vi : ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).

vi : [cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]

vi : n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]

vi : ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)

vi : sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)

vi : in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)

vi : it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article

vi : but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.

dyu : cl. 2. P. dyauti ([Dhātup. xxiv, 31]; pf. dudyāva, 3. pl. dudyuvur) to go against, attack, assail, [Bhaṭṭ.]

dyu : dyú for 3. div as inflected stem and in comp. before consonants.

i : the third vowel of the alphabet, corresponding to i short, and pronounced as that letter in kill &c.

i : ind. an interjection of anger, calling, sorrow, distress, compassion, &c., (g. cādi, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 57], &c.)

i : base of Nominative case and Acc. sg. du. and pl. of the demonstrative pronoun idam, ‘this’ or ‘that’

i : [cf. ítara, itas, iti, íd, idā́, iyat, iva, iha: cf. also Lat. id; Goth. ita; Eng. it; Old Germ. iz; Mod. Germ. es.]

i : m. N. of Kāmadeva, [L.]

i : cl. 2. P. éti (Impv. 2. sg. ihí) and 1. P. Ā. áyati, ayate [cf. √ ay], (pf. iyāya [2. sg. iyátha, [AV. viii, 1, 10], and iyétha, [RV.]] fut. eṣyati; aor. aiṣīt; inf. etum, étave, [RV.] & [AV.], étavaí, [RV.] étos, [RV.] ityaí, [RV. i, 113, 6]; [124, 1]) to go, walk; to flow; to blow; to advance, spread, get about; to go to or towards (with acc.), come, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hit.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to go away, escape, pass, retire, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [R.]; to arise from, come from, [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to return (in this sense only fut.), [MBh.]; [R.]; (with punar) to come back again, return, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to succeed, [Mn. iii, 127]; to arrive at, reach, obtain, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Śak.]; [Hit.] &c.; to fall into, come to; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (cf. ita); to undertake anything (with acc.); to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a part. or instr., e.g. asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti, ‘the Asuras and Rakshases are being continually crushed’, [ŚBr. i, 1, 4, 14]; gavāmayaneneyuḥ, ‘they, were engaged in the [festival called] Gavāmayana’, [KātyŚr. xxv, 5, 2]); to appear, be, [KaṭhUp.] : Intens. Ā. ī́yate ([RV. i, 30, 18]; p. iyāná, [RV.]; inf. iyádhyai, [RV. vi, 20, 8]) to go quickly or repeatedly; to come, wander, run, spread, get about, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to appear, make one's appearance, [RV.]; [AV.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; to approach any one with requests (with two acc.), ask, request, [RV.]; [AV.]: Pass. ī́yate, to be asked or requested, [RV.]: Caus. āyayati, to cause to go or escape, [Vop.];

i : [cf. Gk. εἶ-μι, ἴ-μεν; Lat. e-o, ī-mus, i-ter, &c.; Lith. ei-mì, ‘I go’; Slav. i-dû, ‘I go’, i-ti, ‘to go’; Goth. i-ddja, ‘I went’.]

rajaḥ : in comp. for rajas.

rajas : rájas n. ‘coloured or dim space’, the sphere of vapour or mist, region of clouds, atmosphere, air, firmament (in Veda one of the divisions of the world and distinguished from div or svar, ‘the sphere of light’, and rocanā divaḥ, ‘the ethereal spaces’, which are beyond the , as ether is beyond the air; often = ‘the whole expanse of heaven or sky’, divided into a lower and upper stratum, the rajas uparam or pārthivam and the rajas uttamam or paramam or divyam; hence du. rajasī, ‘the lower and higher atmospheres’; sometimes also three and [RV. i, 164, 6] even six such spheres are enumerated, hence pl. rajāṃsi, ‘the skies’), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [VS.]; [Br.]

rajas : vapour, mist, clouds, gloom, dimness, darkness, [RV.]; [AV.]

rajas : impurity, dirt, dust, any small particle of matter, [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. go-r°)

rajas : the dust or pollen of flowers, [Kālid.]; [BhP.]

rajas : cultivated or ploughed land (as ‘dusty’ or ‘dirty’), arable land, fields, [RV.]

rajas : the impurity i.e. the menstrual discharge of a woman, [GṛS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Suśr.] &c.

rajas : the ‘darkening’ quality, passion, emotion, affection, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

rajas : (in phil.) the second of the three Guṇas or qualities (the other two being sattva, goodness, and tamas, darkness; cf. [IW. 85]; is sometimes identified with tejas, q.v.; it is said to predominate in air, and to be active, urgent, and variable), [Sāṃkhyak.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Suśr.] &c.

rajas : ‘light’ or ‘day’ or ‘world’ or ‘water’, [Nir. iv, 19]

rajas : a kind of plant (= parpaṭa), [Bhpr.]

rajas : tin, [L.]

rajas : autumn, [L.]

rajas : sperm, [L.]

rajas : safflower, [L.]

rajas : rájas m. N. of a Ṛṣi (son of Vasiṣṭha), [VP.]

rajas : [cf. Gk. ἔ-ρεβος; Goth. riqis.]

pṛthu : pṛthú mf(vI/ or u)n. broad, wide, expansive, extensive, spacious, large

pṛthu : great, important

pṛthu : ample, abundant

pṛthu : copious, numerous, manifold, [RV.] &c. &c. (°u ind.)

pṛthu : prolix, detailed, [Var.]

pṛthu : smart, clever, dexterous, [L.]

pṛthu : pṛthú m. a partic. measure of length (= pṛtha), [L.]

pṛthu : fire, [L.]

pṛthu : N. of Śiva, [MBh.]

pṛthu : of one of the Viśve Devās, [VP.]

pṛthu : of a Dānava, [Hariv.]

pṛthu : of a son of An-enas, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]

pṛthu : of a Vṛṣṇi and son of Citraka, [ib.]

pṛthu : of a son of Citra-ratha, [BhP.]

pṛthu : of a descendant of Ikṣvāku (son of An-araṇya and father of Tri-śaṅku), [R.]

pṛthu : of a son of Para, [Hariv.]

pṛthu : of a son of Prastāra, [VP.]

pṛthu : of a son of Rucaka, [BhP.]

pṛthu : of a son of one of the Manus, [Hariv.]

pṛthu : of one of the Saptarṣis, [ib.]

pṛthu : of a son of Vaṭeśvara (father of Viśākha-datta), [Cat.]

pṛthu : of a son of Veṇa, [MWB. 423]

pṛthu : of a monkey, [R.]

pṛthu : (u), f. Nigella Indica, [L.]

pṛthu : = hiṅgu-pattrī, [L.]

pṛthu : opium, [L.]

pṛthu : [cf. Gk. πλατύς; Germ. platt; Eng. plate.]

pṛthu : pṛthú ind.

mā : f. a mother, [L.]

mā : measure, [L.]

mā : authority (-tva n.), [Nyāyam.]

mā : light, [L.]

mā : knowledge, [L.]

mā : binding, fettering, [L.]

mā : death, [L.]

mā : a woman's waist, [L.]

mā : mā́ ind. (causing a following ch to be changed to cch, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 74]) not, that not, lest, would that not, [RV.] &c. &c.

mā : a particle of prohibition or negation = Gk. μή, most commonly joined with the Subjunctive i.e. the augmentless form of a past tense (esp. of the aor., e.g. mā́ no vadhīr indra, do not slay us, O Indra, [RV.]; mā bhaiṣīḥ or mā bhaiḥ, do not be afraid, [MBh.]; tapovana-vāsinām uparodho mā bhūt, let there not be any disturbance of the inhabitants of the sacred grove, [Śak.]; often also with sma, e.g. mā sma gamaḥ, do not go, [Bhag.] cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 175]; [176]; in the sense of ‘that not, lest’ also yathā mā, e.g. yathā mā vo mṛtyuḥ pari-vyatkā iti, that death may not disturb you, [PraśnaUp.]; or mā yathā, e.g. mā bhūt kālātyayo yathā, lest there be any loss of time, [R.]; mā na with aor. Subj. = Ind. without a negative, e.g. mā dviṣo na vadhīr mama, do slay my enemies, [Bhaṭṭ.] cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]; rarely with the augmentless impf. with or without sma, e.g. mainam abhibhāṣathāḥ, do not speak to him, [R.]; mā sma karot, let him not do it, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 74], Sch.; exceptionally also with the Ind. of the aor., e.g., mā kālas tvām aty-agāt, may not the season pass by thee, [MBh.]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 75], Sch.)

mā : or with the Impv. (in [RV.] only [viii, 103, 6], mā no hṛṇītām [[SV.] hṛṇītās] agníḥ, may Agni not be angry with us; but very often in later language, e.g. mā kranda do not cry, [MBh.]; gaccha vā mā vā, you can go or not go, [ib.]; ripur ayam mā jāyatām, may not this foe arise, [Śāntiś.]; also with sma, e.g. mā sma kiṃ cid vaco vada do not speak a word, [MBh.])

mā : or with the Pot. (e.g. mā yamam paśyeyam, may I not see Yama; esp. mābhujema in [RV.])

mā : or with the Prec. (only once in mā bhūyāt, may it not be, [R. [B.] ii, 75, 45])

mā : or sometimes with the fut. (= that not, lest, e.g. mā tvāṃ śapsye, lest I curse thee, [MBh.] cf. [Vop. xxv, 27])

mā : or with a participle (e.g. mā jīvanyo duḥkhadagdho jīvati, he ought not to live who lives consumed by pain, [Pañcat.]; gataḥ sa mā, he cannot have gone, [Kathās.]; maīvamprārthyam, it must not be so requested, [BhP.])

mā : sometimes for the simple negative na (e.g. katham mā bhūt, how may it not be, [Kathās.]; mā gantum arhasi, thou oughtest not to go, [R.]; mā bhūd āgataḥ, can he not i.e. surely he must have arrived, [Amar.])

mā : occasionally without a verb (e. g. mā śabdaḥ or śabdam, do not make a noise, [Hariv.]; mā nāma rakṣiṇaḥ, may it not be the watchmen, [Mṛcch.]; mā bhavantam analaḥ pavano vā, may not fire or wind harm thee, [Vām. v, 1, 14]; esp. = not so, e.g. mā prātṛda, not so, O Pr°, [ŚBr.]; in this meaning also mā mā, mā maivam, mā tāvat)

mā : in the Veda often with u (mó) = and not, nor (e.g. mā́ maghónaḥ pári khyatam mó asmā́kam ṛ́ṣṇām, do not forget the rich lords nor us the poets, [RV. v, 65, 6]; and then usually followed by ṣú = sú, e.g. mo ṣú ṇaḥ nírṛtir vadhīt, let not N° on any account destroy us, [i, 38, 6])

mā : in [ŚBr.] sma mā — mó sma = neither — nor (in a prohibitive sense).

mā : cl. 3. P. mímāti (accord. to [Dhātup. xxv, 6] Ā. mimīte, [SV.] mimeti; Pot. mimīyat, [Kāṭh.]; pf., mimāya; aor. ámīmet Subj. mīmayat; inf. mā́tavaí), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (esp. said of cows, calves, goats &c.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.] : Intens., only pr. p. mémyat, bleating (as a goat), [RV. i, 162, 2.]

mā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 54]) māti; cl. 3. Ā. ([xxv, 6]) mímīte; cl. 4. Ā. ([xxvi, 33]) māyate (Ved. and ep. also mimāti Pot. mimīyāt Impv., mimīhi; Pot. mimet, [Br.]; pf. mamaú, mame, mamiré, [RV.]; aor. ámāsi Subj. mā́sātai, [AV.]; amāsīt Gr.; Prec. māsīṣṭa, meyāt, [ib.]; fut. mātā; māsyati, māsyate, [ib.]; inf. -mé, -maí, [RV.]; mātum, [Br.]; ind.p. mitvā́, -mā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.), to measure, mete out, mark off, [RV.] &c. &c.; to measure across = traverse, [RV.]; to measure (by any standard), compare with (instr.), [Kum.]; (māti) to correspond in measure (either with gen., ‘to be large or long enough for’, [BhP.]; or with loc., ‘to find room or be contained in’, [Inscr.]; [Kāv.]; or with na and instr., ‘to be beside one's self with’, [Vcar.]; [Kathās.]); to measure out, apportion, grant, [RV.]; to help any one (acc.) to anything (dat.), [ib.], [i, 120, 9]; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make, [RV.]; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta, ‘he displayed or developed himself’, [iii, 29, 11]), [ib.]; (in phil.) to infer, conclude; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi), [Naigh. iii, 19] : Pass. mīyáte (aor. amāyi); to be measured &c., [RV.]; &c. Caus., māpayati, °te (aor. amīmapat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 93], Vārtt. 2 [Pat.]), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect, [Up.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.: Desid. mitsati, °te, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 54]; [58] (cf. nir-√ mā) : Intens. memīyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 66.]

mā : [cf. Zd. mā; Gk. μέτρον, μετρέω; Lat. mētior, mensus, mensura; Slav. měra; Lith. mėrà.]

mā : f. See under ma, p. 771, col. 2.

aktu : aktú m. tinge, ray, light, [RV.]

aktu : dark tinge, darkness, night, [RV.]

spaś : (cf. √ paś; only occurring in pf. paspaśe, p. paspaśāná; aor. áspaṣṭa), to see, behold, perceive, espy, [RV.] : Caus. spāśayati ([ĀpŚr.]) and spāśáyate ([RV.]), to make clear, show; to perceive, observe.

spaś : [cf. Gk. σκέπ-τομαι, σκοπ-ή; Lat. spicio; Germ. spëhôn, spähen; Eng. spy.]

spaś : spáś m. one who looks or beholds, a watcher, spy, messenger (esp. applied to the messengers of Varuṇa), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

spaś : [cf. Lat. spex in auspex; Gk. σκώψ.]

spaś : (cf. √ paś) cl. 1. P. Ā. spaśati, °te (p. paspāśa, paspaśe; fut. spaśitā &c.), to bind, fetter, stop, hinder, [Dhātup. xxi, 22] : Caus. spāśayati (aor. apaspaśat) Gr.: Desid. pispaśiṣati, °te, [ib.] : Intens. pāspaśyate, pāspaṣṭi, [ib.]

spaś : (v.l. sparś; connected with √ 1. spṛś) cl. 10. P. spāśayati, to take or take hold of [Dhātup. xxxiii, 7]; to unite, join, embrace, [ib.]

janman : jánman n. birth, production (kṛta-janman mfn. ‘planted’, [Kum. v, 60]), origin (ifc. ‘born from’ e.g. śūdra. q.v.), [RV. iii, 26, 7]; [vii, 33, 10]; [AV.]; [VS.] &c.

janman : existence, life, [Mn.]; [Bhag. iv, 5]; [Yogas. ii, 12] (dṛṣṭādṛṣṭaj°, ‘present and future life’), &c. (°ma acc. ind. through the whole life, [HPariś. iv, 7])

janman : nativity, [VarBṛS. i, 10]

janman : re-birth, [Sarvad. xi]

janman : birthplace, home, [RV. ii, 9, 3]; [viii, 69, 3]; [x, 5, 7]; [AV.]; [VS.]

janman : a progenitor, father, [Śak. vii, 18]

janman : natal star, [VarBṛS. iv, 28]

janman : (in astrol.) N. of the 1st lunar mansion, [civ]

janman : a creature, being, [RV.]; [TBr. ii]; [AitBr. iv, 10]

janman : people, [RV. ii, 26, 3]; [iii, 15, 2]

janman : the people of a household, kind, race, [RV.] (ubháyaj° sg., du. and pl., ‘both races’ i.e. gods and men or [[x, 37, 11]] men and animals)

janman : nature, quality, [i, 70, 2]

janman : custom, manner (pratnéna jánmanā, according to ancient custom), [i, 87, 5]; [ix, 3, 9]; [SV.] (v.l. manm°, [RV.]), [Hariv. 15718] (dūta-janmanā, ‘like a messenger’)

janman : water, [Naigh. i, 12.]

sūrya : sū́rya m. the sun or its deity (in the Veda the name Sūrya is generally distinguished from Savitṛ [q.v.], and denotes the most concrete of the solar gods, whose connection with the luminary is always present to the poet's mind ; in [Nir. vii, 5] he is regarded as one of the original Vedic triad, his place being in the sky, while that of Agni is on the earth, and that of Indra is in the atmosphere; ten hymns in the [RV.] are entirely in praise of Sūrya, e.g. [i, 50], [i, 115] &c., also, [AV. xiii, 2]; he moves through the sky in a chariot drawn by seven ruddy horses or mares [see saptāśva, harit, harid-aśva]; in the later mythology Sūrya is identified with Savitṛ as one of the 12 Ādityas or emblems of the Sun in the 12 months of the year, and his seven-horsed chariot is said to be driven by Aruṇa or the Dawn as its charioteer, who is represented without legs; the Sun, whether named Sūrya or Vivasvat, has several wives See sūryā below), [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. [IW. 11]; [16] &c.; [RTL. 341])

sūrya : a symbolical expression for the number ‘twelve’ (in allusion to the sun in the 12 signs of the zodiac), [Jyot.]; [Hcat.]

sūrya : the swallow-wort (either Calotropis or Asclepias Gigantea, = arka), [L.]

sūrya : N. of the son of Bali, [L.]

sūrya : of a Dānava, [VahniP.]

sūrya : of an astronomer (= sūrya-dāsa), [Cat.]

sūrya : epithet of Śiva, [MBh.]

sūrya : sū́rya mfn. solar (perhaps w.r. for saurya), [Jyot.][For cognate words See under 2. svár.]

sūrya : &c. See p. 1243, col. 1.