atra : á-tra (or Ved. á-trā), ind. (fr. pronominal base a; often used in sense of loc. case asmin), in this matter, in this respect; in this place, here; at this time; there; then.

atra : a-tra mfn. (√ tras), (only for the etym. of kṣattra), ‘not enjoying or affording protection’, [BṛĀrUp.]

atra : atrá m. (for at-tra, fr. √ ad), a devourer, demon, [RV.]; [AV.], a Rākṣasa.

atra : átra n. (for at-tra), food, [RV. x, 79, 2.]

atra : átra &c. See s.v.

eva : evá ind. (in the Saṃhitā also evā́) (√ i, [Uṇ. i, 152]; fr. pronom. base e, [BRD.], probably connected with 2. éva), so, just so, exactly so (in the sense of the later evam), [RV.]; [AV.]

eva : indeed, truly, really (often at the beginning of a verse in conjunction with other particles, as id, hi), [RV.]

eva : (in its most frequent use of strengthening the idea expressed by any word, must be variously rendered by such adverbs as) just, exactly, very, same, only, even, alone, merely, immediately on, still, already, &c. (e.g. tvam eva yantā nānyo 'sti pṛthivyām, thou alone art a charioteer, no other is on earth, i.e. thou art the best charioteer, [MBh. iii, 2825]; tāvatīm eva rātrim, just so long as a night; evam eva or tathaiva, exactly so, in this manner only; in the same manner as above; tenaiva mantreṇa, with the same Mantra as above; apaḥ spṛṣṭvaiva, by merely touching water; tān eva, these very persons; na cirād eva, in no long time at all; japyenaiva, by sole repetition; abhuktvaiva, even without having eaten; iti vadann eva, at the very moment of saying so; sa jīvann eva, he while still living, &c.), [RV.] &c., [MBh.] &c.

eva : (sometimes, esp. in connection with other adverbs, is a mere expletive without any exact meaning and not translatable, e.g. tv eva, caiva, eva ca, &c.; according to native authorities implies emphasis, affirmation, detraction, diminution, command, restrainment);

eva : [cf. Zd. aeva; Goth. aiv; Old Germ. eo, io; Mod. Germ. je.]

eva : éva mfn. (√ i), going, moving, speedy, quick, [TBr. iii]; [Uṇ.]

eva : éva (as), m. course, way (generally instr. pl.), [RV.]

eva : the earth, world, [VS. xv, 4]; [5] [[Mahīdh.]]

eva : a horse, [RV. i, 158, 3] [[Sāy.]]

eva : éva (ās), m. pl. way or manner of acting or proceeding, conduct, habit, usage, custom, [RV.]

eva : éva m.

eva : [cf. Gk. αἰές, αἰών; Lat. aevu-m; Goth. aivs; O. H. G. êwa and Angl.Sax. êu, êo, ‘custom’, ‘law’; Germ. Ehe.]

api : ápi or sometimes pi (see pi-dṛbh, pi-dhā, pi-nah), expresses placing near or over, uniting to, annexing, reaching to, proximity, &c.

api : [cf. Gk. ἐπί; Zend api; Germ. and Eng. prefix be]

api : in later Sanskṛt its place seems frequently supplied by abhi.

api : (As a separable adv.) and, also, moreover, besides, assuredly, surely

api : suppose that, perhaps, [Jātakam.]

api : api api or api-ca, as well as

api : na vāpi or na apivā or na nacāpi, neither, nor, cāpi, (and at the beginning of a sentence) api-ca, moreover.

api : is often used to express emphasis, in the sense of even, also, very

api : e.g. anyad api, also another, something more

api : adyāpi, this very day, even now

api : tathāpi, even thus, notwithstanding

api : yady api, even if, although

api : yadyapi tathāpi, although, nevertheless

api : na kadācid api, never at any time: sometimes in the sense of but, only, at least, e.g. muhūrtam api, only a moment.

api : may be affixed to an interrogative to make it indefinite, e.g. ko 'pi, any one

api : kutrāpi, anywhere.

api : imparts to numerals the notion of totality, e.g. caturṇām api varṇānām, of all the four castes.

api : may be interrogative at the beginning of a sentence.

api : may strengthen the original force of the Potential, or may soften the Imperative, like the English ‘be pleased to’;

api : sometimes it is a mere expletive.

api : api tu but, but yet.

api : (api-api), as well-as, ib.

nah : cl. 4. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 57]) náhyati, °te (Pot. -nahet, [MBh.]; nahyur, [AitBr.]; p. Ā. náhyamāna [also with pass. meaning] [RV.] &c.; pf. nanāha, nehe; fut. natsyati, naddhā, [Siddh.] [cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 34]]; aor., anātsīt, [Bhaṭṭ.]; anaddha, [Vop.]; ind.p. naddhvā Gr.; -náhya, [Br.] &c.; inf. -naddhum, [Kāv.]) to bind, tie, fasten, bind on or round or together; (Ā.) to put on (as armour &c.), arm one's self, [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. nahyate, p. °hyamāna (see above) : Caus. nāhayati (aor. anīnahat Gr.) to cause to bind together, [BhavP.] : Desid. ninatsati, °te Gr.: Intens. nānahyate, nānaddhi, [ib.]

nah : , [Prob. for nagh; cf. Lat. nectere, Germ. Nestel (?).]

nah : náh (only in nádbhyas, [RV. x, 60, 6]; but cf. akṣā-náh) a bond, tie.

ubha : ubhá au, (Ved. ā), e, e mfn. du. (g. sarvādi, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 27]) both, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.] &c.;

ubha : [cf. Zd. uba; Gk. ἄμϕω; Lat. ambo; Goth. bai; Old High Germ. beidê; Slav. oba; Lith. abhù.]

ārtnī : ā́rtnī f. the end of a bow, the place where the string or sinew is fastened (κορώνη), [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

jyā : (cf. √ ji) cl. 9. P. jinā́ti (Pot. °nīyā́t; p. °nát; pf. jijyaú; fut. jyāsyati, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 16 f.]; ind.p. -jyāya, [42]) Ved. to overpower, oppress, deprive any one (acc.) of property (acc.), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; (derived fr. jyā́yas, ‘senior’) to become old, [Dhātup. xxxi, 29] : cl. 4. Ā. jī́yate or Pass. °yáte, Ved. to be oppressed or treated badly, be deprived of property (or everything, sarva-jyāním, [TS. vii]), [RV.] &c.: Caus. jyāpayati, to call any one old, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 21]; [Siddh. 46] : Desid. (p. jíjyāsat) to wish to overpower, [RV. x, 152, 5] : Intens. jejīyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 16], [Kāś.]; cf. pari-; βιάω.

jyā : jyā́ f. = βία, see parama-jyā́

jyā : excessive demand, [ŚBr. v, 4, 5, 4.]

jyā : jyā́ f. a bow-string, βιός [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] &c.

jyā : (in geom.) the chord of an arc

jyā : = jyārdha, [Sūryas.]

jyā : cf. adhi-, uj-, parama-, vi- and sa-jya

jyā : eka-, krama-, krānti-.

jyā : f. the earth, [L.]

jyā : a mother, [L.]

vāc : vā́c f. (fr. √ vac) speech, voice, talk, language (also of animals), sound (also of inanimate objects as of the stones used for pressing, of a drum &c.), [RV.] &c. &c. (vācam-√ ṛ, īr, or iṣ, to raise the voice, utter a sound, cry, call)

vāc : a word, saying, phrase, sentence, statement, asseveration, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (vācaṃ-√ vad, to speak words; vācaṃ vyā-√ hṛ, to utter words; vācaṃ-√ dā with dat., to address words to; vācā satyaṃ-√ kṛ, to promise verbally in marriage, plight troth)

vāc : Speech personified (in various manners or forms, e.g. as Vāc Āmbhṛṇī in [RV. x, 125]; as the voice of the middle sphere in [Naigh.] & [Nir.]; in the Veda she is also represented as created by Prajā-pati and married to him; in other places she is called the mother of the Vedas and wife of Indra; in [VP.] she is the daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Kaśyapa; but most frequently she is identified with Bhāratī or Sarasvatī, the goddess of speech; vācaḥ sāma and vāco vratam N. of Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]; vācaḥ stomaḥ, a partic. Ekāha, [ŚrS.])

pati : páti m. (cf. √ pat; when uncompounded and meaning ‘husband’ instr. pátyā; dat. pátye; gen. abl. pátyur; loc. pátyau; but when meaning ‘lord, master’, and ifc. regularly inflected with exceptions; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 8]; [9]) a master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign, [RV.] &c. &c.

pati : a husband, [ib.] (in comp. either with the stem or with the gen., e.g. duhitṛ-p° or °tuḥ-p°, [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 24]; when mfn. f. = m., e.g. -jīvat-patyā tvayā, [R. ii, 24, 8], or patikā, e.g. pramīta-patikā, [Mn. ix, 68])

pati : one of the 2 entities (with pāśupatás), [RTL. 89]

pati : a root, [L.]

pati : páti f. a female possessor, mistress, [Pāṇ. iv, 1, 33], Sch.

pati : a wife (vṛddha-p° = -patnī, the wife of an old man, [ib.] [34], Sch.)

pati : f. = gati, going, motion.

pati : [cf. Gk. πόσις, ‘husband’; Lat. potis, pos-sum for potis-sum; Lith. patìs, ‘husband’; Goth. (bruth-)faths, ‘bridegroom’]

ni : ní ind. down, back, in, into, within (except, [AV. x, 8, 7] always prefixed either to verbs or to nouns; in the latter case it has also the meaning of negation or privation [cf. ‘down-hearted’ = heartless]; sometimes w.r. for nis)

ni : it may also express kṣepa, dāna, upa-rama, ā-śraya, mokṣa &c., [L.]

ni : [cf. Zd. ni; Gk. ἐ-νί; Slav. ni-zu; Germ., ni-dar, ni-der, nieder; Angl.Sax. ni-ther, Eng. ne-ther, be-neath.]

ni : (for nī) mfn. See ṛta-ní.

ni : (in music) the 7th note (for niṣadha).

sedha : mf(A)n. keeping or driving away (see goṣedhā́)

sedha : m. = niṣedha, prohibition (see vidhiṣedha)

sidh : cl. 1. P. sedhati, to go, move, [Dhātup. iii, 10]; [Naigh. ii, 14] (accord. to [Pāṇ. viii, 3, 113] the s of this root is not changed to ṣ after prepositions; cf. abhi- and pari-√ sidh).

sidh : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. iii, 11]) sédhati (in later language also °te; pf. siṣedha, ep. also siṣidhe; aor. asedhīt Gr. also asaitsīt; fut. seddhā or sedhitā Gr.; setsyati or sedhiṣyati, [MBh.] &c.; inf. seddhum, [Br.] &c.; sedhitum Gr.; ind.p. -sídhya, [AV.]), to drive off, scare away, repel, restrain, hinder, [RV.]; [Kauś.]; to punish, chastise, [Bhaṭṭ.]; to ordain, instruct, [Dhātup.]; to turn out well or auspiciously, [ib.] : Pass. sidhyate (aor. asedhi), to be driven or kept off or repelled, [MBh.] &c.: Caus. sedhayati (aor. asīṣidhat) Gr.: Desid. of Caus. siṣedhayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. sisedhiṣati, sisidhiṣati, siṣitsati, [ib.] : Intens. seṣidhyate, seṣeddhi (pr. p. -séṣidhat, [RV.]), [ib.]

sidh : (weak form of √ sādh) cl. 4. P. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 83]) sídhyati (ep. and mc. also °te; pf. siṣedha, [RV. i, 32, 13]; aor. asidhat Gr.; saitsīt, [Sarvad.]; Prec. sidhyāsam Gr.; fut. seddhā, [ib.]; setsyati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; inf. seddhum Gr.; ind.p. sedhitvā, sidhitvā, or siddhvā, [ib.]), to be accomplished or fulfilled or effected or settled, be successful, succeed, [RV.] &c. &c.; to hit a mark (loc.), [Śak.]; to attain one's aim or object, have success, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to attain the highest object, become perfect, attain beatitude, [R.]; [BhP.]; to be valid or admissible, hold good, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; to be proved or demonstrated or established, result from, [Pat.]; [Pañcat.]; [Sarvad.]; to be set right, (esp.) be healed or cured, [Suśr.]; [BhP.]; to be well cooked, [W.]; to conform to a person's will, yield to (gen.), [Kathās.]; to fall to a person's (gen.) lot or share, [Prab.]; to come into existence, originate, arise, [BhP.] : Caus. sedhayati (aor. asīṣidhat) or sādhayati, to show the knowledge or skill (of any one, the former, ‘with reference to sacred things’, the latter, ‘to secular things’), [Pat.] on [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 49] (sadh°), to accomplish, effect, [MW.] : Desid. siṣitsati Gr.: Intens. seṣidhyate, seṣeddhi, [ib.]

ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

yathā : yáthā ind. (in Veda also unaccented; fr. 3. ya, correlative of táthā) in which manner or way, according as, as, like (also with cid, ha, ha vai, iva, ivāṅga, iva ha, eva, and followed by correl. tathā, tathā tathā, tadvat, evam, Ved. also evá), [RV.] &c. &c. (yathaitat or yathaivaitat, ‘as for that’ ; yathā-tathā or — tena satyena, ‘as surely as’ — ‘so truly’)

yathā : as, for instance, namely (also tad yathā, ‘as here follows’), [Up.]; [GṛŚrS.]; [Nir.]

yathā : as it is or was (elliptically), [BhP.]

yathā : that, so that, in order that (with Pot. or Subj., later also with fut. pres., impf. and aor.; in earlier language is often placed after the first word of a sentence; sometimes with ellipsis of syāt and bhavet), [RV.] &c. &c.

yathā : that (esp. after verbs of ‘knowing’, ‘believing’, ‘hearing’, ‘doubting’ &c.; either with or without iti at the end of the sentence), [Up.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

yathā : as soon as, [Megh.]

yathā : as, because, since ( — tathā, ‘as’ — ‘therefore’), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

yathā : as if (with Pot.), [Daś.]; [Śak.]; how (= quam, expressing ‘admiration’), [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 37], Sch.

yathā : according to what is right, properly, correctly (= yathāvat), [BhP.] (yáthā yathā — táthā tathā or evaíva, ‘in whatever manner’, — ‘in that manner’, ‘according as’ or ‘in proportion as’, — ‘so’, ‘by how much the more’ — ‘by so much’, ‘the more’ — ‘the more’; yathā tathā, ‘in whatever manner’, ‘in every way’, ‘anyhow’; with na, ‘in no way’, ‘really not’; yathā kathaṃcit, ‘in any way’, ‘somehow or other’; yathaiva, ‘just as’; tad yathāpināma, ‘just as if’).

yathā : yathāṃśa-tas &c. See p. 841, cols. 2 and 3 &c.

mat : mát See 3. ma and 1. mád.

mat : in comp. for 1. mad.

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

adhara : ádhara mfn. (connected with adhás), lower, inferior, tending downwards

adhara : low, vile

adhara : worsted, silenced

adhara : ádhara m. the lower lip, the lip

adhara : ádhara n. the lower part; a reply; pudendum muliebre, [L.]

adhara : [Lat. inferus].

vad : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiii, 40]) vádati, °te (ep. mc. also vādati; Pot. udeyam, [AV.]; pf. uvāda pl. ūdimá, [RV.]; ūde &c., [Br.]; [Up.]; veditha, °dāthuḥ, °duḥ, [Vop.]; aor. avādīt, °diṣuḥ, [RV.] &c. &c.; Subj. vādiṣaḥ, [AV.]; avādiran, [ib.]; vadiṣma, °ṣṭhāḥ, [Br.]; Prec. udyāt, [ib.]; fut. vadiṣyáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; inf. váditos, [Br.]; vaditum, [ib.] &c.; ind.p. uditvā, [GṛŚrS.]; -udya, [Br.]), to speak, say, utter, tell, report, speak to, talk with, address (P. or Ā.; with acc. of the thing said, and acc. [with or without abhi] or gen., or loc. of the person addressed ; also followed by yad, ‘that’, or by yadi, ‘whether’), [RV.] &c. &c.; (P.) to praise, recommend, [MBh.]; to adjudge, adjudicate, [TS.]; [BhP.]; to indicate, designate, [VarBṛS.]; to proclaim, announce, foretell, bespeak, [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to allege, affirm, [ib.]; to declare (any one or anything) to be, call (two acc. or acc. and nom. with iti), [AV.] &c. &c.; (with or scil. vācam) to raise the voice, sing, utter a cry (said of birds and &c.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (Ā.) to say, tell, speak to (acc.), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to mention, state, communicate, name, [TS.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]; to confer or dispute about, [RV.]; [TS.]; to contend, quarrel, [ŚBr.]; to lay claim to (loc.), [AitBr.]; to be an authority, be eminent in (loc.), [Pāṇ. i, 3, 47]; to triumph, exult, [Bhaṭṭ.] : Pass. udyáte (aor. avādi), to be said or spoken &c., [AV.]; &c. : Caus. vādáyati m.c. also °te (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 89]; aor. avīvadat; Pass. vādyate, ep. also °ti), to cause to speak or say, [MBh.]; to cause to sound, strike, play (with instr., rarely loc. of the instrument), [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to play music, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]; (with bahu) to make much ado about one's self, [Subh.]; to cause a musical instrument (acc.) to be played by (instr.), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 58] Vārtt. 2; [Pat.]; to speak, recite, rehearse, [Hariv.] : Desid. vivadiṣati, °te, to desire to speak, [Br.]; [Gobh.] : Intens. vā́vadīti ([RV.]; [AV.]), vāvadyáte, ([ŚBr.]), vāvatti (Gr.), to speak or sound aloud.

vad : [cf. Lit. vadìnti.]