sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

samudra : sam-udrá m. (n. only, [RV. vi, 72, 3]; ifc. f(A). cf. udrá, an-udrá; for sa-mudra See p. 1168, col. 2) ‘gathering together of waters’, the sea, ocean (in Veda also ‘the aerial waters’, ‘atmospheric ocean or sky’ [cf. [Naigh. i, 3]]; in [VP. ii, 4], seven circular concentric [elsewhere 3 or 4] oceans are named, viz. lavaṇa, ‘salt-water’; ikṣu, ‘syrup’; surā, ‘wine’; ghṛta, ‘clarified butter’; dadhi, ‘curds’; dugdha, ‘milk’; jala, ‘fresh water’; in later language the Ocean is often personified as king of the rivers), [RV.] &c. &c.

samudra : N. of the number, four (four principal oceans being reckoned by some, one for every quarter of the sky), [Gaṇit.]

samudra : a large Soma vessel, [RV. vi, 69, 6]; [ix, 29, 3] &c.

samudra : N. of an immensely high number (1 with 14 cyphers), [TS.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [MBh.]

samudra : a partic. configuration of the stars and planets (when the 7 planets are situated in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th houses), [VarBṛS.]

samudra : = rukma, [VS.], Sch.

samudra : N. of Śiva, [MBh.]

samudra : of a Daitya, [Hariv.]

samudra : of various authors (also with sūri), [Cat.]

samudra : of the son of a merchant born on the sea, [Buddh.]

samudra : of other men, [HPariś.]

samudra : of a wk. quoted by Padmanābha, [Cat.]

samudra : of a place, [ib.]

samudra : sam-udrá m. n. N. of two Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]

samudra : of various metres, [TS.]; [Nidānas.] &c.

samudra : sa-mudra mf(A)n. (for sam-udra See p. 1166, col. 3) having a stamp or seal, stamped, sealed, marked, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [Mudr.]

adhi : m. (better ādhi, q.v.), anxiety

adhi : f. a woman in her courses (= avi, q.v.), [L.]

adhi : ádhi ind., as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides. As a separable adverb or preposition

adhi : (with abl.) Ved. over

adhi : from above, from

adhi : from the presence of

adhi : after, [AitUp.]

adhi : for

adhi : instead of [RV. i, 140, 11], (with loc.) Ved. over

adhi : on

adhi : at

adhi : in comparison with

adhi : (with acc.) over, upon, concerning.

vi : ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).

vi : [cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]

vi : n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]

vi : ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)

vi : sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)

vi : in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)

vi : it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article

vi : but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.

kṣar : cl. 1. P. kṣárati (ep. also Ā. °te; Ved. cl. 2. P. kṣariti, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 34]; Subj. kṣarat; impf. ákṣarat; aor. 3. sg. akṣār (cf. [Nir. v, 3]); akṣārīt, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 2]; p. kṣárat; inf. kṣáradhyai, [RV. i, 63, 8]), to flow, stream, glide, distil, trickle, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [R.] &c.; to melt away, wane, perish, [Mn.]; [MBh. iii, 7001]; to fall or slip from, be deprived of (abl.), [MBh. xiii, 4716]; to cause to flow, pour out, [RV.]; [AV. vii, 18, 2]; [Mn. ii, 107]; [MBh.] &c. (with mūtram, ‘to urine’, [Car. ii, 4]); to give forth a stream, give forth anything richly, [MBh.]; [Hariv. 8898] (pf. cakṣāra), [R.]; [Ragh.] : Caus. kṣārayati, to cause to flow (as urine), [Vait.]; to overflow or soil with acrid substances (cf. kṣāra), [MārkP. viii, 142] (cf. kṣārita.)

tena : m. a note or cadence introductory to a song.

tena : téna ind. (instr. of tá) in that direction, there (correl. to yena, ‘in which direction, where’), [SaddhP. iv]; [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 14], [Kāś.]

tena : in that manner, thus (correl. to yena, ‘in what manner’), [PārGṛ. ii, 2]; [Mn. iv, 178]; [Vop. v, 7]

tena : on that account, for that reason, therefore (correl. to yena [[Mn.]; [MBh.]], yád [[ŚBr. iv, 1, 5, 7]; [Mn. i], [iii]; [R. ii]], yasmāt [[MBh.]; [R.]], yatas [[Sāh. i, 2]; [Hit.]])

tena : tena hi, therefore, now then, [Śak.]; [Vikr. i, 3]/[4.]

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

jīvanti : m. N. of a man and (pl.) his descendants, [Pravar. i, 1]

jīvanti : also in comp. for °tī.

jīv : cl. 1. jī́vati (ep. also Ā.; Subj. °vāti, [RV. x, 85, 39]; [AV.]; °vāt, [RV. i, 84, 16]; p. jī́vat; aor. ajivīt; jīvīt, [AV.]; pf. jijīva; fut. jīviṣyáti; Prec. °vyā́sam, °vyāsma, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; inf. jī́vitum, [xiv]; [MBh.] &c.; Ved. °vāse, [RV.]; [VS.]; [MBh. i, 732]; jī́vitavaí, [AV. vi, 109, 1]) to live, be or remain alive, [RV.] &c.; to revive, [Pañcat. iv, 5, 0/1]; [BhP. iv, 6, 51]; (with punar), [MBh.]; to live by (instr.; exceptionally loc., [v, 1059 f.]), [Mn.]; [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 12]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. jīváyati (ep. also Ā.; aor. ajījivat or ajijīv°, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 3]) to make alive, restore to life, vivify, [RV. x, 137, 1]; [ĀśvŚr. vi, 9]; [MBh.] &c.; to support life, keep alive, [MBh.] &c.; to nourish, bring up, [i], [xiii]; [Kathās. iii, 17 f.]; [Rājat. v, 72]; to shout ‘jīva’ (i.e. long live!), [Kathās. cxxiv, 113]; jīvāpayati (cf. °pita) to restore to life, [Vet. ii, 9/10] : Desid. jijīviṣati (Ā. [BhP. xi, 7, 70]) to wish to live, [KātyŚr. xxii]; [Lāṭy. viii]; [ĪśUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to seek a livelihood, wish to live by (instr.), [Mn. x, 121]; [MBh. v, 702]; jújyūṣati id., [ŚBr. iii, 2, 4, 16] and [5, 3, 11]; cf. jijyūṣita;

jīv : [cf. Lat. vivo; Lith. gīvēnu.]

pradiś : pra-√ diś P. Ā. -diśati, °te, to point out, show, indicate, declare, appoint, fix, ordain, [RV.] &c. &c.; to direct, bid, urge, [R.]; to assign, apportion, grant, [Mn.]; [MBh.] (-diśyati, [i, 6472]), [Kāv.] &c.: Caus. -deśayati, to urge on, incite, [MBh.]; [R.] : Intens. (pr. p. -dédiśat), to animate, [RV.]

pradiś : pra-díś f. pointing to or out, indication, direction, order, command, dominion, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

pradiś : a direction, quarter, region of the sky, [ib.]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.] (acc. pl. ‘in all directions, everywhere’, [MBh.]; with pitryā, ‘the region of the Pitṛs’ i.e. the south, [AV.])

pradiś : an intermediate point or half-quarter (as northeast), [AV.]; &c.

catur : catúr °tvā́ras m. pl., °tvā́ri n. pl., 4 (acc. m. °túras instr. °túrbhis [for f., [R. iv, 39, 33]] gen. °turṇā́m abl. °túrbhyas; class. instr. dat. abl., and loc. also oxyt. [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 180 f.]; ifc. [Kāś.] & [Siddh.] on [Pāṇ. vii, 1, 55] and [98 ff.]; for f. See cátasṛ);

catur : [cf. τέσσαρες, τέτταρες, Aeol. πίσυρες; Goth. fidvor; Lat. quatuor; Cambro-Brit. pedwar, pedair; Hib. ceathair; Lith. keturi; Slav. cetyrje.]

tatas : tá—tas (tá-), see s.v.

tatas : tátas ind. (tā-tas, correlative of yá-tas) used for the abl. (sg. du. and pl.) of tád (q.v., [Pāṇ. v, 3, 7 f.]; [vi, 3, 35]), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ĪśUp.]; [Mn.] &c.

tatas : from that place, thence, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.,

tatas : in that place, there, [MBh.] &c.

tatas : thither, [Mn. vii, 188]; [R. i, 44, 34]; [Kathās.]

tatas : thereupon, then, after that, afterwards (sometimes corresponding to preceding particles like ágre, puras, pūrvam, prathamam, prāk, [ŚBr. xiv]; [Mn. ii, 60]; [Śak.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; corresponding to prathamá, [RV. i, 83, 5]; also correlative of yád [[x, 85, 5] and [121, 7]; [AV. xii, 4, 7 ff.]], yátra [[ŚBr. i]], yadā [[Nal. xx]; [R.]], yadi [[ChUp.]; [Nal.] &c.], ced [[TUp. ii, 6]; [Śak. v, 28/29] v.l.]; often superfluous after an ind.p. or after tadā or atha, [Mn.] &c.)

tatas : from that, in consequence of that, for that reason, consequently, [AV.]; [MBh. xii, 13626]; [R. vi]; [Hit.]

tatas : tá°taḥ katham but, how is it then that? [Sāh. iii, 200/210]

tatas : °taḥ kṣaṇam or °ṇāt, immediately afterwards, [Kathās.]

tatas : tá°taḥ pára mfn. beyond that, [AV. xviii, 2, 32]

tatas : tá°taḥ páraṃ ind. besides that, further, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 10]; [Kār.]

tatas : tá°taḥ páraṃ ind. thereupon, afterwards, [MBh.] &c. (°taś ca param, [VP. iv])

tatas : tá°taḥ paścāt id., [Mn. iii, 116 f.]; [MBh.] &c.

tatas : tá°taḥ-prabhṛti thenceforth, [Nal. ii], [i]; [Pañcat.] &c.

tatas : tá°tas tataḥ (in dram.) what then? what took place after that? [Ratnāv.]; [Hit.]

tatas : tá°tas tataḥ, from that and that place, here and there, hither and thither, from all sides, to everyplace, everywhere, [PārGṛ. iii, 13, 6]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [BhP.]

tatas : tá°tas tataḥ (correlative of yato-yataḥ, from whatever place, wherever) to that place, [Śak. i, 23]; [BhP.]

tatas : ta°to 'nyatas, ‘to another place than that’, to some other place, [Mn. ii, 200]

tatas : ta°to 'nyatra = tasmād anyasmin, [L.]

tatas : tá°to 'param afterwards, at another time, [AitBr. vii, 17, 4]

tatas : [cf. τότε, τόθεν],

kṣar : cl. 1. P. kṣárati (ep. also Ā. °te; Ved. cl. 2. P. kṣariti, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 34]; Subj. kṣarat; impf. ákṣarat; aor. 3. sg. akṣār (cf. [Nir. v, 3]); akṣārīt, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 2]; p. kṣárat; inf. kṣáradhyai, [RV. i, 63, 8]), to flow, stream, glide, distil, trickle, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [R.] &c.; to melt away, wane, perish, [Mn.]; [MBh. iii, 7001]; to fall or slip from, be deprived of (abl.), [MBh. xiii, 4716]; to cause to flow, pour out, [RV.]; [AV. vii, 18, 2]; [Mn. ii, 107]; [MBh.] &c. (with mūtram, ‘to urine’, [Car. ii, 4]); to give forth a stream, give forth anything richly, [MBh.]; [Hariv. 8898] (pf. cakṣāra), [R.]; [Ragh.] : Caus. kṣārayati, to cause to flow (as urine), [Vait.]; to overflow or soil with acrid substances (cf. kṣāra), [MārkP. viii, 142] (cf. kṣārita.)

akṣara : a-kṣára mfn. imperishable

akṣara : unalterable

akṣara : a-kṣára m. a sword, [L.]

akṣara : Śiva, [L.]

akṣara : Viṣṇu, [L.]

akṣara : a-kṣára n. a syllable

akṣara : the syllable om, [Mn.]

akṣara : a-kṣára n. a letter [m., [RāmatUp.]]

akṣara : a-kṣára n. a vowel

akṣara : a sound

akṣara : a word

akṣara : an indelible mark incised on metal or stone

akṣara : N. of Brahma

akṣara : final beatitude religious austerity, sacrifice, [L.]

akṣara : water, [RV. i, 34, 4] and [i, 164, 42]

akṣara : Achyranthes Aspera.

akṣara : a-kṣara (also) m. N. of a Sāman, [ĀrṣBr.]

akṣara : a-kṣara (erase ‘Achyranthes Aspera’)

tat : for tád. See col. 3.

tat : , 1. tatá. See √ tan

tat : in comp. for tád.

tat : mfn. ifc. See parī-

tat : cf. purī-tát.

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

viśva : víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one

viśva : whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c.

viśva : all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.

viśva : víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.]

viśva : N. of a class of gods, cf. below

viśva : N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.]

viśva : of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.]

viśva : of a king, [MBh.]

viśva : of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa

viśva : pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.;

viśva : víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c.

viśva : dry ginger, [Suśr.]

viśva : myrrh, [L.]

viśva : a mystical N. of the sound o, [Up.]

upa : úpa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (e.g. upa-√ gam, to go near, undergo; upa-gamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayur upa = upāyayuḥ, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (e.g. upa-kaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upa-purāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa; upa-daśa, nearly ten)

upa : sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (e.g. upa-mūlam, at the root; upa-pūrva-rātram, towards the beginning of night; upa-kūpe, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (e.g. upakūpa-jalāśaya, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well)

upa : prefixed to proper names may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ (e.g. upendra, ‘the younger brother of Indra’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (e.g. tatropa brahma yo veda, who further knows the Brahman), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [PārGṛ.] (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc., e.g. upa āśāḥ, towards the regions)

upa : near to, at, on, upon

upa : at the time of, upon, up to, in, above (with loc., e.g. upa sānuṣu, on the tops of the mountains)

upa : with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst., e.g. upa dharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] , besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.;

upa : [cf. Zd. upa; Gk. ὑπό; Lat. sub; Goth. uf; Old Germ. oba; Mod. Germ. ob in Obdach, obliegen, &c.]

jīv : cl. 1. jī́vati (ep. also Ā.; Subj. °vāti, [RV. x, 85, 39]; [AV.]; °vāt, [RV. i, 84, 16]; p. jī́vat; aor. ajivīt; jīvīt, [AV.]; pf. jijīva; fut. jīviṣyáti; Prec. °vyā́sam, °vyāsma, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; inf. jī́vitum, [xiv]; [MBh.] &c.; Ved. °vāse, [RV.]; [VS.]; [MBh. i, 732]; jī́vitavaí, [AV. vi, 109, 1]) to live, be or remain alive, [RV.] &c.; to revive, [Pañcat. iv, 5, 0/1]; [BhP. iv, 6, 51]; (with punar), [MBh.]; to live by (instr.; exceptionally loc., [v, 1059 f.]), [Mn.]; [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 12]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. jīváyati (ep. also Ā.; aor. ajījivat or ajijīv°, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 3]) to make alive, restore to life, vivify, [RV. x, 137, 1]; [ĀśvŚr. vi, 9]; [MBh.] &c.; to support life, keep alive, [MBh.] &c.; to nourish, bring up, [i], [xiii]; [Kathās. iii, 17 f.]; [Rājat. v, 72]; to shout ‘jīva’ (i.e. long live!), [Kathās. cxxiv, 113]; jīvāpayati (cf. °pita) to restore to life, [Vet. ii, 9/10] : Desid. jijīviṣati (Ā. [BhP. xi, 7, 70]) to wish to live, [KātyŚr. xxii]; [Lāṭy. viii]; [ĪśUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to seek a livelihood, wish to live by (instr.), [Mn. x, 121]; [MBh. v, 702]; jújyūṣati id., [ŚBr. iii, 2, 4, 16] and [5, 3, 11]; cf. jijyūṣita;

jīv : [cf. Lat. vivo; Lith. gīvēnu.]