alātṛṇa : a-lātṛṇá mfn. (√ lā = √ rā? [BR.]) not granting anything, miserly, [RV. i, 166, 7] and [iii, 30, 10], ([Nir. vi, 2].)

vala : valá m. ‘enclosure’, a cave, cavern, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]

vala : a cloud, [Naigh. i, 10]

vala : a beam or pole, [KātyŚr.], Sch.

vala : N. of a demon (brother of Vṛtra, and conquered by Indra; in later language called bala, q.v.)

vala : = vali (see śata-vala).

indra : índra m. (for etym. as given by native authorities See [Nir. x, 8]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 3, 4]; [Uṇ. ii, 28]; according to [BRD.] fr. in = √ inv with suff. ra preceded by inserted d, meaning ‘to subdue, conquer’ ; according to [Muir, S. T. v, 119], for sindra fr. √ syand, ‘to drop’; more probably from √ ind, ‘to drop’ q.v., and connected with indu above), the god of the atmosphere and sky

indra : the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [vajra] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. &c.

indra : (he is also regent of the east quarter, and considered one of the twelve Ādityas), [Mn.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.

indra : in the Vedānta he is identified with the supreme being

indra : a prince

indra : ifc. best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects; cf. surendra, rājendra, parvatendra, &c.), [Mn.]; [Hit.]

indra : the pupil of the right eye (that of the left being called Indrāṇī or Indra's wife), [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

indra : the number fourteen, [Sūryas.]

indra : N. of a grammarian

indra : of a physician

indra : the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (see kuṭaja), [L.]

indra : a vegetable poison, [L.]

indra : the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic

indra : the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth Nakṣatra, γ Pegasi

indra : the human soul, the portion of spirit residing in the body

indra : night, [L.]

indra : one of the nine divisions of Jambu-dvīpa or the known continent, [L.]

vraja : m. (for 2. See p. 1042, col. 1) a way, road, [L.]

vraja : n. wandering, roaming, [W.]

vraja : vrajá m. (n. only, [RV. v, 6, 7]; ifc. f(A). ; fr. √ vṛj) a fold, stall, cow-pen, cattle-shed, enclosure or station of herdsmen, [RV.] &c. &c.

vraja : vrajá m. N. of the district around Agra and Mathurā (the abode of Nanda, of Kṛṣṇa's foster-father, and scene of Kṛṣṇa's juvenile adventures; commonly called Braj; cf. vṛji), [Inscr.]

vraja : a herd, flock, swarm, troop, host, multitude, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (saṃgrāmaḥ savrajaḥ ‘a fight with many’, [MārkP.]; vrajo girimayaḥ, prob. = giri-vraja, q.v., [Hariv.])

vraja : a cloud (= megha), [Naigh. i, 10]

vraja : N. of a son of Havir-dhāna, [Hariv.]; [VP.]

gav : in Ved. comp. for gó

purā : purā́ ind. (cf. pra, puras, pūrva) before, formerly, of old (with na, ‘never’), [RV.] &c. &c.

purā : in a previous existence, [VarYogay.]

purā : (with pres. = pf.) from of old, hitherto, up to the present time (also with sma cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 122]; with na, ‘never yet’), [RV.] &c. &c.

purā : at first, in the beginning, [Bhartṛ.] (opp. to paścā, paścāt, [Pāṇ. v, 3, 33], [Kāś.])

purā : soon, shortly (with pres. = fut.), [Kālid.]; [Naiṣ.]

purā : (as prep., mostly in earlier language, with abl., rarely with dat. or gen.) before

purā : securely from

purā : except, beside

purā : (with pres. = fut. [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 4]], once with Pot.) ere, before (sometimes with na or na and yāvat [followed by tāvat], with mā or yadi, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.)

purā : (ā), f. a stronghold, fortress (cf. agni-purā and aśma-p°)

purā : a kind of perfume, [L.]

purā : See p. 634, col. 3.

han : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 2]) hanti (3. du. hatáḥ, 3. pl. ghnanti; rarely Ā. hate, 3. pl. ghnate; and cl. 1. hanati, Ved. also jighnate, °ti; Pot. hanyāt, [Br.] also hánīta, ghnīta; Impv. jahí, [TĀr.] handhí; impf. áhan, Ved. and ep. also ahanat, ahanan, aghnanta; p. jaghnat, ghnamāna, [MBh.]; pf. jaghā́na, jaghnúḥ, [Br.] and ep. also jaghne, °nire, Subj. jaghánat, [RV.]; p. jaghnivás, Ved. also jaghanvas; aor. ahānīt, [JaimBr.] [cf. √ vadh]; fut. hantā, [MBh.]; haṃsyati, [ib.]; haniṣyáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; inf. hántum, Ved. also hántave, °tavaí, °toḥ; ind.p. hatvā́, Ved. also °tvī́, °tvāya, -hatya; -hanya, [MBh.]; -ghā́tam, [Br.] &c.), to strike, beat (also a drum), pound, hammer (acc.), strike &c. upon (loc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy, [ib.]; to put to death, cause to be executed, [Mn.]; [Hit.]; to strike off, [Kathās.]; to ward off, avert, [MBh.]; to hurt, wound (the heart), [R.]; to hurl (a dart) upon (gen.), [RV.]; (in astron.) to touch, come into contact, [VarBṛS.]; to obstruct, hinder, [Rājat.]; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow &c.), [Kāv.]; [BhP.]; (?) to go, move, [Naigh. ii, 14] : Pass. hanyáte (ep. also °ti; aor. avadhi or aghāni), to be struck or killed, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. ghātayati, °te (properly a Nom. fr. ghāta, q.v.; aor. ajīghatat or ajīghanat), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati = kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe), [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 26], Vārtt. 6 [Pat.]; to mar, destroy, [MBh.]; [Pañcat.] (v.l.) : Desid. jíghāṃsati, °te (Pot. jighāṃsīyat, [MBh.]; impf. ajighāṃsīḥ, [ŚBr.]), to wish to kill or destroy, [RV.] &c. &c.: Intens. jáṅghanti ([RV.]; p. jaṅghanat, jáṅghnat or ghánighnat), jaṅghanyate (with pass. sense, [MuṇḍUp.]), jeghnīyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 31]), to strike = tread upon (loc. or acc.), [RV.]; to slay, kill, [ib.]; to dispel (darkness), destroy (evil, harm), [ib.]; to hurt, injure, wound, [MuṇḍUp.]

han : [cf. Gk. θείνω, θάνατος; ϕόνος, ἔπεϕνον πέϕαται; Lat. de-fendere, of-fendere; Lit. genu, gíti; Slav. gǔnati.]

han : mf(GnI)n. killing, a killer, slayer (only ifc.; see ari-, tamo-han &c.)

bhī : cl. 3. P. ([Dhātup. xxv, 2]) bibhéti (du. bibhītas or bibhitas Pot. bibhīyāt or bibhiyāt, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 115]; Pot. 3. pl. bibhyeyuḥ, [MBh. xii, 459]; impf. 3. pl. abibhayuḥ, [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 83], Sch.; ep. also Ā. 1. sg. bibhye and and P. 3. sg. bibhyati pl. bibhyanti; Ved. also cl. 1. Ā. bháyate, and accord, to, [Dhātup. xxxiv, 15], cl. 10. P. bhāyayati; pf. bibhāya, 3. pl. bibhyuḥ, [RV.] &c. &c.; bībhāya, [AitBr.]; bibhayā́ṃ cakara, [ŚBr.] cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 39]; aor. abhaiṣīt, °ṣma, °ṣuḥ, [RV.]; [AV.] &c., 2. sg. bhaiṣīs, [AV.], bhais, [Br.] &c., esp. in mābhais, ‘do not be afraid’; once for pl. = mā bhaiṣṭa, [R. i, 55, 25]; bhes, [Br.]; bhema, [RV.], p. Ā. bhiyāná, [ib.]; fut. bhetā Gr.; cond. abheṣyat, [ŚBr.]; inf. bhiyáse, [RV.]; bhetum, [MBh.] &c.), to fear, be afraid of (abl. or gen., rarely instr. or acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to fear for, be anxious about (abl.), [R.] : Pass. bhīyate, aor., abhāyi Gr.: Caus. bhīṣáyate ([ŚBr.] &c.; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 68]), bhīṣayati ([MBh.]; once mc. bhiṣ°, [BhP.]; p. bhīṣayāṇa, [MBh.]; aor. bībhiṣaḥ, [TS.], °ṣathāḥ, [RV.]), bhāyayati, °te ([Pāṇ. i, 3, 68], Sch.; Pot. bhāyayes, [Megh. 61]; v.l. bhīṣayes; aor. bībhayat, ábībhayanta, [RV.]; ind.p. -bhāyya, [Br.]), bhāpayate ([Pāṇ. vi, 1, 56], Sch.), to terrify, put in a fright, intimidate, [RV.] &c. &c.: Desid. bibhīṣati Gr.: Intens. bebhīyate, bebhayīti, bebheti, [ib.]

bhī : [cf. √ bhyas; Lith. bijótis; Slav. bojati; Germ. biben, beben.]

bhī : bhī́ f. fear, apprehension, fright, alarm, dread of (abl. loc. acc. with prati, or comp.), [RV.]; &c.

vi : ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).

vi : [cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]

vi : n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]

vi : ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)

vi : sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)

vi : in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)

vi : it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article

vi : but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.

āra : n. brass, [BhP. x, 41, 20]

āra : iron, [L.]

āra : a sting Comm. on [TS.]

āra : an angle

āra : a corner

āra : m. cavity, [Sūryas.]

āra : N. of a tree, [L.]

āra : N. of a lake, [KauṣUp.]

āra : the planet Mars, Ἄρης

āra : the planet Saturn, [L.]

āra : n. v.l. for ara, q.v., a spoke, [MBh. i, 1498] (ed. Bomb. [i, 33, 4] reads ara).

āra : n. a multitude of enemies, [Śiś. xix, 27].

ṛ : the seventh vowel of the Sanskṛt alphabet and peculiar to it (resembling the sound of ri in merrily).

ṛ : ind. an interjection expressing laughter, [L.]

ṛ : a particle implying abuse, [L.]

ṛ : a sound inarticulate or reiterated as in stammering, [W.]

ṛ : m. heaven, [L.]

ṛ : f. N. of Aditi, [L.]

ṛ : cl. 1. 3. 5.P. ṛcchati, iyarti, ṛṇoti, and ṛṇvati (only Ved.); āra, ariṣyati, ārat, and ārṣīt, to go, move, rise, tend upwards, [RV.]; [Nir.] &c.; to go towards, meet with, fall upon or into, reach, obtain, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to fall to one's share, occur, befall (with acc.), [RV.]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.] &c.; to advance towards a foe, attack, invade, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [Mn.]; to hurt, offend, [ŚBr. vii]; to move, excite, erect, raise, (íyarti vā́cam, he raises his voice, [RV. ii, 42, 2]; stómān iyarmi, I sing hymns, [RV. i, 116, 1]), [RV.]; [AV. vi, 22, 3] : Caus. arpayati, to cause to move, throw, cast, [AV. x, 9, 1]; [Ragh.] &c.; to cast through, pierce, [AV.]; to put in or upon, place, insert, fix into or upon, fasten, [RV.]; [Śāk.]; [Kum.]; [Bhag.] &c.; to place on, apply, [Kathās.]; [Ratnāv.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to direct or turn towards, [R.]; [Bhag.] &c.; to deliver up, surrender, offer, reach over, present, give, [Yājñ.]; [Pañcat.]; [Vikr.] &c.; to give back, restore, [Mn. viii, 191]; [Yājñ.]; [Śak.] &c.: Ved. Intens. alarti, [RV. viii, 48, 8]; (2. sg. alarṣi, [RV. viii, 1, 7]; [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 65]); to move or go towards with speed or zeal: Class. Intens. Ā. arāryate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 30]), to wander about, hasten towards, [Bhaṭṭ.]; [Pat.], [Kāś.];

ṛ : [cf. Gk. ὄρ-νυ-μι, ἐρ-έ-της, ἀρό-ω, &c. : Zend √ ir : Lat. or-ior, re-mus, aro : Goth. ar-gan : Angl.Sax. ār : Old High Germ. ruo-dar, ar-an : Lith. ir-ti, ‘to row’; ar-ti, ‘to plough’.]

suga : su-gá mf(A)n. (i.e. 5. su + 2. ga; √ gam) going well or gracefully, having a graceful gait, [W.]

suga : easily passed, easy to traverse, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TBr.]; [Lāṭy.]

suga : easy of access, [Kathās.]; [Hcat.]

suga : easy to obtain, [RV.]; [TS.]; [Pañcat.]

suga : easily understood, intelligible, [MW.]

suga : su-gá n. a good path

suga : easy or successful course, [RV.]; [VS.]

suga : faeces, [L.]

suga : su-ga mfn. (i.e. 5. su + 3. ga; √ gai) singing well or beautifully, [BhP.]

kṛ : Ved. I) cl. 2. P. 2. sg. kárṣi du. kṛthás pl. kṛthá; Ā. 2. sg. kṛṣé; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ákar, 3. sg. rarely ákat ([ŚBr. iii], [xi]) ; 3. du. ákartām; pl. ákarma, ákarta (also, [BhP. ix]), ákran (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iv, 2, 80], [Kāś.]); Ā. ákri ([RV. x, 159, 4] and [174, 4]), ákṛthās ([RV. v, 30, 8]), ákṛta ([RV.]); akrātām ([ŚāṅkhŚr.]), ákrata ([RV.]; [AV.]) : Impv. kṛdhí (also, [MBh. i, 5141] and [BhP. viii]), kṛtám, kṛtá; Ā. kṛṣvá, kṛdhvám; Subj. 2. and 3. sg. kar pl. kárma, kárta and kartana, kran; Ā. 3. sg. kṛta ([RV. ix, 69, 5]), 3. pl. kránta ([RV. i, 141, 3]) : Pot. kriyāma ([RV. x, 32, 9]); pr. p. P. (nom. pl.) krántas Ā. krāṇá. II) cl. 1. P. kárasi, kárati, kárathas, káratas, káranti; Ā. kárase, kárate, kárāmahe: impf. ákaram, ákaras, ákarat (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 59]) : Impv. kára, káratam, káratām: Subj. káram, kárāṇi, káras, kárat, kárāma, káran; Ā. karāmahai; pr. p. f. kárantī ([Naigh.]) III) cl. 5. P. kṛṇómi, °ṇóṣi, °ṇóti, kṛṇuthás, kṛṇmás and kṛṇmasi, kṛṇuthá, kṛṇvánti; Ā. kṛṇvé, kṛṇuṣé, kṛṇuté, 3. du. kṛṇvaíte ([RV. vi, 25, 4]); pl. kṛṇmáhe, kṛṇváte: impf. ákṛṇos, ákṛṇot, ákṛṇutam, ákṛṇuta and °ṇotana ([RV. i, 110, 8]), ákṛṇvan; Ā. 3. sg. ákṛṇuta pl. ákṛṇudhvam, ákṛṇvata: Impv. kṛṇú or kṛṇuhí or kṛṇutā́t, kṛṇótu, kṛṇutám, kṛṇutā́m, 2. pl. kṛṇutá or kṛṇóta or kṛṇótana, 3. pl. kṛṇvántu; Ā. kṛṇuṣvá, kṛṇutā́m, kṛṇvā́thām, kṛṇudhvám: Subj. kṛṇávas, °ṇávat or °ṇávāt, kṛṇávāva, °ṇávāma, °ṇávātha, °ṇávatha, °ṇávan; Ā. kṛṇávai (once °ṇavā, [RV. x, 95, 2]), kṛṇavase (also, [ŚvetUp. ii, 7] v.l. °ṇvase), kṛṇavate, kṛṇávāvahai, kṛṇávāmahai, 3. pl. kṛṇávanta ([RV.]) or kṛṇavante or kṛṇvata ([RV.]) : Pot. Ā. kṛṇvītá; pr. p. P. kṛṇvát (f. °vatī́) Ā. kṛṇvāṇá. IV) cl. 8. (this is the usual formation in the Brāhmaṇas; Sūtras, and in classical Sanskṛt) P. karómi (ep. kurmi, [MBh. iii, 10943]; [R. ii, 12, 33]); kurvás, kuruthás, kurutás, kurmás [kulmas in an interpolation after, [RV. x, 128]], kuruthá, kurvánti; Ā. kurvé, &c., 3. pl. kurváte ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 108]-[110]) : impf. akaravam, akaros, akarot, akurva, &c.; Ā. 3. sg. akuruta pl. akurvata: Impv. kuru, karotu (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt, 3. sg. also, [BhP. vi, 4, 34]), kuruta or kurutana ([Nir. iv, 7]); Ā. kuruṣva, kurudhvam, kurvátām: Subj. karavāṇi, karavas, °vāt, °vāva or °vāvas ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 98], [Kāś.]), °vāma or °vāmas ([ib.]), °vātha, °van; Ā. karavai, kuruthās, karavāvahai ([TUp.]; °he, [MBh. iii, 10762]), karavaithe, °vaite ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 95], [Kāś.]), °vāmahai (°he, [MBh.]; [R. i, 18, 12]) : Pot. P. kuryām Ā. kurvīya ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 109] and [110]); pr. p. P. kurvát (f. °vatī́); Ā. kurvāṇá: perf. P. cakā́ra, cakártha, cakṛvá, cakṛmá, cakrá ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 13]); Ā. cakré, cakriré; p. cakṛvas (acc. cakrúṣam, [RV. x, 137, 1]); Ā. cakrāṇa ([Vop.]) : 2nd fut. kariṣyáti; Subj. 2. sg. kariṣyā́s ([RV. iv, 30, 23]); 1st fut. kártā: Prec. kriyāsam: aor. P. Ved. cakaram ([RV. iv, 42, 6]), acakrat ([RV. iv, 18, 12]), ácakriran ([RV. viii, 6, 20]); Ā. 1. sg. kṛske ([RV. x, 49, 7]); Class. akārṣīt ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 1], [Kāś.]; once akāraṣīt, [BhP. i, 10, 1]); Pass. aor. reflex. akāri and akṛta ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 62], [Kāś.]) : Inf. kártum, Ved. kártave, kártavaí, kártos (see ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtvā́, Ved. kṛtvī́ [[RV.]] and kṛtvā́ya [[TS. iv], [v]]; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake, [RV.] &c.; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (gen. or loc.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to execute, carry out (as an order or command), [ib.]; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build, [ib.]; to form or construct one thing out of another (abl. or instr.), [R. i, 2, 44]; [Hit.] &c.; to employ, use, make use of (instr.), [ŚvetUp.]; [Mn. x, 91]; [MBh.] &c.; to compose, describe, [R. i]; to cultivate, [Yājñ. ii, 158] (cf. [Mn. x, 114]); to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (e.g. varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ, ‘they spent ten years’, [MBh. xv, 6]; kṣaṇaṃ kuru, ‘wait a moment’, [MBh.]; cf. kṛtakṣaṇa); to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (acc. or loc. or instr., e.g. ardháṃ-√ kṛ, to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in (gen.; see 2. ardhá); haste or pāṇau-√ kṛ, to take by the hand, marry, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 77]; hṛdayena-√ kṛ, to place in one's heart, love, [Mṛcch.]; hṛdi-√ kṛ, to take to heart, mind, think over, consider, [Rājat. v, 313]; manasi-√ kṛ id., [R. ii, 64, 8]; [Hcar.]; to determine, purpose [ind.p. °si-kṛtvā or °si-kṛtya] [Pāṇ. i, 4, 75]; vaśe-√ kṛ, to place in subjection, become master of [Mn. ii, 100]); to direct the thoughts, mind, &c. (mánas [[RV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.] or buddhim [[Nal. xxvi, 10]] or matim [[MBh.]; [R.]] or bhāvam [[ib.]], &c.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (loc. dat. inf., or a sentence with iti, e.g. mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ, do not turn your mind to grief, [Nal. xiv, 22] ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre, he resolved upon going, [R. i, 9, 55]; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre, he resolved to create a gourd, [MBh. iii, 8844]; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra, he determined to see him, [MBh. iii, 12335]); to think of (acc.), [R. i, 21, 14]; to make, render (with two acc., e.g. ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata, they made the sun their goal, [AitBr. iv, 7]), [RV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with gen. or loc.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; Ā. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume, [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; [Mn. vii, 10] &c.; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dat.), [RV.]; [VS.]; to make liable to (dat.), [RV. iii, 41, 6]; [ŚBr. iv]; to injure, violate (e.g. kanyāṃ-√ kṛ, to violate a maiden), [Mn. viii, 367] and [369]; to appoint, institute, [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; to give an order, commission, [Mn.]; [R. ii, 2, 8]; to cause to get rid of, free from (abl. or -tas), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 49], [Kāś.]; to begin (e.g. cakre śobhayitum purīm, they began to adorn the city), [R. ii, 6, 10]; to proceed, act, put in practice, [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c.; to worship, sacrifice, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn. iii, 210]; to make a sound (svaram or śabdam, [MBh. iii, 11718]; [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; [Hit.]), utter, pronounce (often ifc. with the sounds phaṭ, phut, bhāṇ, váṣaṭ, svadhā́, svā́hā, hiṃ), pronounce any formula ([Mn. ii, 74] and [xi, 33]); (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā) to divide, separate or break up into parts (e.g. dvidhā-√ kṛ, to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā or dvidhā-kṛtya or -kāram, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 62]; sahasradhā-√ kṛ, to break into a thousand pieces); (with adverbs ending in vat) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (e.g. rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā, valuing the kingdom like a straw, [Vet.]); (with adverbs ending in sāt) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (see ātma-sāt, bhasma-sāt), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 52 ff.] The above senses of √ may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-√ kṛ, to contract friendship with; pūjāṃ-√ kṛ, to honour; rājyaṃ-√ kṛ, to reign; snehaṃ-√ kṛ, to show affection; ājñāṃ or nideśaṃ or śāsanaṃ or kāmaṃ or yācanāṃ or vacaḥ or vacanaṃ or vākyaṃ-√ kṛ, to perform any one's command or wish or request &c.; dharmaṃ-√ kṛ, to do one's duty, [Mn. vii, 136]; nakhāni-√ kṛ, ‘to clean one's nails’, see kṛta-nakha; udakaṃ [[Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [R.]; [Daś.]] or salilaṃ [[R. i, 44, 49]] √ , to offer a libation of water to the dead; to perform ablutions; astrāṇi-√ kṛ, to practise the use of weapons, [MBh. iii, 11824]; darduraṃ-√ kṛ, to breathe the flute, [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; daṇḍaṃ-√ kṛ, to inflict punishment &c., [Vet.]; kālaṃ-√ kṛ, to bring one's time to an end i.e. to die; ciraṃ-√ kṛ, to be long in doing anything, delay; manasā (for °si See above) √ , to place in one's mind, think of, meditate, [MBh.]; śirasā-√ kṛ, to place on the head; mūrdhnā-√ kṛ, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in Veda ([AV. xviii, 2, 27]), but commonly in the Brāhmaṇas, Sūtras, and especially in classical Sanskṛt the perf. forms cakāra and cakre auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives, e.g. āsāṃ cakre, ‘he sat down’; gamayā́ṃ cakāra, ‘he caused to go’ [see, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 40]; in Veda some other forms of √ are used in a similar way, viz. pr. karoti, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; impf. akar, [MaitrS.] & [Kāṭh.]; 3. pl. akran, [MaitrS.] & [TBr.]; Prec. kriyāt, [MaitrS.] (see [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 42]); according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 41], also karotu with √ vid]. Caus. kārayati, °te, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double acc., instr. and acc. [see [Pāṇ. i, 4, 53]], e.g. sabhāṃ kāritavān, he caused an assembly to be made, [Hit.]; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya, cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam, he ought to cause the Vaiśya to engage in trade, [Mn. viii, 410]; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā, I shall not be able to have anything done by thee, [MBh. ii, 6]); to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate, [Lāṭy.]; [Yājñ. ii, 158]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, &c. (e.g. taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat, he had the picture placed on the wall in his house, [Kathās. v, 30]), [Mn. viii, 251]. Sometimes the Caus. of √ is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (e.g. padaṃ kārayati, he pronounces a word, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 71], [Kāś.] ; mithyā k°, he pronounces wrongly, [ib.]; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya, treat or deal with Kaikeyī as the king does, [R. ii, 58, 16]) : Desid. cíkīrṣati (aor. 2. sg. acikīrṣīs, [ŚBr. iii]), ep. also °te, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after, [AV. xii, 4, 19]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c.; to wish to sacrifice or worship, [AV. v, 8, 3] : Intens. 3. pl. karikrati (pr. p. kárikrat See [Naigh. ii, 1] and [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 65]), to do repeatedly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; Class. carkarti or carikarti or carīkarti [[Pāṇ. vii, 4, 92], [Kāś.]], also carkarīti or carikarīti or carīkarīti or cekrīyate [ib., Sch.; [Vop.]];

kṛ : [cf. Hib. caraim, ‘I perform, execute’; ceard, ‘an art, trade, business, function’; sucridh, ‘easy’; Old Germ. karawan, ‘to prepare’; Mod. Germ. gar, ‘prepared (as food)’; Lat. creo, ceremonia; κραίνω, κρόνος.]

kṛ : cl. 3. P. p. cakrát (Pot. 2. sg. cakriyās; aor. 1. sg. akārṣam [[AV. vii, 7, 1]] or akāriṣam [[RV. iv, 39, 6]]), to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (gen.), [RV.]; [AV.] : Intens. (1. sg. carkarmi, 1. pl. carkirāma, 3. pl. carkiran; Impv. 2. sg. carkṛtā́t and carkṛdhi; aor. 3. sg. Ā. cárkṛṣe) id., [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. kārú, kīrí, kīrtí.)

kṛ : to injure, &c. See √ 2. kṝ.

kṛ : 2. kṝ (or v.l. ) cl. 5. 9.P. Ā. kṛṇoti, °ṇute, °ṇāti, °ṇīte, to hurt, injure, kill, [Dhātup.]; [Vop. xvi, 2]; kṛṇváti, [Naigh. ii, 19.]

aj : cl. 1. P. (defect., supplemented fr. √ vī), ájati, ājīt, ajitum, to drive, propel, throw, cast: Desid. ajijiṣati, to be desirous of driving

aj : [cf. Gk. ἄγω; Lat. ago].

gav : in Ved. comp. for gó

pra : prá ind. before

pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])

pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna

pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta

pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra

pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.

pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]

pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling

pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)

pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).

āvan : ā-√ van Ā. (2. sg. ā́-vanase, [RV. i, 140, 11]; pf. 3. sg. ā́-vavne, [RV. v, 74, 7]; aor. 3. sg. -ávaniṣīṣṭa, [RV. i, 127, 7]) to wish, desire, crave for; to procure.

āvan : (add) Desid. -vivasate, to seek to win, attract, propitiate, [RV. i, 41, 8].

av : cl. 1. P. ávati (Imper. 2. sg. avatāt, [RV. viii, 2, 3], p. ávat; impf. ā́vat, 2. sg. 1. ā́vaḥ [for 2. ā́vaḥ See √ vṛ]; perf. 3. sg. āva, 2. pl. āvá, [RV. viii, 7, 18], 2. sg. ā́vitha; aor. ávīt, 2. sg. ávīs, avīs and aviṣas, Imper. aviṣṭu, 2. sg. aviḍḍhí [once, [RV. ii, 17, 8]] or aviḍḍhi [six times in [RV.]], 2. du. aviṣṭam, 3. du. aviṣṭām, 2. pl. aviṣṭánā, [RV. vii, 18, 25] Prec. 3. sg. avyās, Inf. ávitave, [RV. vii, 33, 1]; Ved. ind.p. āvyā, [RV. i, 166, 13]) to drive, impel, animate (as a car or horse), [RV.]; Ved. to promote, favour, (chiefly Ved.) to satisfy, refresh; to offer (as a hymn to the gods), [RV. iv, 44, 6]; to lead or bring to (dat.: ūtáye, vā́ja-sātaye, kṣatrā́ya, svastáye), [RV.]; (said of the gods) to be pleased with, like, accept favourably (as sacrifices, prayers or hymns), [RV.], (chiefly said of kings or princes) to guard, defend, protect, govern, [BhP.]; [Ragh. ix, 1]; [VarBṛS.] &c.: Caus. (only impf. āvayat, 2. sg. āvayas) to consume, devour, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

av : [cf. Gk. ἀίω; Lat. aveo ?].

vāṇī : (ī), f. See below

vāṇī : vā́ṇī f. sound, voice, music (pl. a choir of musicians or singers), [RV.] (the sapta vāṇīs are referred by the Comms. to the seven metres or to the seven notes of the gamut &c.)

vāṇī : speech, language, words, diction, (esp.) eloquent speech or fine diction, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

vāṇī : a literary production or composition, [Uttarar.]; [Bhām.]

vāṇī : praise, laudation, [MW.]

vāṇī : the goddess of speech, Sarasvatī, [R.]; [BrahmaP.]

vāṇī : N. of a metre consisting only of long syllables, [Kāvyād.], Sch.

vāṇī : of a river (accord. to some the Sarasvatī), [VP.]

vāṇī : f. (cf. vāṇi) weaving, [L.]

vāṇī : f. reed, [RV. v, 86, 1]

vāṇī : du. the two bars of a car or carriage, [ib.] [i, 119, 5.]

puruhūta : puru—hūtá mfn. much invoked or invoked by many, [RV.] &c. &c.

puruhūta : puru—hūtá m. N. of Indra, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c., (-kāṣṭhā f. I°'s quarter i.e. the east, [Dhūrtan.]; -dviṣ m. I°'s foe, N. of Indra-jit, [MW.])

dham : or dhmā cl. 1. P. dhámati (Ā. °te, [Up.]; [MBh.]; p. dhmāntas = dhamantas, [BhP. x, 12, 7]; perf. dadhmau, 3. pl. Ā. °mire, [MBh.]; aor. adhmāsīt, [Kāv.]; Prec. dhmāyāt or dhmeyāt Gr.; fut. dhamiṣyati, [MBh.]; dhmāsyati, dhmātā Gr.; ind.p. -dhmā́ya, [Br.]) to blow (either intrans. as wind [applied also to the bubbling Soma, [RV. ix, 73]] or trans. as, to blow a conch-shell or any wind instrument), [RV.] &c. &c.; to blow into (loc.), [MBh. l, 813]; to breathe out, exhale, [RV. ii, 34, 1]; [MBh. xiv, 1732]; to kindle a fire by blowing, [RV. ii, 24, 7]; [MBh. ii, 2483]; to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing, [RV.] &c. &c.; to blow or cast away, [MBh. v, 7209] : Pass. dhamyate, ep. also °ti, dhmāyáte, °ti ([ŚBr.]; [MBh.]) to be blown &c.: Caus. dhmāpayati, [MBh.] (aor. adidhmapat Gr.; Pass. dhmāpyate, [MBh.]) to cause to blow or melt; to consume by fire, reduce to cinder, [MBh.]; [Suśr.] : Desid. didhmāsati Gr.: Intens. dedhmīyate, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 31]; dādhmāyate, p. °yamāna being violently blown (conch-shell), [BhP. i, 11, 2.] [cf. Slav. dumo ‘smoke’]