sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

jan : cl. 1. [[RV.]; [AV.]] and cl. 10. jánati, °te (Subj. janat, [RV.]; °nāt, [AV. vi, 81, 3]; Ā. °nata, [RV. x, 123, 7]; impf. ájanat, [RV.]; p. jánat), janáyati, °te (in later language only P. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 86]; Subj. °náyat; impf. ájanayat; aor. ájījanat; p. janáyat; inf. jánayitavai, [ŚBr. xiv]), twice cl. 3. (Subj. jajánat, [MaitrS. i, 3, 20] and [9, 1] [[Kāṭh. ix, 8]]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 192] and [vii, 4, 78], [Kāś.]; pr. jajanti, [Dhātup. xxv, 24]; aor. Ā. jániṣṭa; Ā. ájani, [RV. ii, 34, 2]; perf. jajā́na; 3. pl. jajñúr, [RV.] &c.; once jajanúr, [viii, 97, 10]; p. °jñivas; Ved. inf. jánitos, [iv, 6, 7]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr. iii]; [[Pāṇ. iii, 4, 6]]; Ved. ind.p. °nitvī́, [RV. x, 65, 7]) to generate, beget, produce, create, cause, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to produce (a song of praise, &c.), [RV.]; (cl. 10. or Caus.) to cause to be born, [AV. vii, 19, 1]; [xiii, 1, 19]; [VarBṛ. xiv, 1]; [xix]; to assign, procure, [RV.]; [VS. xix, 94]; cl. 4. jā́yate (ep. also °ti; impf. ájāyata; pr.p. jayamāna; fut. janiṣyate; aor. ájaniṣṭa; 1. [[RV. viii, 6, 10]] and 3. sg. ájani; 3. sg. jáni, [i, 141, 1]; jā́ni, [7, 36]; perf. jajñé, 2. sg. °jñiṣé, 3. pl. °jñiré, p. °jñāná) and [[RV.]] cl. 2. (?) Ā. (2. sg. janiṣé, 2. pl. °nidhve, Impv. °niṣvā [[vi, 15, 18]], °nidhvam, cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 78]; impf. 3. p. ajñata [aor., [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 80]], [AitBr.]), twice cl. 1. Ā. (impf. 3. pl. ajanatā, [RV. iv, 5, 5]; p. jánamāna, [viii, 99, 3]) to be born or produced, come into existence, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to grow (as plants, teeth), [AV. iv f.]; [AitBr. vii, 15]; [ŚBr. xiv]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn. ix, 38]; [VarBṛS.]; to be born as, be by birth or nature (with double nom.), [MBh. i, 11, 14]; [Pañcat. iv, 1, 5]; to be born or destined for (acc.), [RV. iv, 5, 5]; [MuṇḍUp. iii, 1, 10] (v.l. jayate for jāy°); to be born again, [Mn. iv], [ix], [xi f.]; [MBh. i], [iii], [xiii]; [Hit. Introd. 14]; to become, be, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to be changed into (dat.), [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 13], [Kāś.]; to take place, happen, [Vet. i, 11]; [iv, 25]; to be possible or applicable or suitable, [Suśr.]; to generate, produce, [R. iii, 20, 17]; [Caraṇ.] : Pass. janyate, to be born or produced, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 43] : Desid. jijaniṣati, [42], [Kāś.] : Intens. jañjanyate and jājāy°, [43] (cf. [Vop. xx, 17]);

jan : , [cf. γίγνομαι; Lat. gigno, (g)nascor; Hib. genim, ‘I beget, generate’.]

dyu : cl. 2. P. dyauti ([Dhātup. xxiv, 31]; pf. dudyāva, 3. pl. dudyuvur) to go against, attack, assail, [Bhaṭṭ.]

dyu : dyú for 3. div as inflected stem and in comp. before consonants.

ṛṣva : ṛṣvá mf(A)n. (√ 2. ṛṣ ?), elevated, high, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

ṛṣva : sublime, great, noble (as gods), [RV.]

ukṣan : ukṣán ā, m. an ox or bull (as impregnating the flock; in the Veda especially as drawing the chariot of Uṣas or dawn), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [KātyŚr.]; [MBh.]; [Kum.] &c.

ukṣan : N. of the Soma (as sprinkling or scattering small drops)

ukṣan : of the Maruts

ukṣan : of the sun and Agni, [RV.]

ukṣan : one of the eight chief medicaments (ṛṣabha), [L.]

ukṣan : N. of a man

ukṣan : ukṣán mfn. large, [L.];

ukṣan : [cf. Zend ukhshan; Goth. auhsa and auhsu; Armen. eṣn.]

rudra : rudrá mfn. (prob.) crying, howling, roaring, dreadful, terrific, terrible, horrible (applied to the Aśvins, Agni, Indra, Mitra, Varuṇa, and the spáśaḥ), [RV.]; [AV.] (accord. to others ‘red, shining, glittering’, fr. a √ rud or rudh connected with rudhira; others ‘strong, having or bestowing strength or power’, fr. a √ rud = vṛd, vṛdh; native authorities give also the following meanings, ‘driving away evil’; ‘running about and roaring’, fr. ru + dra = 2. dru; ‘praiseworthy, to be praised’; ‘a praiser, worshipper’ = stotṛ, [Naigh. iii, 16])

rudra : rudrá m. ‘Roarer or Howler’, N. of the god of tempests and father and ruler of the Rudras and Maruts (in the Veda he is closely connected with Indra and still more with Agni, the god of fire, which, as a destroying agent, rages and crackles like the roaring storm, and also with Kāla or Time the all-consumer, with whom he is afterwards identified; though generally represented as a destroying deity, whose terrible shafts bring death or disease on men and cattle, he has also the epithet śiva, ‘benevolent’ or ‘auspicious’, and is even supposed to possess healing powers from his chasing away vapours and purifying the atmosphere; in the later mythology the word śiva, which does not occur as a name in the Veda, was employed, first as an euphemistic epithet and then as a real name for Rudra, who lost his special connection with storms and developed into a form of the disintegrating and reintegrating principle; while a new class of beings, described as eleven [or thirty-three] in number, though still called Rudras, took the place of the original Rudras or Maruts: in [VP. i, 7], Rudra is said to have sprung from Brahmā's forehead, and to have afterwards separated himself into a figure half male and half female, the former portion separating again into the 11 Rudras, hence these later Rudras are sometimes regarded as inferior manifestations of Śiva, and most of their names, which are variously given in the different Purāṇas, are also names of Śiva ; those of the [VāyuP.] are Ajaikapād, Ahir-budhnya, Hara, Nirṛta, Īśvara, Bhuvana, Aṅgāraka, Ardha-ketu, Mṛtyu, Sarpa, Kapālin; accord. to others the Rudras are represented as children of Kaśyapa and Surabhi or of Brahmā and Surabhi or of Bhūta and Su-rūpā; accord. to [VP. i, 8], Rudra is one of the 8 forms of Śiva; elsewhere he is reckoned among the Dik-pālas as regent of the north-east quarter), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [RTL. 75] &c.)

rudra : N. of the number ‘eleven’ (from the 11 Rudras), [VarBṛS.]

rudra : the eleventh, [Cat.]

rudra : (in astrol.) N. of the first Muhūrta

rudra : (in music) of a kind of stringed instrument (cf. rudrī and rudra-vīṇā)

rudra : of the letter e, [Up.]

rudra : of various men, [Kathās.]; [Rājat.]

rudra : of various teachers and authors (also with ācārya, kavi, bhaṭṭa, śarman, sūri &c.), [Cat.]

rudra : of a king, [Buddh.]

rudra : du. (incorrect acc. to, [Vām. v, 2, 1]) Rudra and Rudrāṇī (cf. also bhavā-r° and somā-rudra)

rudra : pl. the Rudras or sons of Rudra (sometimes identified with or distinguished from the Maruts who are 11 or 33 in number), [RV.] &c. &c.

rudra : an abbreviated N. for the texts or hymns addressed to Rudra, [GṛŚrS.]; [Gaut.]; [Vas.] (cf. rudra-japa)

rudra : of a people (v.l. puṇḍra), [VP.]

rudra : &c. See p. 883, col. 1.

marya : márya m. (prob. fr. √ mṛ) a mortal, man, (esp.) young man, lover, suitor, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Br.] (pl. people; voc. often used as a kind of particle; cf. [VPrāt. ii, 16] and bhos)

marya : a stallion, [RV. vii, 56, 16] &c.

marya : a camel, [L.] (cf. maya).

asura : ásura mfn. (√ 2. as, [Uṇ.]), spiritual, incorporeal, divine, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

asura : ásura m. a spirit, good spirit, supreme spirit (said of Varuṇa), [RV.]; [VS.]

asura : the chief of the evil spirits, [RV. ii, 30, 4] and [vii, 99, 5]

asura : an evil spirit, demon, ghost, opponent of the gods, [RV. viii, 96, 9]

asura : [x]; [AV.] &c. [these Asuras are often regarded as the children of Diti by Kaśyapa See daitya; as such they are demons of the first order in perpetual hostility with the gods, and must not be confounded with the Rākṣasas or imps who animate dead bodies and disturb sacrifices]

asura : a N. of Rāhu, [VarBṛS.] &c.

asura : the sun, [L.]

asura : a cloud, [Naigh.] (cf. [RV. v, 83, 6])

asura : ásura m. pl. N. of a warrior-tribe, (g. parśv-ādi, q.v.)

asura : ásura m. of a Vedic school

asura : ásura [In later Sanskṛt sura has been formed from , as sita from asita, q.v.]

asura : ásura See ásu.

arepas : a-repás mfn. spotless, [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.]

pāvaka : pāvaká mf(A/)n. pure, clear, bright, shining, [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.] (said of Agni, Sūrya and other gods, of water, day and night &c.; according to native Comms. it is mostly = sodhaka, ‘cleansing, purifying’)

pāvaka : pāvaká m. N. of a partic. Agni (in the Purāṇas said to be a son of Agni Abhimānin and Svāhā or of Antardhāna and Śikhaṇḍinī), [TS.]; [TBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Pur.]

pāvaka : pāvaká m. (ifc. f(A). ) fire or the god of fire, [Up.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

pāvaka : pāvaká m. N. of the number 3 (like all words for ‘fire’, because fire is of three kinds See agni), [Sūryas.]

pāvaka : a kind of Ṛṣi, a saint, a person purified by religious abstraction or one who purified from sin, [MBh.]

pāvaka : Prenina Spinosa, [L.]

pāvaka : Plumbago Zeylanica or some other species, [L.]

pāvaka : Semecarpus Anacardium, [L.]

pāvaka : Carthamus Tinctoria, [L.]

pāvaka : Embelia Ribes, [L.]

śuci : śúci mfn. (f. nom. pl. śucyas, [Mn. viii, 77]) shining, glowing, gleaming, radiant, bright, [RV.] &c. &c.

śuci : brilliantly white, white, [Bhartṛ.]

śuci : clear, clean, pure (lit. and fig.), holy, unsullied, undefiled, innocent, honest, virtuous, [RV.] &c. &c.

śuci : pure (in a ceremonial sense), [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; [Bhag.] &c.

śuci : (ifc.) one who has acquitted himself of or discharged (a duty See rahaḥ-ś°)

śuci : śúci m. purification, purity, honesty, virtue, [Kāv.]

śuci : fire, [L.]

śuci : N. of a partic. fire (a son of Agni Abhimānin and Svāhā or a son of Antardhāna and Śikhaṇḍinī and brother of the fires Pavamāna and Pāvaka), [Pur.]

śuci : oblation to fire at the first feeding of an infant, [W.]

śuci : a partic. hot month (accord. to some = Āṣāḍha or Jyeṣṭha, accord. to others ‘the hot season in general’), [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.

śuci : the sun, [MaitrUp.] (Sch.)

śuci : the moon, [L.]

śuci : the planet Venus or its regent (cf. śukra), [L.]

śuci : a ray of light, [L.]

śuci : wind, [L.]

śuci : sexual love (= śṛṅgāra), [L.]

śuci : a Brāhman, [L.]

śuci : a faithful minister, true friend, [L.]

śuci : the condition of a religious student, [L.]

śuci : a fever that attacks pigs, [L.]

śuci : judicial acquittal, [W.]

śuci : white (the colour), [ib.]

śuci : a partic. plant (= citraka), [MW.]

śuci : N. of Śiva, [L.]

śuci : of a son of Bhṛgu, [MBh.]

śuci : of a son of Gada, [Hariv.]

śuci : of a son of the third Manu, [ib.]

śuci : of Indra in the 14th Manv-antara, [Pur.]

śuci : of one of the 7 sages in the 14th Manv-antara, [ib.]

śuci : of a Sārthavāha, [MBh.]

śuci : of a son of Śata-dyumna, [Pur.]

śuci : of a son of Śuddha (the son of Anenas), [ib.]

śuci : of a son of Andhaka, [ib.]

śuci : of a son of Vipra, [ib.]

śuci : of a son of Artha-pati, [Vās., Introd.]

śuci : śúci f. (also) f(I). N. of a daughter of Tāmrā and wife of Kaśyapa, (regarded as the parent of water-fowl), [Hariv.]; [VP.]

sūrya : sū́rya m. the sun or its deity (in the Veda the name Sūrya is generally distinguished from Savitṛ [q.v.], and denotes the most concrete of the solar gods, whose connection with the luminary is always present to the poet's mind ; in [Nir. vii, 5] he is regarded as one of the original Vedic triad, his place being in the sky, while that of Agni is on the earth, and that of Indra is in the atmosphere; ten hymns in the [RV.] are entirely in praise of Sūrya, e.g. [i, 50], [i, 115] &c., also, [AV. xiii, 2]; he moves through the sky in a chariot drawn by seven ruddy horses or mares [see saptāśva, harit, harid-aśva]; in the later mythology Sūrya is identified with Savitṛ as one of the 12 Ādityas or emblems of the Sun in the 12 months of the year, and his seven-horsed chariot is said to be driven by Aruṇa or the Dawn as its charioteer, who is represented without legs; the Sun, whether named Sūrya or Vivasvat, has several wives See sūryā below), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [IW. 11]; [16] &c.; [RTL. 341])

sūrya : a symbolical expression for the number ‘twelve’ (in allusion to the sun in the 12 signs of the zodiac), [Jyot.]; [Hcat.]

sūrya : the swallow-wort (either Calotropis or Asclepias Gigantea, = arka), [L.]

sūrya : N. of the son of Bali, [L.]

sūrya : of a Dānava, [VahniP.]

sūrya : of an astronomer (= sūrya-dāsa), [Cat.]

sūrya : epithet of Śiva, [MBh.]

sūrya : sū́rya mfn. solar (perhaps w.r. for saurya), [Jyot.][For cognate words See under 2. svár.]

sūrya : &c. See p. 1243, col. 1.

satvan : sátvan mfn. living, breathing, [RV.]

satvan : strong, powerful, [ib.]

satvan : sátvan m. a living being, [ib.]

satvan : a warrior

satvan : pl. warriors, vassals, attendants, followers, [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.] &c.

satvan : (sg.) = udaka or karman, [Nir. vi, 30]

satvan : N. of a Ṛṣi, [MBh.] (v.l. ṛtvan).

satvan : sátvan &c. See p. 1137, col. 1.

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

drapsin : drapsín mfn. falling in drops, [RV. i, 64, 2]

drapsin : flowing thickly, [ŚBr. xi, 4, 1, 15]

drapsin : distilling, [MW.]

ghoravarpas : ghorá—varpas (°rá-), mfn. id. (the Maruts), [RV. i, 19, 5] and [64, 2.]