. upa āśāḥ, towards the regions) upa : near to, at, on, upon upa : at the time of, upon, up to, in, above (with loc., e.g. upa sānuṣu, on the tops of the mountains) upa : with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst., e.g. upa dharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] , besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.; upa : [cf. Zd. upa; Gk. ὑπό; Lat. sub; Goth. uf; Old Germ. oba; Mod. Germ. ob in Obdach, obliegen, &c.] 🔎 úpa | úpa upa : úpa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (e.g. upa-√ gam, to go near, undergo; upa-gamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayur upa = upāyayuḥ, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (e.g. upa-kaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upa-purāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa; upa-daśa, nearly ten) upa : sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (e.g. upa-mūlam, at the root; upa-pūrva-rātram, towards the beginning of night; upa-kūpe, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (e.g. upakūpa-jalāśaya, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well) upa : prefixed to proper names may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ (e.g. upendra, ‘the younger brother of Indra’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (e.g. tatropa brahma yo veda, who further knows the Brahman), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [PārGṛ.] (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc., e.g. upa āśāḥ, towards the regions) upa : near to, at, on, upon upa : at the time of, upon, up to, in, above (with loc., e.g. upa sānuṣu, on the tops of the mountains) upa : with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst., e.g. upa dharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] , besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.; upa : [cf. Zd. upa; Gk. ὑπό; Lat. sub; Goth. uf; Old Germ. oba; Mod. Germ. ob in Obdach, obliegen, &c.] 🔎 úpa | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 2.3.10 | havyám | havyá- havya : havyá n. (for 2. See col. 2) anything to be offered as an oblation, sacrificial gift or food (in later language often opp., to kaivya, q.v.), [RV.]; &c. havya : hávya (or havyá), mf(A)n. to be called or invoked, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] havya : hávya m. N. of a son of Manu Svāyambhuva, [Hariv.] havya : of a son of Atri, [VP.] 🔎 havyá- | nominal stemSGNACC |