4.8.8
स विप्र॑श्चर्षणी॒नां शव॑सा॒ मानु॑षाणाम्
अति॑ क्षि॒प्रेव॑ विध्यति
4.8.8
sá vípraś carṣaṇīnā́ṃ
śávasā mā́nuṣāṇām
áti kṣipréva vidhyati
4.8.8
saḥfrom sá- ~ tá-
from vípra-
from carṣaṇí-
from śávas-
from mā́nuṣa-
from áti
from kṣiprá-
from √vyadh-
4.8.8
That holy Singer in his strength shoots forth his arrows swifter than The swift shafts of the tribes of men.
4.8.8
He (Agni), the priest of the tribes, (the priest) of men, pierces (all hostile powers) by his might as with a tossing 1 (bow).
| Source index | Surface | Lemma | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.8.8 | sá sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin). sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯) sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2). sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake sa : air, wind sa : a bird sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva sa : n. knowledge sa : meditation sa : a carriage road sa : a fence. sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá). sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c. sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.] sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’ sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c. sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.] sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2. sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : 🔎 sá | sá- ~ tá- sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin). sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯) sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2). sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake sa : air, wind sa : a bird sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva sa : n. knowledge sa : meditation sa : a carriage road sa : a fence. sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá). sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c. sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.] sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’ sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c. sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.] sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2. sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : 🔎 sá- ~ tá- | pronounSGMNOM |
| 4.8.8 | vípraḥ | vípra- vipra : vípra mf(A)n. stirred or excited (inwardly), inspired, wise (said of men and gods, esp. of Agni, Indra, the Aśvins, Maruts &c.; cf. paṇḍita), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] vipra : learned (esp. in theology), [TS.]; [ŚBr.] vipra : a sage, seer, singer, poet, learned theologian, [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] vipra : a Brāhman (ā f. a Brāhman woman), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. vipra : a priest, domestic priest, [R.] vipra : the moon, [L.] vipra : the month Bhādrapada, [L.] vipra : Ficus Religiosa, [L.] vipra : Acacia Sirissa, [L.] vipra : (in prosody) a proceleusmatic, [Col.] vipra : N. of a son of Ślīṣṭi, [VP.] (v.l. ripra) vipra : of a son of Śrutaṃ-jaya (or Śṛtaṃ-jaya), [BhP.] vipra : of a son of Dhruva, [ib.] vipra : pl. a class of demi-gods (mentioned with the Sādhyas, Yakṣas and Rākṣasas), [ĀśvGṛ.] vipra : &c. See √ vip, p. 972. 🔎 vípra- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 4.8.8 | carṣaṇīnā́m | carṣaṇí- carṣaṇi : carṣaṇí mfn. (√ kṛṣ), ‘cultivating’, active, agile, swift, [RV.] carṣaṇi : ([AV. vii, 110, 2]), [MBh. i, 726] carṣaṇi : seeing (fr. √ cakṣ?), [Naigh. iii, 11]; [Nir. v, 24] carṣaṇi : carṣaṇí f. pl. ‘cultivators (opposed to nomads)’, men, people, race, [RV.] (páñca c° = p° kṛṣṭáyas (q.v.), [v, 86, 2]; [vii, 15, 2]; [ix, 101, 9]), [AV. xiii, 1, 38]; [BhP. x, 29, 2] carṣaṇi : N. of Aryaman's children by Mātṛkā (progenitors of the human race), [BhP. vi, 6, 40] (cf. prá-, ratha-, ví-, viśvá-.). 🔎 carṣaṇí- | nominal stemPLFGEN |
| 4.8.8 | śávasā | śávas- śavas : śávas n. (orig. ‘swelling, increase’) strength, power, might, superiority, prowess, valour, heroism (°sā ind. mightily, with might), [RV.]; [AV.] śavas : water, [L.] śavas : a dead body (= -śava), [L.] śavas : śávas m. N. of a teacher, [Cat.] 🔎 śávas- | nominal stemSGNINS |
| 4.8.8 | mā́nuṣāṇām | mā́nuṣa- mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa mf(I)n. or mānuṣá (fr. manus) belonging to mankind, human, [RV.] &c. &c. mānuṣa : favourable or propitious to men, humane, [RV.]; [AV.] mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa m. (ifc. f(A). ) a man, human being (pl. the races of men, 5 in number), [RV.] &c. &c. mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa m. N. of the signs of the zodiac Gemini, Virgo, and Libra, [VarBṛS.] mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa n. the condition or manner or action of men, humanity, manhood, [RV.] &c. &c. mānuṣa : N. of a place, [Cat.] 🔎 mā́nuṣa- | nominal stemPLNGEN |
| 4.8.8 | áti ati : áti ind. [probably neut. of an obsolete adj. atin, passing, going, beyond; see √ at, and cf. Old Germ. anti, unti, inti, unde, indi, &c.; Eng. and; Germ. und; Gk. ἔτι, ἀντί, Lat. ante; Lith. ant; Arm. ti; Zend aitì]. ati : As a prefix to verbs and their derivatives, expresses beyond, over, and, if not standing by itself, leaves the accent on the verb or its derivative; as, ati-kram (√ kram), to overstep, Ved. Inf. ati-kráme, (fit) to be walked on, to be passed, [RV. i, 105, 16], ati-krámaṇa n. See s.v. When prefixed to nouns, not derived from verbs, it expresses beyond, surpassing, as, ati-kaśa, past the whip, ati-mānuṣa, superhuman, &c. See s.v. ati : As a separable adverb or preposition (with acc.), Ved. beyond (with gen.) over, at the top of [RV.]; [AV.] ati : is often prefixed to nouns and adjectives, and rarely to verbs, in the sense excessive, extraordinary, intense; ati : excessively, too ati : exceedingly, very ati : in such compounds the accent is generally on áti. 🔎 áti | áti ati : áti ind. [probably neut. of an obsolete adj. atin, passing, going, beyond; see √ at, and cf. Old Germ. anti, unti, inti, unde, indi, &c.; Eng. and; Germ. und; Gk. ἔτι, ἀντί, Lat. ante; Lith. ant; Arm. ti; Zend aitì]. ati : As a prefix to verbs and their derivatives, expresses beyond, over, and, if not standing by itself, leaves the accent on the verb or its derivative; as, ati-kram (√ kram), to overstep, Ved. Inf. ati-kráme, (fit) to be walked on, to be passed, [RV. i, 105, 16], ati-krámaṇa n. See s.v. When prefixed to nouns, not derived from verbs, it expresses beyond, surpassing, as, ati-kaśa, past the whip, ati-mānuṣa, superhuman, &c. See s.v. ati : As a separable adverb or preposition (with acc.), Ved. beyond (with gen.) over, at the top of [RV.]; [AV.] ati : is often prefixed to nouns and adjectives, and rarely to verbs, in the sense excessive, extraordinary, intense; ati : excessively, too ati : exceedingly, very ati : in such compounds the accent is generally on áti. 🔎 áti | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 4.8.8 | kṣiprā́ | kṣiprá- kṣipra : kṣiprá mf(A)n. (compar. kṣépīyas, superl. kṣépiṣṭha, qq.vv.) springing, flying back with a spring, elastic (as a bow), [RV. ii, 24, 8] kṣipra : quick, speedy, swift, [ŚBr. vi]; [ix]; kṣipra : (said of certain lunar mansions), [VarBṛS.] kṣipra : kṣiprá (as), m. N. of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [Hariv. 9195] kṣipra : kṣiprá m., [v] kṣipra : [xiii]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. kṣipra : kṣiprá (am), n. a measure of time (= 1/15 Muhūrta or 15 Etarhis), [ŚBr. xii, 3, 2, 5] kṣipra : the part of the hand between the thumb and forefinger and the corresponding part of the foot, [Suśr.] kṣipra : [cf. Gk. κραιπνός] 🔎 kṣiprá- | nominal stemSGNINS |
| 4.8.8 | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | invariable |
| 4.8.8 | vidhyati | √vyadh- vyadh : cl. 4. P. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 72]) vídhyati (ep. also °te; pf. p. vivyādha, [Br.] &c.; 3. pl. vivyadhuḥ, [MBh.], vividhuḥ, [Up.]; Ā. vivyadhe, [MBh.]; p. vividhvás, [RV.]; aor. vyātsīḥ, [Br.]; Prec. vidhyāt Gr.; fut. veddhā, vetsyati, °te, [MBh.]; vyaddhā, vyatsyati Gr.; inf. veddhum, [MBh.]; -vidhe, [RV.]; ind.p. viḍḍhvā, -vidhya, [MBh.]), to pierce, transfix, hit, strike, wound, [RV.] &c. &c. ; (with sirām) to open a vein, bleed, [Suśr.]; to pelt with (instr.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; to inflict, attach to, affect with (acc. of pers. and instr. of thing), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [Up.]; to shake, wave, [MBh.]; (in astron.) to fix the position of a heavenly body, [Gol.]; to cling to (acc.), [ŚBr.] : Caus. vyādhayati or vyadhayati, (ep. also vedhayati; aor. avīvidhat or avivyadhat), to pierce, open (a vein), [MBh.]; [Suśr.]; to cause to pierce or perforate, [AitĀr.] : Desid. vivyatsati, to wish to affect or taint with (instr.), [ŚBr.] : Intens. vevidhyate or vāvyaddhi (?) Gr. 🔎 √vyadh- | rootSGPRSACT3IND |