hasta : hásta m. (ifc. f(A). , of unknown derivation) the hand (ifc. = ‘holding in or by the hand’; haste √ kṛ [as two words], ‘to take into the hand’, ‘get possession of’; haste-√ kṛ [as a comp.], ‘to take by the hand, marry’; śatru-hastaṃ √ gam, ‘to fall into the hand of the enemy’), [RV.] &c. &c.

hasta : an elephant's trunk (ifc. = ‘holding with the trunk’), [AitBr.]; [MBh.] &c.

hasta : the fore-arm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, = 24 Aṅgulas or about 18 inches), [VarBṛS.]; [Rājat.] &c.

hasta : the position of the hand (= hasta-vinyāsa), [VPrāt.]

hasta : hand-writing, [Yājñ.]; [Vikr.]

hasta : the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus), [AV.] &c. &c.

hasta : a species of tree, [L.]

hasta : (in prosody) an anapest, [Col.]

hasta : quantity, abundance, mass (ifc. after words signifying ‘hair’; cf. keśa-h°)

hasta : N. of a guardian of the Soma, [Sāy.]

hasta : of a son of Vasudeva, [BhP.]

hasta : of another man, [Rājat.]

hasta : hásta (am), n. a pair of leather bellows, [L.]

hasta : hásta mfn. born under the Nakṣatra Hasta, [Pāṇ. iv, 3, 34] [cf., accord. to some Gk. ἀγοστός]

eva : evá ind. (in the Saṃhitā also evā́) (√ i, [Uṇ. i, 152]; fr. pronom. base e, [BRD.], probably connected with 2. éva), so, just so, exactly so (in the sense of the later evam), [RV.]; [AV.]

eva : indeed, truly, really (often at the beginning of a verse in conjunction with other particles, as id, hi), [RV.]

eva : (in its most frequent use of strengthening the idea expressed by any word, must be variously rendered by such adverbs as) just, exactly, very, same, only, even, alone, merely, immediately on, still, already, &c. (e.g. tvam eva yantā nānyo 'sti pṛthivyām, thou alone art a charioteer, no other is on earth, i.e. thou art the best charioteer, [MBh. iii, 2825]; tāvatīm eva rātrim, just so long as a night; evam eva or tathaiva, exactly so, in this manner only; in the same manner as above; tenaiva mantreṇa, with the same Mantra as above; apaḥ spṛṣṭvaiva, by merely touching water; tān eva, these very persons; na cirād eva, in no long time at all; japyenaiva, by sole repetition; abhuktvaiva, even without having eaten; iti vadann eva, at the very moment of saying so; sa jīvann eva, he while still living, &c.), [RV.] &c., [MBh.] &c.

eva : (sometimes, esp. in connection with other adverbs, is a mere expletive without any exact meaning and not translatable, e.g. tv eva, caiva, eva ca, &c.; according to native authorities implies emphasis, affirmation, detraction, diminution, command, restrainment);

eva : [cf. Zd. aeva; Goth. aiv; Old Germ. eo, io; Mod. Germ. je.]

eva : éva mfn. (√ i), going, moving, speedy, quick, [TBr. iii]; [Uṇ.]

eva : éva (as), m. course, way (generally instr. pl.), [RV.]

eva : the earth, world, [VS. xv, 4]; [5] [[Mahīdh.]]

eva : a horse, [RV. i, 158, 3] [[Sāy.]]

eva : éva (ās), m. pl. way or manner of acting or proceeding, conduct, habit, usage, custom, [RV.]

eva : éva m.

eva : [cf. Gk. αἰές, αἰών; Lat. aevu-m; Goth. aivs; O. H. G. êwa and Angl.Sax. êu, êo, ‘custom’, ‘law’; Germ. Ehe.]

grāhya : grāhyà mfn. to be seized or taken or held, [RV. x, 109, 3]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.

grāhya : to be clasped or spanned, [Kathās. lxxiv, 217]

grāhya : to be captured or imprisoned, [Yājñ. ii, 267] & [283]; [MBh.] &c.

grāhya : to be overpowered, [Prab. ii, 8/9]

grāhya : (a- neg.), [R. B. iii, 33, 16]

grāhya : to be picked or gathered, [R. iv, 43, 29]

grāhya : to be received or accepted or gained, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.

grāhya : to be taken in marriage, [xiii, 5091]

grāhya : to be received in a friendly or hospitable manner, [xii, 6282]

grāhya : to be insisted upon, [Kathās. xvii, 83]

grāhya : to be chosen or taken account of [Rājat. iv, 612]

grāhya : to be perceived or recognised or understood, [Mn. i, 7]; [MBh.] &c. (cf. a-)

grāhya : (in astron.) to be observed, [VarBṛS.]

grāhya : to be considered, [R. v], [vii]; [VarBṛS. lxi, 19]

grāhya : to be understood in a particular sense, meant, [Vop. vi, 15]; [Pāṇ.], Sch.

grāhya : to be accepted as a rule or law, to be acknowledged or assented to, to be attended to or obeyed, to be admitted in evidence, [Mn. viii, 78]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.

grāhya : to be undertaken or followed (a vow), [Kathās. vcii, 38]

grāhya : to be put (as confidence) in (loc.), [lviii, 36]

grāhya : grāhyà m. an eclipsed globe (sun or moon), [Sūryas.]

grāhya : grāhyà n. poison ([NBD.]; ‘a present’, [BRD.]), [L.]

grāhya : the objects of sensual perception, [Yogas. i, 41]

ādhi : ā-dhí m. (for 2. See p. 139, col. 2) a receptacle, [BhP. xi, 13, 33]

ādhi : place, situation, [L.]

ādhi : foundation, [Nyāyam.]

ādhi : a pledge, deposit, pawn, mortgage, [RV.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]

ādhi : hire, rent, [Āp.]

ādhi : an attribute, title, epithet (cf. upādhi), [L.]

ādhi : ā-dhi See under ā-√ dhā and ā-√ dhyai.

ādhi : ā-dhí is, m. thought, care, anxious reflection, mental agony, anxiety, pain, [TS.]; [MBh.]; [Yājñ.] &c.

ādhi : reflection on religion or duty, [L.]

ādhi : hope, expectation, [L.]

ādhi : misfortune, [L.]

ādhi : a man solicitous for his family's livelihood, [L.]

ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

brahmajāyā : brahma—jāyā́ f. the wife of a Brāhman, [RV. x, 109]

brahmajāyā : (with juhū) N. of the supposed authoress of this hymn, [Anukr.]

iyam : iyám f. nom. sg. of the demonstrative pronoun idám, q.v.

ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

iti : f. ityaí (dat.) See √ i above

iti : (for 2. See s.v.)

iti : íti ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), in this manner, thus (in its original signification íti refers to something that has been said or thought, or lays stress on what precedes; in the Brāhmaṇas it is often equivalent to ‘as you know’, reminding the hearer or reader of certain customs, conditions, &c. supposed to be known to him). In quotations of every kind íti means that the preceding words are the very words which some person has or might have spoken, and placed thus at the end of a speech it serves the purpose of inverted commas (íty uktvā, having so said; íti kṛtvā, having so considered, having so decided). It may often have reference merely to what is passing in the mind, e.g. bālo 'pi nāvamantavyo manuṣya íti bhūmipaḥ, a king, though a child, is not to be despised, saying to one's self, ‘he is a mortal’, ([Gr. 928.]) In dram. íti tathā karoti means ‘after these words he acts thus’. Sometimes íti is used to include under one head a number of separate objects aggregated together (e.g. ijyādhyayanadānāni tapaḥ satyaṃ kṣamā damaḥ . alobha íti mārgo 'yam, ‘sacrificing, studying, liberality, penance, truth, patience, self-restraint, absence of desire’, this course of conduct, &c.) íti is sometimes followed by evam, iva, or a demonstrative pronoun pleonastically (e.g. tām brūyād bhavatīty evam, her he may call ‘lady’, thus). íti may form an adverbial compound with the name of an author (e.g. íti-pāṇini, thus according to Pāṇini). It may also express the act of calling attention (lo! behold!) It may have some other significations, e.g. something additional (as in ítyādi, et caetera), order, arrangement specific or distinctive, and identity. It is used by native commentators after quoting a rule to express ‘according to such a rule’ (e.g. anudāttaṅita íty ātmanepadam bhavati, according to the rule of Pāṇini, [i, 3, 12], the Ātmane-pada takes place). kim íti = kim, wherefore, why? (In the Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa ti occurs for íti; cf. Prākṛt ti and tti.)

iti : ‘and so forth’ (iti ceti ca, ‘thus and thus’, ‘in this and that manner’), [MBh.]

cet : Nom. (fr. cétas) °tati ([Vop. xxi, 8]; aor. 3. pl. acetiṣur) to recover consciousness, [Bhaṭṭ. xv, 109.]

cet : Nom. °tati. See √ cit.

cet : See céd.

ced : céd ind. ([Padap.] ca id) (never found at the beginning of a sentence or verse) = ca, ‘and’, [AV. ii, 30, 2] (céd-ca, ‘as well as’), [xviii, 2, 37]

ced : ‘when’ (the verb being accentuated, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 30]), [RV. vii, 74, 4]; [viii, 79, 5]; [x, 109, 3]; [AV. v, 17, 8]

ced : ‘if’ (the verb being accentuated, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 30]; with pr. [[AV. xii, 4, 21]; [ŚBr.] &c.; cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 8] f. & [132], [Kāś.]] Subj. [[AV. vi, 122, 2]], Pot. [[xii, 4, 48]; [ŚBr. xiv]; [Mn.] &c. (for Cond., [MBh. v, 960] & [Rājat. v, 478]); cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 9] and [156], [Kāś.]], perf. [[AV. vi, 51, 3]; [MBh. xii, 986 ff.]; perf. p., [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 132], [Kāś.]], aor. [[AV. iv, 28, 4]; [xii, 4, 18]; cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 132], [Kāś.]], fut. [[ŚBr. i], [xiv]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Śak.]; cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 8 f.]; [132 f.] and [156], [Kāś.]], Cond. [[MBh. vii, 3423]; [Śak.]; cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 139], [Kāś.]], perf. or fut. Pass. p. or with an auxiliary verb to be supplied, [AV. ix, 5, 6]; [xii, 2, 36]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c.)

ced : atha ced ‘but if’, [MBh. v, 2775]; [Bhag. ii, 33]; [xviii, 58]

ced : api ced ‘even’, [Hariv. 11308]

ced : iti cen (often placed at the end of an objector's statement) ‘if it be argued that …’, na ‘no, it is not so’, [Bādar. ii, 1, 35]; [Sarvad. ii, 158]

ced : na ced (g. cādi, also separated by the verb [[MBh.]] or the verb preceded by na placed at the end of the sentence [[ŚBr. xiv, 6, 8, 1]; [Bhag. ii, 33]; [xviii, 58]; [Hit.]], rarely cen na in reversed order beginning the apodosis, [Sāṃkhyak. 1]; [Sāh.]; [Śrut.]; [Hit.]) ‘if not’ (= no ced forming a sentence by itself, [ŚBr. xiv, 7, 2, 15]), [ŚBr. xiv]; [ŚāṅkhŚr. i, 17, 1]; [Mn.] &c.

ced : no ced (g. cādi) id. (forming a sentence by itself. e.g. dūram apasara no ced dhantavyo 'si mayā, ‘depart to a distance, if not i.e. if thou departest not, thou art to be killed by me’), [MBh. xii, 7, 21] and [29, 145]; [Pañcat.]; [Kathās.]; [Vet.]; [Hit.]

ced : no ced exceptionally = na ced (beginning a sentence), [MBh. xiii, 5809]

ced : na ced or no ced (with Pot.) ‘would that not!’ (e.g. no cet pradahet, ‘would that he did not burn down!’), [v, 676 ff.] and [966]

ced : na ced or no ced (with pr. or Pot., the apodosis containing an Impv.) ‘if not’ i.e. ‘in order that not’, [2714]; [RV. v, 80, 24]

ced : yadi ced (also separated by the verb) = , ‘if’ (with pr. Pot. fut.), [MBh. i, 2403]; [Hariv. 11895]; [R. ii, 8, 34] and [48, 19] (cf. ned.)

vac : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 55]) vakti (occurs only in sg. vacmi, vakṣi, vakti, and Impv. vaktu; Ved. also cl. 3. P. vívakti; pf. uvā́ca, ūj, [RV.] &c. &c.; uváktha, [AV.]; vavāca, vavakṣé, [RV.]; aor. avocat, °cata, [RV.] &c. &c.; in Veda also Subj. vocati, °te, vecāti; Pot. vocét, °ceta; Impv. vocatu; Prec. ucyāsam, [Br.]; fut. vaktā́, [ib.] &c.; vakṣyáti, [RV.] &c. &c.; °te, [MBh.]; Cond. avakṣyat, [Br.]; [Up.]; inf. váktum, [Br.] &c.; °tave, [RV.]; °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. uktvā́, [Br.] &c.; -úcya, [ib.]), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with acc. with or without prati dat. or gen. of pers., and acc. of thing; often with double acc., e.g. tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca, ‘he spoke this speech to him’; with double acc. also ‘to name, call’, Ā. with nom. ‘one's self’; with punar, ‘to speak again, repeat’; or ‘to answer, reply’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to reproach, revile (acc.), [Hariv.]; [R.] : Pass. ucyáte (aor. avāci, or in later language avoci), to be spoken or said or told or uttered &c., [RV.] &c. &c. (yad ucyate, ‘what the saying is’); to resound, [RV.]; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (nom., [L.] also loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. vācayati, °te (Pot. vācayīta, [ĀśvGṛ.]; aor. avīvacat; Pass. vācyate), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with double acc.; often the object is to be supplied), [Br.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause anything written or printed to speak i.e. to read out loud, [Hariv.]; [Kāv.]; [Kathās.] &c.; ([Dhātup. xxxiv, 35]) to say, tell, declare, [Bhaṭṭ.]; to promise, [MBh.] : Desid. vivakṣati, °te (Pass. vivakṣyate), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (Pass.) to be meant, [Śaṃk.]; [Sarvad.] : Intens. (only ávāvacīt) to call or cry aloud, [RV. x, 102, 6.]

vac : [cf. Gk. ἐπ for ϝεπ in ἔπος, εῖπον, ὄψ, ὄσσα &c.; Lat. vocare, vox; Germ. gi-waht, gi-wahinnen, er-wähnen.]

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

dūta : dūtá m. (prob. fr. √ 1. du; cf. dūrá) a messenger, envoy, ambassador, negotiator, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c. (°taya Nom. P. °yati, to employ as messenger or ambassador, [Naiṣ.])

hi : (cf. √ hay) cl. 5. P. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 11]) hinóti (Ved. also hinuté, hínvati and hinváti, °te; p. hinvāná [with act. and pass. sense] [RV.]; háyat, [RV.]; [TS.]; 1. sg. hiṣe, [RV.]; pf. jighāya, jighyuḥ, [Br.] &c.; jighye [with pass. sense] [Bhaṭṭ.]; aor. áhema, ahyan, heta p. hiyāná [with pass. sense] [RV.]; ahyam [?], áhait, [AV.]; ahaiṣīt, [Br.]; aheṣata, [RV.]; fut. hetā Gr.; heṣyati, [MBh.] &c.; inf. -hyé, [RV.]), to send forth, set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (Ā. also intrans.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to stimulate or incite to (dat.), [RV.]; to assist or help to (dat.), [ib.]; to discharge, hurl, cast, shoot, [RV.]; to convey, bring, procure, [ib.]; [ŚBr.]; to forsake, abandon, get rid of [Bhaṭṭ.]; (hinvati) to gladden, delight, [Dhātup. xv, 82] : Pass. hīyate (aor. ahāyi) Gr.: Caus. hāyayati (aor. ajīhayat), [ib.] : Desid. of Caus. jihāpayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. jighīṣati, [ib.] : Intens. jeghīyate, jeghayīti, jegheti, [ib.]

hi : hí ind. (used as a particle [cf. ha and gha] and usually denoting) for, because, on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns; e.g. sárvo hí pṛ́tanā jigīṣati, ‘for everybody wishes to win battles’; bhavān hi pramāṇam, ‘for your honour is the authority’; tathā hi, ‘for example’, ‘accordingly’; ná hí or nahí, ‘for not’, ‘not at all’), [RV.] &c. &c.

hi : just, pray, do (with an Impv. or Pot. emphatically; sometimes with Indic., e.g. paśyāmo hi, ‘we will just see’), [ib.]

hi : indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly (hí vaí, ‘most assuredly’; hi-tu or hi-punar, ‘indeed-but’; often a mere expletive, esp. to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; is also said to be an interjection of ‘envy’, ‘contempt’, ‘hurry’ &c.), [ib.]

sthā : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 30]) tíṣṭhati, °te (pf. tasthaú, tasthe, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. ásthāt, ásthita, [ib.]; 3. pl. asthiran, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; āsthat [?] [AV.]; asthiṣi, °ṣata, [Br.] &c.; Subj. sthāti, sthā́thaḥ, [RV.]; Prec. stheyāt, [ib.]; stheṣam, °ṣuḥ [?] [AV.]; sthāsīṣṭa Gr.; fut. sthātā, [MBh.] &c.; sthāsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. sthā́tum, [ib.]; °tos, [Br.]; [GṛŚrS.]; -sthitum, [R.]; ind.p. sthitvā, [MBh.] &c.; -sthā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.; -sthāyam, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to stand, stand firmly, station one's self, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on (with pādābhyām, ‘to stand on the feet’; with jānubhyām, ‘to kneel’; with agre or agratas and gen., ‘to stand or present one's self before’; with puras and with or without gen., ‘to stand up against an enemy &c.’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action (e.g. with kanyā, ‘to remain a girl or unmarried’; with tūṣṇīm or with maunena instr. ‘to remain silent’; with sukham, ‘to continue or feel well’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with loc.; e.g. with rājye, ‘to continue governing’; with śāsane, ‘to practise obedience’; with bale, ‘to exercise power’; with sva-dharme, ‘to do one's duty’; with sva-karmaṇi, ‘to keep to one's own business’; with saṃśaye, ‘to persist in doubting’; also with ind.p., e.g. dharmam āśritya, ‘to practise virtue’), [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to continue to be or exist (as opp. to ‘perish’), endure, last, [TS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand, [AV.] &c. &c.; to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dat. gen., or loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (Ā. mc. also P. cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 23]; [4, 34]) to stand by, abide by, be near to, be on the side of, adhere or submit to, acquiesce in, serve, obey (loc. or dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate (see under sthitvā below), [RV.] &c. &c.; to behave or conduct one's self (with samam, ‘to behave equally towards any one’ loc.); to be directed to or fixed on (loc.), [Hariv.]; [Kathās.]; to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (loc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; to rely on, confide in (loc., e.g. mayi sthitvā, ‘confiding in me’), [Bhaṭṭ.]; to stay at, resort to (acc.), [R.]; to arise from (abl. or gen.), [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to desist or cease from (abl.), [Kathās.]; to remain unnoticed (as of no importance), be left alone (only Impv. and Pot.), [Kāv.]; [Pañcat.] : Pass. sthīyate (aor. asthāyi), to be stood &c. (frequently used impers., e.g. mayā sthīyatām, ‘let it be abided by me’ i.e. ‘I must abide’), [Br.] &c. &c.: Caus. sthāpayati, °te (aor. átiṣṭhipat; ind.p. sthāpayitvā [q.v.] and -sthā́pam: Pass. sthāpyate), to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute, [AV.] &c. &c.; to set up, erect, raise, build, [MBh.]; [R.]; to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.; to prop up, support, maintain, [MBh.]; [Hcat.]; to affirm, assent, [Sāh.]; [Nyāyas.], Sch.; to appoint (to any office loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (two acc.; with dhātrīm, ‘to employ any one as a nurse’; with rakṣārtham, ‘to appoint any one as guardian’; with sajjam, ‘to make anything ready’ ; with su-rakṣitam, ‘to keep anything well guarded’; with svīkṛtya, ‘to make anything one's own’; with pariśeṣam, ‘to leave anything over or remaining’), [ŚvetUp.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to fix, settle, determine, resolve, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to fix in or on, lead or bring into, direct or turn towards (loc., rarely acc.; with hṛdi, ‘to impress on the heart’; with manas, ‘to fix the mind on’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (loc., e.g. with naye, ‘to instruct in a plan or system’), [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; to make over or deliver up to (loc. or haste with gen., ‘into the hands of’), [Yājñ.]; [Ratnāv.]; [Kathās.]; to give in marriage, [MBh.]; to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain (with baddhvā, ‘to keep bound or imprisoned’), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to place aside, keep, save, preserve, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] : Desid. of Caus. -sthāpayiṣati (see saṃ-√ sthā) : Desid. tíṣṭhāsati, to wish to stand &c., [ŚBr.] : Intens. teṣṭhīyate; tāstheti, tāsthāti Gr.

sthā : [cf. Gk. ἱ-στάναι; Lat. stare; Lith. stóti; Slav. stati; Germ. stân, stehen; Eng. stand.]

sthā : sthā́ (or ṣṭhā́), mfn. (nom. m. n. sthā́s) standing, stationary (often ifc. = ‘standing, being, existing in or on or among’, cf. agni-ṣṭhā, ṛta-sthā &c.), [RV.]; [PañcavBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]

eṣā : éṣā f. wish, [L.];

eṣa : eṣá mfn. gliding, running, hastening, [RV.]

eṣa : eṣá (nom. m. of etád, q.v.)

eṣa : éṣa mfn. (fr. √ iṣ) ifc. seeking, [ŚBr. xiii]

eṣa : éṣa m. the act of seeking or going after, [RV. x, 48, 9]

eṣa : (eṣá), wish, option, [RV. i, 180, 4], (cf. svaīṣá)

eṣa : [cf. Zd. aêsha; O. H. G. ērā.]

tathā : tá-thā ind. (tá-thā, correlative of yá-thā, [Pāṇ. v, 3, 26]; g. cādi, [Kāś.] & [Gaṇar.]) in that manner, so, thus (the correlative standing in the preceding or in the subsequent clause, e.g. yathā priyaṃ, tathāstu, ‘as is agreeable, so let it be’; tathā prayatnam ātiṣṭhed yathātmānaṃ na pīḍayet, ‘he should so make effort as that he may not injure himself’, [Mn. vii, 68]; tathā tathā-yathā, so much that, [VP. iv]; also correlative of iva, [Mn. iii, 181]; [R. i, 4, 12]; of yena, [Kathās. iii, 18]; of yādṛśa, [Mn. i, 42]; used in forms of adjuration, e.g. yathāham anyaṃ na cintaye tathāyam patatāṃ kṣudraḥ parāsuḥ, ‘as surely as I do not think on any other man, so surely let this wretch fall dead’, [Nal. xi, 36]), [RV.] &c.

tathā : yes, so be it, so it shall be (particle of assent, agreement, or promise; generally followed by iti), [AV. iii, 4, 5]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c. (tathety uktvā, having said ‘so be it’ or ‘yes’, [Nal.] &c.)

tathā : so also, in like manner (e.g. sukhaṃ seved duḥkhaṃ tathā, ‘let him make use of prosperity and also adversity’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

tathā : = tathā hi, [Nal. xix, 25]

tathā : tá°thā ca and likewise, accordingly (introducing quotations), [Mn. ix, 19] and [45]; [Dhūrtas.]; [Hit.]

tathā : tá°thāpi even thus, even so, nevertheless, yet, still, notwithstanding (correlative of yady api [[R. iii, 3, 3]; [Dhūrtas.] &c.], api [[Amar.]], api yadi [[Prab.]], kāmam [[Śak.]], varam), [MBh.] &c.

tathā : tathāpi tu id., [Śak.]

tathā : tá°thā hi (g. svar-ādi) for so, for thus (it has been said), for instance, [Ragh.]; [Śak.] &c.

tathā : tá°thaiva exactly so, in like manner, [Mn.] &c.

tathā : tá°thaiva (with ca or api following) likewise, [Mn.] &c.

tathā : atho tathā id., [ib.]

tathā : yathā tathā in whatever way, in any way, by all means, [iv, 17]; [MBh. i, 45, 17]; [vii, 6332]; [Nal.]; [Naiṣ. ix, 29]

tathā : yathā yathā — tathā tathā in whatever manner or degree-in that manner or degree the more-the more, [Mn.]; [MBh.] ([Nal. viii, 14]), [VarBṛS. xi]; [Vet.]

tathā : yathā yathā — tathā tathā cf. yathā-tatham, a- and vi-tatha.

rāṣṭra : See s.v.

rāṣṭra : rāṣṭrá m. n. (fr. √ rāj; g. ardharcādi; m. only, [MBh. xiii, 3050]) a kingdom ([Mn. vii, 157] one of the 5 Prakṛtis of the state), realm, empire, dominion, district, country, [RV.] &c. &c.

rāṣṭra : a people, nation, subjects, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

rāṣṭra : any public calamity (as famine, plague &c.), affliction, [L.]

rāṣṭra : rāṣṭrá m. N. of a king (son of Kāśi), [BhP.]

gup : cl. 4. P. °pyati (p. Ā. gupyamāna, in Prākṛt guppam° [Jain.]), to become perplexed or confused, [Dhātup. xxvi, 123.]

gup : (for pr. &c. See gopaya & °pāya, from which the root is derived [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 28] & [31]]; perf. jugopa, [MBh.] &c.; 3. pl. jugupur, [RV. vii, 103, 9]; [AV.] &c.; fut. 2nd gopsyati, [AV.]; [ŚBr. vi] &c.; fut. 1st goptā or gopitā, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 44]; aor. agaupsīt or agopīt, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 50], [Kāś.]) to guard, defend, protect, preserve (from abl.), [RV. vii, 103, 9]; [AV.] &c.; to hide, conceal, [Śiś. xvi, 30] (inf. gopitum) : Caus. gopayati &c. See ss.vv. gopaya and °pāya: Desid. Ā. jugupsate ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 5]; ep. also P. °ti) to seek to defend one's self from (abl.), be on one's guard (cf. [i, 4, 24], Vārtt. 1), [ŚāṅkhGṛ. iv, 12]; [Gobh.]; [ChUp. v, 10, 8]; to beware of, shun, avoid, detest, spurn, despise (with acc.), [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to feel offended or hurt, [MBh. i, 6375]; [iii, 1934] : Desid. of Desid. jugupsiṣate, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 7], Vārtt. 15, [Pat.]; [vi, 1, 9], [Kāś.]

gup : mfn. ifc. ‘defending, protecting’, see dharma-

gup : being on one's guard or preserving one's self from, [Naiṣ. vi, 66.]

kṣatriya : kṣatríya mfn. ([Pāṇ. iv, 1, 38]; g. śreṇyādi) governing, endowed with sovereignty, [RV.]; [AV. iv, 22, 1]; [VS.]; [TBr. ii]

kṣatriya : kṣatríya m. a member of the military or reigning order (which in later times constituted the second caste), [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c.

kṣatriya : kṣatríya m. (ifc. f(A). ), [MBh.]

kṣatriya : kṣatríya m. N. of a Daśa-pūrvin, [Jain.]

kṣatriya : a red horse, [Gal.]

kṣatriya : N. of a people, [VarBṛS. xiv, 28]

kṣatriya : kṣatríya n. the power or rank of the sovereign, [RV. iv, 12, 3]; [v, 69, 1]; [vii, 104, 13]; [AV. vi, 76, 3.]