ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

pūrva : pū́rva mf(A)n. (connected with purā, puras, pra, and declined like a pron. when implying relative position whether in place or time, but not necessarily in abl. loc. sg. m. n. and nom. pl. m.; see [Pāṇ. i, 1, 27]; [34]; [vii, 1, 16]) being before or in front, fore, first, [RV.] &c. &c.

pūrva : eastern, to the east of (abl.), [ib.]

pūrva : former, prior, preceding, previous to, earlier than (abl. or comp.), [ib.] (gaja-pūrva, preceding the number ‘eight’ i.e. seven, the seventh, [Śrutab.]; māsena p° or māsa-p°, earlier by a month, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 31]; ifc. often = formerly or before, e.g. strī-p°, formerly a wife; āḍhya-p°, formerly wealthy; esp. after a pp., e.g. kṛta-p°, done before, dṛṣṭa-p°, seen before; ifc. also preceded or accompanied by, attended with, e.g. smita-pūrvā vāk, speech accompanied by smiles; sometimes not translatable, e.g. mṛdu-pūrvā vāk, kind speech)

pūrva : ancient, old, customary, traditional, [RV.] &c. &c.

pūrva : first (in a series), initial, lowest (opp. to uttara; with dama or sāhasa ‘the lowest fine’), [Mn. viii, 120] &c.

pūrva : (with vayas) ‘first age’, youth, [MBh.]

pūrva : foregoing, aforesaid, mentioned before (abl.), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Pāṇ.]

pūrva : pū́rva m. an ancestor, forefather (pl. the ancients, ancestors), [RV.] &c. &c.

pūrva : an elder brother, [R.]

pūrva : N. of a prince, [BhP.]

pūrva : pū́rva n. the fore part, [Śak. ii, 4] (cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 1])

pūrva : a partic. high number (applied to a period of years), [Buddh.]

pūrva : N. of the most ancient of Jaina writings (of which 14 are enumerated), [L.]

pūrva : N. of a Tantra, [Cat.]

pūrva : an ancient tradition, [W.]

aparā : áparā f. the west, [L.]

aparā : the hind quarter of an elephant, [L.]

aparā : the womb, [L.]

aparā : f. (with vidyā) the exoteric Vedānta doctrine (as opp. to parā v°, ‘the esoteric’), [IndSt.]

apara : a-para mfn. having nothing beyond or after, having no rival or superior.

apara : ápara mf(A)n. (fr. ápa), posterior, later, latter (opposed to pū́rva; often in comp.)

apara : following

apara : western

apara : inferior, lower (opposed to pára)

apara : other, another (opposed to svá)

apara : different (with abl.)

apara : being in the west of

apara : distant, opposite. Sometimes is used as a conjunction to connect words or sentences, e.g. aparaṃ-ca, moreover

apara : ápara (as), m. the hind foot of an elephant, [Śiś.]

apara : also (e), m. pl. others (= anye, used to indicate a various reading), Hāla, Sch.

apara : apará (ám)/ [[RV. vi, 33, 5]], n. the future, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]

apara : [cf. Goth. and Old Germ. afar, and the Mod. Germ. aber, in such words as Aber-mal, Aber-witz].

pūrva : pū́rva mf(A)n. (connected with purā, puras, pra, and declined like a pron. when implying relative position whether in place or time, but not necessarily in abl. loc. sg. m. n. and nom. pl. m.; see [Pāṇ. i, 1, 27]; [34]; [vii, 1, 16]) being before or in front, fore, first, [RV.] &c. &c.

pūrva : eastern, to the east of (abl.), [ib.]

pūrva : former, prior, preceding, previous to, earlier than (abl. or comp.), [ib.] (gaja-pūrva, preceding the number ‘eight’ i.e. seven, the seventh, [Śrutab.]; māsena p° or māsa-p°, earlier by a month, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 31]; ifc. often = formerly or before, e.g. strī-p°, formerly a wife; āḍhya-p°, formerly wealthy; esp. after a pp., e.g. kṛta-p°, done before, dṛṣṭa-p°, seen before; ifc. also preceded or accompanied by, attended with, e.g. smita-pūrvā vāk, speech accompanied by smiles; sometimes not translatable, e.g. mṛdu-pūrvā vāk, kind speech)

pūrva : ancient, old, customary, traditional, [RV.] &c. &c.

pūrva : first (in a series), initial, lowest (opp. to uttara; with dama or sāhasa ‘the lowest fine’), [Mn. viii, 120] &c.

pūrva : (with vayas) ‘first age’, youth, [MBh.]

pūrva : foregoing, aforesaid, mentioned before (abl.), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Pāṇ.]

pūrva : pū́rva m. an ancestor, forefather (pl. the ancients, ancestors), [RV.] &c. &c.

pūrva : an elder brother, [R.]

pūrva : N. of a prince, [BhP.]

pūrva : pū́rva n. the fore part, [Śak. ii, 4] (cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 1])

pūrva : a partic. high number (applied to a period of years), [Buddh.]

pūrva : N. of the most ancient of Jaina writings (of which 14 are enumerated), [L.]

pūrva : N. of a Tantra, [Cat.]

pūrva : an ancient tradition, [W.]

abhi : abhí ind. (a prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) to, towards, into, over, upon. (As a prefix to verbs of motion) it expresses the notion or going towards, approaching, &c. (As a prefix to nouns not derived from verbs) it expresses superiority, intensity, &c.

abhi : e.g. abhi-tāmra, abhi-nava, q.v. (As a separate adverb or preposition) it expresses (with acc.) to, towards, in the direction of, against

abhi : into, [ŚBr.] & [KātyŚr.]

abhi : for, for the sake of

abhi : on account of

abhi : on, upon, with regard to, by, before, in front of

abhi : over. It may even express one after the other, severally, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 91], e.g. vṛkṣaṃ vṛkṣam abhi, tree after tree

abhi : [cf. Gk. ἀμϕί; Lat. ob; Zend aibi, aiwi; Goth. bi; Old High Germ. bī].

abhi : a-bhi mfn. fearless, [MBh.]

eti : éti f. arrival, approach, [RV. x, 91, 4]; [178, 2.]

i : the third vowel of the alphabet, corresponding to i short, and pronounced as that letter in kill &c.

i : ind. an interjection of anger, calling, sorrow, distress, compassion, &c., (g. cādi, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 57], &c.)

i : base of Nominative case and Acc. sg. du. and pl. of the demonstrative pronoun idam, ‘this’ or ‘that’

i : [cf. ítara, itas, iti, íd, idā́, iyat, iva, iha: cf. also Lat. id; Goth. ita; Eng. it; Old Germ. iz; Mod. Germ. es.]

i : m. N. of Kāmadeva, [L.]

i : cl. 2. P. éti (Impv. 2. sg. ihí) and 1. P. Ā. áyati, ayate [cf. √ ay], (pf. iyāya [2. sg. iyátha, [AV. viii, 1, 10], and iyétha, [RV.]] fut. eṣyati; aor. aiṣīt; inf. etum, étave, [RV.] & [AV.], étavaí, [RV.] étos, [RV.] ityaí, [RV. i, 113, 6]; [124, 1]) to go, walk; to flow; to blow; to advance, spread, get about; to go to or towards (with acc.), come, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hit.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to go away, escape, pass, retire, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [R.]; to arise from, come from, [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to return (in this sense only fut.), [MBh.]; [R.]; (with punar) to come back again, return, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to succeed, [Mn. iii, 127]; to arrive at, reach, obtain, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Śak.]; [Hit.] &c.; to fall into, come to; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (cf. ita); to undertake anything (with acc.); to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a part. or instr., e.g. asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti, ‘the Asuras and Rakshases are being continually crushed’, [ŚBr. i, 1, 4, 14]; gavāmayaneneyuḥ, ‘they, were engaged in the [festival called] Gavāmayana’, [KātyŚr. xxv, 5, 2]); to appear, be, [KaṭhUp.] : Intens. Ā. ī́yate ([RV. i, 30, 18]; p. iyāná, [RV.]; inf. iyádhyai, [RV. vi, 20, 8]) to go quickly or repeatedly; to come, wander, run, spread, get about, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to appear, make one's appearance, [RV.]; [AV.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; to approach any one with requests (with two acc.), ask, request, [RV.]; [AV.]: Pass. ī́yate, to be asked or requested, [RV.]: Caus. āyayati, to cause to go or escape, [Vop.];

i : [cf. Gk. εἶ-μι, ἴ-μεν; Lat. e-o, ī-mus, i-ter, &c.; Lith. ei-mì, ‘I go’; Slav. i-dû, ‘I go’, i-ti, ‘to go’; Goth. i-ddja, ‘I went’.]

paścāt : paścā́t ind. (abl. of paśca) from behind, behind, in the rear, backwards, [RV.] &c. &c.

paścāt : from or in the west, westwards, [AV.] &c. &c.

paścāt : afterwards, hereafter, later, at last (pleonastically after tatas or an ind.p.; with √ tap, to feel pain after, regret, repent), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

paścāt : (as a prep. with abl. or gen.) after, behind, [ib.]

paścāt : to the west, [Up.]; [GṛŚrS.]

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

pratnavat : pratna-vát ind., id., [ib.]

pratnavat : pratná-vat mfn. containing the word pratna, [ŚBr.]

navyas : návyas mfn. = návīyas, [RV.] (gen. pl. °sīnām for °sām, [v, 53, 10]; [58, 1])

navyas : návyas ind. recently, lately; anew, [ib.]

nūnam : nūnám ind. now, at present, just, immediately, at once

nūnam : for the future

nūnam : now then, therefore

nūnam : (esp. in later lang.) certainly, assuredly, indeed (also in questions, e.g. kadā n°, when indeed? kva n°, where indeed?), [RV.]; &c.

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

revat : revát mfn. (prob. contracted fr. rayi-vat) wealthy, opulent, rich, prosperous, [RV.]; [AV.]

revat : abundant, plentiful, [ib.]

revat : brilliant, splendid, beautiful (°át ind.), [ib.]; [MBh. xiii, 1853] (here applied to the Gaṅgā)

revat : revát n. wealth, prosperity, [RV.]

revat : N. of a Sāman, [ĀrṣBr.]

revat : revát ind.

vas : (encl.) acc. dat. gen. pl. of 2nd pers. pron. (cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 21], [24] &c.), [RV.]; &c.

vas : (a Vedic root connected with √ 1. uṣ, q.v.; not in [Dhātup.]) cl. 6. P., uccháti (pf. uvā́sa, ūṣúḥ, [RV.] &c.; aor. avāt [?] [AV.]; avasran, [RV.]; Cond. avatsyat, [ŚBr.]; Ved. inf. vástave, -úṣi), to shine, grow bright (esp. applied to the dawn), [RV.]; to bestow by shining upon (dat.), [ib.] [i, 113, 7]; (with dūré) to drive away by shining, [ib.] [vii, 77, 4] : Caus. vāsáyati, to cause to shine, [RV.]

vas : [cf. vasar in vasar-han; Gk. ἔαρ for ϝεσαρ; Lat. vēr &c.]

vas : cl. 10. P. vāsayati (aor. avīvasat), to love; to cut off; to accept, take; to offer; to kill (ni-vāsita, killed), [Dhātup. xxxiii, 70] (only with prep.; see pari-√ vas; but accord. to some the Impv. vasiṣva [[RV. viii, 70, 10]] and uṣa, ‘a lover’ [[x, 95, 5]], and vásiṣṭha [[ib.] [17]] belong also to this root, which has developed an obscene meaning = Gk. κεντέω, futuere).

vas : cl. 2. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 13]) váste (Impv. vasiṣva, [RV.]; vaddhvam, [Kauś.]; p. vásāna, once usāná and usámāna, [RV.]; pf. vavase, [Śiś.]; vāvase, p. °sāná, [RV.]; aor. avasiṣṭa, [ib.]; fut. vasitā Gr.; vasiṣyate, [ib.]; vatsyati, [Hariv. 11206]; inf. vasitum, [MBh.]; [R.]; ind.p. vasitvā, [Mn.]; [BhP.]; -vasya, [MBh.]), to put on, invest, wear, (clothes &c.), assume (a form &c.), enter into, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. vāsáyati, °te (Pass. vāsyate), to cause or allow to put on or wear (clothes), clothe (Ā. ‘one's self’) with (instr.), [RV.]; [GṛŚrS.]; [Mn.] : Desid. vivasiṣate Gr.: Intens. vāvasyate, vāvasti, [ib.]

vas : [cf. Gk. ἕννυμι for ϝεσ-νυμι, εἷμα; Lat. vestis; Goth. wasjan; Angl.Sax. werian; Eng. wear.]

vas : (ifc.), clothed in, wearing (e.g. preta-cūvara-vas, ‘wearing the garments of dead men’), [Ragh.]

vas : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. xxiii, 36]) vásati (mc. also °te; pf. uvāsa, ūṣuḥ, [RV.] &c. &c.; p. vāvasāna, [RV. i, 46, 13]; -vāsāṃ cakre, [Up.]; aor. avātsīt, [AV.]; avāksam, [AitBr.] [where it is artificially connected with vāc]; avāstam, [Up.]; fut. vastā Gr.; vatsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; vasiṣyati, [MBh.]; inf. vastum, vasitum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. uṣitvā́, [Br.]; uṣṭvā, [MBh.]; -úṣya, [Br.] &c.), to dwell, live, stop (at a place), stay (esp. ‘overnight’, with or without rātrim or rātrīs), [RV.] &c. &c.; to remain, abide with or in (with loc. of pers.; loc. or acc. of place, esp. with vāsam or vasatim), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to remain or keep on or continue in any condition (with a pp., e.g. with channa, ‘to continue to be covered’, [KātyŚr.]; or with an acc., with brahmacaryam, ‘to practise chastity’, [AitBr.]; or with an adv., e.g. with sukham, ‘to live pleasantly or at ease’; with or without dūratas, ‘to keep aloof’), [TS.] &c. &c.; to have sexual intercourse with (loc.), [Hariv.]; to rest upon (loc.), [Subh.]; to charge or entrust with (instr.), [Hariv.]; cl. 10. P. vasayati, to dwell, [Dhātup. xxxv, 84, e] : Pass. uṣyate (aor. avāsi), to be dwelt &c., [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Caus. vāsáyati, °te (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 89]; aor. avīvasat, [MaitrS.] : Pass. vāsyáte, [Br.], °ti, [MBh.]), to cause to halt or stay (overnight), lodge, receive hospitably or as a guest, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to have sexual intercourse with (loc.), [MatsyaP.]; to let anything stand overnight (with tisro, scil. ratrīs, ‘three nights’), [Kauś.]; to cause to wait, keep in suspense, [RV.]; to delay, retard, [Kām.]; to cause to exist, preserve, [ŚBr.]; to cause to be inhabited, populate (a country), [Hit.]; to put in, place upon (loc.), [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Kāv.] (anadhyāyam mukhe, to put restraint on the mouth, refrain from speaking); to produce, [Sarvad.] : Desid. vivatsati, to wish to dwell, [ŚBr.] : Intens. vāvasyate, vāvasti, to remain, be in, be engaged in [MW.]

vas : [cf. Goth. wisan; Germ. wësan, ge-wesen, war &c.; Angl.Sax. wësan; Eng. was, were.]

vas : vás (only in gen. vásām), prob. either ‘an abode’ or ‘a dweller’, [RV. v, 2, 6.]

vas : (only vasiṣva, [anu] -vāvase, vāvasāná, and vástos), to rush or aim at, attack, [RV. viii, 70, 10] (cf. under √ 3. ); [viii, 4, 8]; [i, 51, 3]; [vi, 11, 6] (?); [i, 174, 3].

vas : (also written bas) cl. 4. P. vasyati, to be or make firm, [Dhātup. xxxiii, 70.]

sudina : su—dína mf(A)n. clear, bright (as a day or morning), [RV.]

sudina : su—dína n. a clear or fine or auspicious day, [RV.] &c. &c.

sudina : happy time, happiness (= sukha), [Naigh. iii, 6]

sudina : N. of a Tīrtha, [MBh.]

uṣas : uṣás ās, f. (nom. pl. uṣā́sas and uṣásas; instr. pl. uṣádbhis, [RV. i, 6, 3]; see [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 48]) morning light, dawn, morning (personified as the daughter of heaven and sister of the Ādityas and the night), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Śak.] &c.

uṣas : the evening light, [RV. x, 127, 7]

uṣas : N. of a wife of Bhava (= Φοῖβος) or Rudra, [VP.]

uṣas : (uṣā́sau, °ā́sā, and °ásā) f. du. night and morning, [RV.]; [VS.] &c.

uṣas : uṣás (as), n. daybreak, dawn, twilight, [Uṇ. iv, 233]; [L.]

uṣas : the outer passage of the ear, [L.]

uṣas : the Mālaya range, [L.]

uṣas : , [cf. Gk. ἠώς; Lat. auro-ra; Lith. ausz-ra; Old High Germ. ôs-tan.]

uṣas : uṣás See under √ 1. uṣ