āśu : āśú mfn. (√ 1. aś, [Uṇ. i, 1]), fast, quick, going quickly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.

āśu : (us), m. Ved. the quick one, a horse, [RV.]; [AV.]

āśu : āśú (us or u), m n. rice ripening quickly in the rainy season, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [L.]

āśu : āśú (u), n. N. of a Sāman

āśu : āśú (u), ind. quickly, quick, immediately, directly, [Suśr.]; [Megh.]; [Pañcat.] &c.

āśu : [cf. Gk. ὠκύς, ὤκιστος; Lat. acu in acupedius, ôcissimus: of the same origin may be the Lat. aquila and accipiter.]

dadhikrā : dadhi—krā́ m. ([Naigh. i, 14]; [Nir. ii, 27 f.] and [x, 31]) N. of a divine horse (personification of the morning Sun; addressed in [RV. iv, 38]-[40]; [vii, 44]), [iii, 20]; [x, 101, 1]

tam : cl. 4. tā́myati ([Pāṇ. vii, 3, 74]; rarely Ā. [R. ii, 63, 46]; [Gīt. v, 16]; pf. tatāma, [ŚBr. iv]; aor. Pass. atami, [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 34], [Kāś.]; Ved. inf. támitos, with ā́ preceding, ‘till exhaustion’, [TBr. i, 4, 4, 2]; [TāṇḍyaBr. xii]; [Lāṭy.]; [Āp.]; pf. Pass. p. -tāntá, q.v.) to gasp for breath (as one suffocating), choke, be suffocated, faint away, be exhausted, perish, be distressed or disturbed or perplexed, [RV. ii, 30, 7] (ná mā tamat [aor. subj.] ‘may I not be exhausted’), [Kāṭh.]; [TBr.] &c.; to stop (as breath), become immovable or stiff, [Suśr.]; [Mālatīm.]; [Amar.]; [Rājat. v, 344]; to desire (cf. 2. °ma, °mata), [Dhātup. xxvi, 93] : Caus. tamáyati (aor. Pass. atāmi, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 93], [Kāś.]) to suffocate, deprive of breath, [ŚBr. iii, 3, 2, 19] and [8, 1, 15]; [KātyŚr. vi, 5, 18]; cf. á-tameru.

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

u : the fifth letter and third short vowel of the alphabet, pronounced as the u in full.

u : ind. an interjection of compassion, anger, [L.]

u : a particle implying assent, calling, command, [L.]

u : ind. an enclitic copula used frequently in the Vedas;

u : (as a particle implying restriction and antithesis, generally after pronominals, prepositions, particles, and before nu and su, equivalent to) and, also, further; on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative, e.g. ya u, he on the contrary who &c.)

u : This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id and eva, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu, vai, hi, cid, &c. (e.g. ayám u vām purutámo … johavīti [[RV. iii, 62, 2]], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you &c.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (e.g. tám u stuṣa índram tám gṛṇīṣe [[RV. ii, 20, 4]], him I praise, Indra, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English ‘now’ (e.g. tád u táthā ná kuryāt [[ŚBr. v, 2, 2, 3]], that now he should not do in such a manner), and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (e.g. ká u tác ciketa [[RV. i, 164, 48]], who, I ask, should know that?)

u : Pāṇini calls this particle uñ to distinguish it from the interrogative . In the Pada-pāṭha it is written ūm.

u : In the classical language occurs only after atha, na, and kim, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (see kim);

u : — or — uta, on the one hand — on the other hand; partly — partly; as well — as.

u : cl. 5. P. unoti (see vy-u, [RV. v, 31, 1]) : cl. 2. Ā. (1. sg. uvé, [RV. x, 86, 7]) : cl. 1. Ā. avate, [Dhātup.]; to call to, hail; to roar, bellow (see also ota = ā-uta).

u : m. N. of Śiva

u : also of Brahman, [L.]

nu : nú ind. (in [RV.] also nū́; esp. at the beginning of a verse, where often = nú + u), now, still, just, at once

nu : so now, now then, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [Up.]

nu : indeed, certainly, surely, [RV.] &c. &c.

nu : cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 121], Sch. (often connected with other particles, esp. with negatives, e.g. nahí nú, ‘by no means’, nákir nú, ‘no one or nothing at all’, mā́ nú, ‘in order that surely not’; often also gha nu, ha nu, in nu, nu kam &c. [nū́ cit, either ‘for ever, evermore; at once, forthwith’ or ‘never, never more’; so also nū alone, [RV. vii, 100, 1]]; with relat. = -cunque or -soever; sometimes it lays stress upon a preceding word, esp. an interr. pronoun or particle, and is then often connected with khalu, [RV.] &c. &c.; it is also employed in questions, esp. in sentences of two or more clauses [cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 98], [Kāś.]] where is either always repeated [[Śak. vi, 9]] or omitted in the first place [[ib.] [i, 8]] or in the second place and further replaced by svid, yadi vā &c., and strengthened by vā, atha vā &c.)

nu : [cf. 1. náva, nū́tana, nūnám; Zd. nū; Gk. νύ, νῦν; Lat. nun-c; Germ. nu, nun; Angl.Sax. nu, nū; Eng. now.]

nu : m. a weapon, [L.]

nu : time, [L.]

nu : cl. 1. Ā. navate (nauti with apa), to go, [Naigh. ii, 14] : Caus. nāvayati, to move from the place, remove, [ṢaḍvBr.]

nu : or nū cl. 2. 6. P. ([Dhāt. xxiv, 26]; [xxviii, 104]) nauti, nuvati, (pres. also návate, °ti, [RV.] &c.; p. P. nuvát, návat, Ā. návamāna, [RV.]; pf. nunāva, [Kāv.]; aor. ánūnot, ánūṣi, °ṣata, anaviṣṭa, [RV.]; anauṣit, anāvit, anuvīt Gr.; fut. naviṣyati, nuv°; navitā, nuv°, [ib.]; ind.p. -nutya, -nāvam, [Br.]; inf. navitum v.l. nuv°, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to sound, shout, exult; praise, commend, [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. nūyate, [MBh.] &c.: Caus. nāvayati aor. anūnavat Gr.: Desid. nunūṣati, [ib.]; Desid. of Caus. nunāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Intens. nónavīti, nonumas (impf. anonavur, Subj. návīnot; pf. nónāva, nonuvur, [RV.]; nonūyate, nonoti Gr.), to sound loudly, roar, thunder, [RV.]

nu : m. praise, eulogium, [L.]

nu : Caus. nāvayati, to cause to be drawn into the nose, [Car.] (cf. 3. nava).

nu : (ifc.) = nau, a ship, [BhP.]

stu : cl. 2. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 34]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 95]) staúti or stavīti, stute or stuvīte (in [RV.] also stávate, 3. sg. stave [with pass. sense], 1. 3. sg. stuṣé Impv. stoṣi, p. [mostly with pass. sense] stuvāná, stávāna or stavāná, stávamāna; in [BhP.] stunvanti, in [Up.] p. stunvāna; pf. tuṣṭāva, tuṣṭuvús, tuṣṭuvé, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. astāvīt or astauṣīt, [Br.] &c.; stoṣat, stoṣāṇi, [RV.]; ástoṣṭa, [ib.] &c.; Prec. stūyāt Gr.; fut. stavitā or stotā, [Vop.]; fut. staviṣyáti, °te, [RV.]; stoṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; Cond. astoṣyat, [Bhaṭṭ.]; inf. stotum, [ib.] &c.; stavitum, [Vop.]; stótave, stavádhyai, [RV.]; ind.p. stutvā́, [AV.] &c.; -stútya, [Br.] &c.; -stūya, [MBh.] &c.), to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns (in ritual, ‘to chant’, with loc. of the text from which the Sāman comes), [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. stūyáte (aor. astāvi), to be praised or celebrated; stūyamāna, mfn. being praised, [ib.] : Caus. stāvayati or stavayati (aor. atuṣṭavat, [RV.]; °ṭuvat, [JaimBr.]), to praise, celebrate; (stāvayate), to cause to praise or celebrate, [BhP.] : Desid. tuṣṭūṣati, °te (p.p. tuṣṭūṣita), to wish to celebrate, [Śaṃk.] : Intens. toṣṭūyate, toṣṭoti Gr.

stu : . See su-ṣṭú p. 1238, col. 1.

stu : (prob. invented to serve as a root for the words below), to be clotted or conglomerated; to trickle.

stu : (= stúkā) in pṛthu-ṣṭu, q.v.

dyu : cl. 2. P. dyauti ([Dhātup. xxiv, 31]; pf. dudyāva, 3. pl. dudyuvur) to go against, attack, assail, [Bhaṭṭ.]

dyu : dyú for 3. div as inflected stem and in comp. before consonants.

pṛthivī : pṛthivī́ f. (= pṛthvī f. of pṛthu) the earth or wide world (‘the broad and extended One’, personified as devī and often invoked together with the sky [cf. 3. div and dyāvā-pṛthivī, [RTL. 182]]; according to [VP.] daughter of pṛthu; the Veda makes 3 earths, one called bhūmi, inhabited by men, and 2 under it; there is also an earth between the world of men and the circumambient ocean [[ŚBr.]] and one extending through the 3 worlds [[Naigh.]]), [RV.] &c. &c.

pṛthivī : land, ground, soil, [ib.]

pṛthivī : earth regarded as one of the elements, [Prab.]; [Suśr.]

pṛthivī : = antarikṣa, [Naigh. i, 3]

uta : mfn. (fr. √ ve, q.v.), sewn, woven.

uta : utá ind. and, also, even, or, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.] &c.

uta : often used for the sake of emphasis, especially at the end of a line after iti or a verb (e.g. sarva-bhūtāni tam pārtha sadā paribhavanty uta, all creatures, O king, certainly always despise him, [MBh. iii, 1026]), [MBh.]; [Bhag.] &c. (As an interrogative particle, generally at the beginning of the second or following part of a double interrogation) or, utrum-an (e.g. katham nirṇīyate kiṃ syān niṣkāraṇo bandhur uta viśvāsa-ghātakaḥ, how can it be decided whether he be a friend without a motive or a violator of confidence? [Hit.]), [Kum.]; [Kathās.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [Sāh.] &c.

uta : in this sense it may be strengthened by āho (e.g. kaccit tvam asi mānuṣī utāho surāṅganā, art thou a mortal woman or divine? Nala), or by āho-svit (e.g. śālihotraḥ kiṃ nu syād utāhosvid rājā nalaḥ, can it be Śālihotra or king Nala?) Rarely kim is repeated before used in this sense (e.g. kim nu svargāt prāptā tasyā rūpeṇa kimutānyāgatā, has she arrived from heaven or has another come in her form? [Mṛcch.]), [Amar.]; [MBh.] &c. (As a particle of wishing, especially at the beginning of a sentence followed by a potential) would that! utinam! (e.g. utādhīyīta, would that he would read!) ( preceded by kim) on the contrary, how much more, how much less (e.g. samartho 'si sahasram api jetuṃ kimutaikam, thou art able to conquer even a thousand, how much more one, [R.]), [Śak.]; [Vikr.]; [Ragh.] &c. ( preceded by prati) on the contrary, rather (e.g. eṣa pṛṣṭo 'smābhir na jalpati hanti praty-uta pāṣāṇaiḥ, this one questioned by us does not speak, but rather throws stones at us), [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.] &c.

uta : uta vā, or else, and (e.g. samudrād uta vā purīṣāt, from the sea or from the moisture in the air)

uta : vā — uta vā or utāho vāpi — vā, either — or

uta : — , both — and (e.g. uta balavān utābalaḥ, both the strong and the weak)

uta : kim — uta vā, whether — or else.

uta : mfn. woven &c. See 1. , p. 175, col. 2.

vas : (encl.) acc. dat. gen. pl. of 2nd pers. pron. (cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 21], [24] &c.), [RV.]; &c.

vas : (a Vedic root connected with √ 1. uṣ, q.v.; not in [Dhātup.]) cl. 6. P., uccháti (pf. uvā́sa, ūṣúḥ, [RV.] &c.; aor. avāt [?] [AV.]; avasran, [RV.]; Cond. avatsyat, [ŚBr.]; Ved. inf. vástave, -úṣi), to shine, grow bright (esp. applied to the dawn), [RV.]; to bestow by shining upon (dat.), [ib.] [i, 113, 7]; (with dūré) to drive away by shining, [ib.] [vii, 77, 4] : Caus. vāsáyati, to cause to shine, [RV.]

vas : [cf. vasar in vasar-han; Gk. ἔαρ for ϝεσαρ; Lat. vēr &c.]

vas : cl. 10. P. vāsayati (aor. avīvasat), to love; to cut off; to accept, take; to offer; to kill (ni-vāsita, killed), [Dhātup. xxxiii, 70] (only with prep.; see pari-√ vas; but accord. to some the Impv. vasiṣva [[RV. viii, 70, 10]] and uṣa, ‘a lover’ [[x, 95, 5]], and vásiṣṭha [[ib.] [17]] belong also to this root, which has developed an obscene meaning = Gk. κεντέω, futuere).

vas : cl. 2. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 13]) váste (Impv. vasiṣva, [RV.]; vaddhvam, [Kauś.]; p. vásāna, once usāná and usámāna, [RV.]; pf. vavase, [Śiś.]; vāvase, p. °sāná, [RV.]; aor. avasiṣṭa, [ib.]; fut. vasitā Gr.; vasiṣyate, [ib.]; vatsyati, [Hariv. 11206]; inf. vasitum, [MBh.]; [R.]; ind.p. vasitvā, [Mn.]; [BhP.]; -vasya, [MBh.]), to put on, invest, wear, (clothes &c.), assume (a form &c.), enter into, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. vāsáyati, °te (Pass. vāsyate), to cause or allow to put on or wear (clothes), clothe (Ā. ‘one's self’) with (instr.), [RV.]; [GṛŚrS.]; [Mn.] : Desid. vivasiṣate Gr.: Intens. vāvasyate, vāvasti, [ib.]

vas : [cf. Gk. ἕννυμι for ϝεσ-νυμι, εἷμα; Lat. vestis; Goth. wasjan; Angl.Sax. werian; Eng. wear.]

vas : (ifc.), clothed in, wearing (e.g. preta-cūvara-vas, ‘wearing the garments of dead men’), [Ragh.]

vas : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. xxiii, 36]) vásati (mc. also °te; pf. uvāsa, ūṣuḥ, [RV.] &c. &c.; p. vāvasāna, [RV. i, 46, 13]; -vāsāṃ cakre, [Up.]; aor. avātsīt, [AV.]; avāksam, [AitBr.] [where it is artificially connected with vāc]; avāstam, [Up.]; fut. vastā Gr.; vatsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; vasiṣyati, [MBh.]; inf. vastum, vasitum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. uṣitvā́, [Br.]; uṣṭvā, [MBh.]; -úṣya, [Br.] &c.), to dwell, live, stop (at a place), stay (esp. ‘overnight’, with or without rātrim or rātrīs), [RV.] &c. &c.; to remain, abide with or in (with loc. of pers.; loc. or acc. of place, esp. with vāsam or vasatim), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to remain or keep on or continue in any condition (with a pp., e.g. with channa, ‘to continue to be covered’, [KātyŚr.]; or with an acc., with brahmacaryam, ‘to practise chastity’, [AitBr.]; or with an adv., e.g. with sukham, ‘to live pleasantly or at ease’; with or without dūratas, ‘to keep aloof’), [TS.] &c. &c.; to have sexual intercourse with (loc.), [Hariv.]; to rest upon (loc.), [Subh.]; to charge or entrust with (instr.), [Hariv.]; cl. 10. P. vasayati, to dwell, [Dhātup. xxxv, 84, e] : Pass. uṣyate (aor. avāsi), to be dwelt &c., [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Caus. vāsáyati, °te (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 89]; aor. avīvasat, [MaitrS.] : Pass. vāsyáte, [Br.], °ti, [MBh.]), to cause to halt or stay (overnight), lodge, receive hospitably or as a guest, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to have sexual intercourse with (loc.), [MatsyaP.]; to let anything stand overnight (with tisro, scil. ratrīs, ‘three nights’), [Kauś.]; to cause to wait, keep in suspense, [RV.]; to delay, retard, [Kām.]; to cause to exist, preserve, [ŚBr.]; to cause to be inhabited, populate (a country), [Hit.]; to put in, place upon (loc.), [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Kāv.] (anadhyāyam mukhe, to put restraint on the mouth, refrain from speaking); to produce, [Sarvad.] : Desid. vivatsati, to wish to dwell, [ŚBr.] : Intens. vāvasyate, vāvasti, to remain, be in, be engaged in [MW.]

vas : [cf. Goth. wisan; Germ. wësan, ge-wesen, war &c.; Angl.Sax. wësan; Eng. was, were.]

vas : vás (only in gen. vásām), prob. either ‘an abode’ or ‘a dweller’, [RV. v, 2, 6.]

vas : (only vasiṣva, [anu] -vāvase, vāvasāná, and vástos), to rush or aim at, attack, [RV. viii, 70, 10] (cf. under √ 3. ); [viii, 4, 8]; [i, 51, 3]; [vi, 11, 6] (?); [i, 174, 3].

vas : (also written bas) cl. 4. P. vasyati, to be or make firm, [Dhātup. xxxiii, 70.]

mām : mā́m acc. sg. of 3. ma, q.v.

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

uṣas : uṣás ās, f. (nom. pl. uṣā́sas and uṣásas; instr. pl. uṣádbhis, [RV. i, 6, 3]; see [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 48]) morning light, dawn, morning (personified as the daughter of heaven and sister of the Ādityas and the night), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Śak.] &c.

uṣas : the evening light, [RV. x, 127, 7]

uṣas : N. of a wife of Bhava (= Φοῖβος) or Rudra, [VP.]

uṣas : (uṣā́sau, °ā́sā, and °ásā) f. du. night and morning, [RV.]; [VS.] &c.

uṣas : uṣás (as), n. daybreak, dawn, twilight, [Uṇ. iv, 233]; [L.]

uṣas : the outer passage of the ear, [L.]

uṣas : the Mālaya range, [L.]

uṣas : , [cf. Gk. ἠώς; Lat. auro-ra; Lith. ausz-ra; Old High Germ. ôs-tan.]

uṣas : uṣás See under √ 1. uṣ

sūd : (prob. connected with √ svad) cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. ii, 24]) sūdate (occurring only in the reduplicated forms suṣūdima, [RV.]; súṣūdati or °dat, [ib.]; suṣūdáta, [AV.]; Gr. also fut. sūditā, °diṣyati), to put or keep in order, guide aright, [RV.]; [AV.] : Caus. or cl. 10. (cf. [Dhātup. xxxiii, 43]) sūdáyati, °te (p. sūdayāna, [MBh.]; aor. asūṣudat, °ta) id., [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to manage, arrange, prepare, effect, contrive, [RV.]; to settle i.e. put an end to, kill, slay (also inanimate objects), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to squeeze, press, destroy, [Śiś.] : Desid. susūdiṣate Gr.: Intens. sosūdyate, sosūtti, [ib.]

sūd : See havya-sū́d.

ati : áti ind. [probably neut. of an obsolete adj. atin, passing, going, beyond; see √ at, and cf. Old Germ. anti, unti, inti, unde, indi, &c.; Eng. and; Germ. und; Gk. ἔτι, ἀντί, Lat. ante; Lith. ant; Arm. ti; Zend aitì].

ati : As a prefix to verbs and their derivatives, expresses beyond, over, and, if not standing by itself, leaves the accent on the verb or its derivative; as, ati-kram (√ kram), to overstep, Ved. Inf. ati-kráme, (fit) to be walked on, to be passed, [RV. i, 105, 16], ati-krámaṇa n. See s.v. When prefixed to nouns, not derived from verbs, it expresses beyond, surpassing, as, ati-kaśa, past the whip, ati-mānuṣa, superhuman, &c. See s.v.

ati : As a separable adverb or preposition (with acc.), Ved. beyond (with gen.) over, at the top of [RV.]; [AV.]

ati : is often prefixed to nouns and adjectives, and rarely to verbs, in the sense excessive, extraordinary, intense;

ati : excessively, too

ati : exceedingly, very

ati : in such compounds the accent is generally on áti.

viśva : víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one

viśva : whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c.

viśva : all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.

viśva : víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.]

viśva : N. of a class of gods, cf. below

viśva : N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.]

viśva : of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.]

viśva : of a king, [MBh.]

viśva : of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa

viśva : pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.;

viśva : víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c.

viśva : dry ginger, [Suśr.]

viśva : myrrh, [L.]

viśva : a mystical N. of the sound o, [Up.]

durita : dur—itá n. (dúr-, [RV. i, 125, 7]) bad course, difficulty, danger, discomfort, evil, sin (also personified), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Hariv.]; [Kāv.] &c.

durita : dur—itá mfn. difficult, bad, [AV. xii, 2, 28]

durita : wicked, sinful, [L.]

pṛ : cl. 3. P. ([Dhātup. xxv, 4]) píparti (3. pl. píprati, [RV.]; Impv. pipṛhi, [BhP.]; para, [VS.]; cl. 9. P. pṛṇāti, ‘to protect’, [Dhātup. xxxi, 19]; pf. 3. pl. pipruḥ, [BhP.] [= pūrṇāḥ, Sch.]; aor. Subj. parṣi, parṣati, parṣa, pāriṣat, [RV.] ; apārīt, [Bhaṭṭ.]; inf. parṣáṇi, [RV.]), to bring over or to (acc.), bring out of, deliver from (abl.), rescue, save, protect, escort, further, promote, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚāṅkhGṛ.]; [BhP.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to surpass, excel (acc.), [RV. viii, 50, 8]; [AV. xi, 5, 1]; [2]; to be able (with inf.), [BhP.] : Caus. pāráyati (ep. and mc. also °te; aor. apīparat; Pass. pāryate), to bring over or out, rescue, protect, save, preserve, keep alive, [RV.] &c. &c.; to get over, overcome, bring to an end, [ib.]; to resist, withstand, be a match for (acc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be capable of or able to (with an inf. which after pāryate has a pass. sense; cf. √ śak and [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 66], Sch.), [Kāv.]; [Pur.] &c.

pṛ : [cf. Gk. περάω, πόρος, πορεύεσθαι; Lat. porta, peritus; Slav. pirati; Germ. fahren; Eng. to fare.]

pṛ : cl. 5. P., cl. 6. Ā. pṛṇoti or priyate ([Dhātup. xxvii, 12]; [xxviii, 109]), to be busy or active (only in ā-√ pṛ and vy-ā-√ pṛ, q.v.)