ūrdhva : ūrdhvá mf(A)n. (√ vṛdh, [BRD.]; perhaps fr. √ ṛ), rising or tending upwards, raised, elevated, erected, erect, upright, high, above, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c. (in class. Sanskṛt occurring generally in compounds)

ūrdhva : ūrdhvá (am), n. height, elevation, [L.]

ūrdhva : anything placed above or higher (with abl.), [L.]

ūrdhva : [cf. Gk. ὀρθός; Lat. arduus; Gaël. ard.]

gandharva : gandharvá as, m. a Gandharva [though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded as a class, yet in [RV.] rarely more than one is mentioned; he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva (divyá g°, [RV. ix, 86, 36] and [x, 139, 5]), and is also called Viśvā-vasu ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [139, 4] and [5]) and Vāyu-keśa (in pl. [RV. iii, 38, 6]); his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters ([RV. i, 22, 14]; [viii, 77, 5]; [ix, 85, 12]; [86, 36]; [x, 10, 4]; [AV. ii, 2, 3]); his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma ([RV. ix, 83, 4] and [85, 12]), which the gods obtain through his intervention ([RV.]; [AV. vii, 73, 3]; cf. [RV. i, 22, 14]); it is obtained for the human race by Indra, who conquers the Gandharva and takes it by force ([RV. viii, 1, 11] and [77, 5]); the heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good physician, because the Soma is considered as the best medicine; possibly, however, the word Soma originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly Gandharva may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon; in one passage ([RV. ix, 86, 36]) the heavenly Gandharva and the Soma are identified; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses ([i, 163, 2]; [x, 177, 2]; cf. [135, 5]); he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ([x, 139, 5] and [6]; [AV. ii, 1, 2]; [xx, 128, 3]; [VS. xi, 1]; [xxxii, 9]); he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, Yama and Yamī ([RV. x, 10, 4]), and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [40] and [41]); for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies ([AV. xiv, 2, 35] and [36]); ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva (cf. -gṛhīta, -graha); the Gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva; they live in the sky ([RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr. xiv]), guard the Soma ([RV. ix, 113, 3]; [ŚBr. iii]; [AitBr. i, 27]), are governed by Varuṇa (just as the Apsarasas are governed by Soma), [ŚBr. xiii]; [ĀśvŚr. x, 7, 3], know the best medicines ([AV. viii, 7, 23]; [VS. xii, 98]), regulate the course of the asterisms ([AV. xiii, 1, 23]; [BhP. iv, 29, 21]; hence twenty-seven are mentioned, [VS. ix, 7]), follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them ([AV.]; [ŚBr. iii]); as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma, the Gandharvas, and Agni ([Gṛhyās. ii, 19 f.]; [Pañcat.]; [Suśr.]); the wives of the Gandharvas are the Apsarasas (cf. gandharvāpsarás), and like them the Gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice ([AV. vii, 109, 5]); they are also feared as evil beings together with the Rākṣasas, Kimīdins, Piśācas, &c., amulets being worn as a protection against them ([AV.]; [Suśr.]); they are said to have revealed the Vedas to Vāc ([ŚBr. iii]; cf. [PārGṛ. ii, 12, 2]), and are called the preceptors of the Ṛṣis ([ŚBr. xi]); Purūravas is called among them ([ib.]); in epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers (cf. [RV. x, 177, 2]) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing also in his battles ([Yājñ. i, 71]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.; cf. [RTL. p. 238]); in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (i.e. gods, manes, Gandharvas, [AV. xi, 5, 2]; or gods, Asuras, Gandharvas, men, [TS. vii, 8, 25, 2]; cf. [ŚBr. x]; or gods, men, Gandharvas, Apsarasas, Sarpas, and manes, [AitBr. iii, 31, 5]; for other enumerations cf. [Nir. iii, 8]; [Mn. i, 37] [[RTL. p. 237]] & [iii, 196]; [vii, 23]; [xii, 47]; [Nal.] &c.); divine and human Gandharvas are distinguished ([TUp. ii, 8]; the divine or Deva-Gandharvas are enumerated, [MBh. i, 2550 ff.] and [4810 ff.]); another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas ([TĀr. i, 9, 3]); the chief or leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha ([Bhag. x, 26]); they are called the creatures of Prajāpati ([Mn. i, 37]) or of Brahmā ([Hariv. 11793]) or of Kaśyapa ([11850]) or of the Munis ([MBh. i, 2550]; [Hariv. 11553]) or of Prādhā ([MBh. i, 2556]) or of Ariṣṭā ([Hariv. 234]; [VP. i, 21]) or of Vāc ([PadmaP.]); with Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras]

gandharva : N. of the attendant of the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī, [L.]

gandharva : a singer, [VarBṛS. lxxxvii, 33]; [BhP. i, 11, 21]

gandharva : the Koïl or black cuckoo, [L.]

gandharva : a sage, pious man, [Mahīdh.] on [VS. xxxii, 9]

gandharva : a horse, [MBh. iii, 11762]

gandharva : cf. [ii, 1043]

gandharva : the musk deer (derived fr. gandha), [L.]

gandharva : the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost), [L.]

gandharva : N. of the 14th Kalpa or period of the world, [VāyuP. i, 21, 30]

gandharva : of the 21st Muhūrta, [Sūryapr.]

gandharva : of a Svara or tone (for gāndhāra?), [Hariv. ii, 120, 4]

gandharva : gandharvá m. pl. the Gandharvas (see above)

gandharva : gandharvá m. N. of a people (named together with the Gāndhāras), [R. vii, 100, 10 f.] and [101, 2 ff.] and [11]; [VarBṛS. xiv, 31]

gandharva : [cf. Gk. κένταυρος fr. κενθαρϝο-ς.]

adhi : m. (better ādhi, q.v.), anxiety

adhi : f. a woman in her courses (= avi, q.v.), [L.]

adhi : ádhi ind., as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides. As a separable adverb or preposition

adhi : (with abl.) Ved. over

adhi : from above, from

adhi : from the presence of

adhi : after, [AitUp.]

adhi : for

adhi : instead of [RV. i, 140, 11], (with loc.) Ved. over

adhi : on

adhi : at

adhi : in comparison with

adhi : (with acc.) over, upon, concerning.

nāka : nā́ka m. (√ nam [?]; according to [Br.] & [Nir.] fr. 2. ná + 2. -áka, ‘where there is no pain’ [?]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 75] and below mfn.) vault of heaven (with or scil. divás), firmament, sky (generally conceived as threefold, cf. tri-diva, tri-nāka, and [AV. xix, 27, 4]; in [VS. xvii, 67] there is a fivefold scale, viz. pṛthivī, antari-kṣa, div, divo-nāka, and svar-jyotis), [RV.] &c. &c.

nāka : the sun, [Naigh. i, 4]

nāka : N. of a Maudgalya, [ŚBr.] &c.

nāka : of a myth. weapon of Arjuna, [MBh.]

nāka : of a dynasty, [VP.]

nāka : nā́ka mfn. painless, [ChUp. ii, 10, 5.]

sthā : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 30]) tíṣṭhati, °te (pf. tasthaú, tasthe, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. ásthāt, ásthita, [ib.]; 3. pl. asthiran, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; āsthat [?] [AV.]; asthiṣi, °ṣata, [Br.] &c.; Subj. sthāti, sthā́thaḥ, [RV.]; Prec. stheyāt, [ib.]; stheṣam, °ṣuḥ [?] [AV.]; sthāsīṣṭa Gr.; fut. sthātā, [MBh.] &c.; sthāsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. sthā́tum, [ib.]; °tos, [Br.]; [GṛŚrS.]; -sthitum, [R.]; ind.p. sthitvā, [MBh.] &c.; -sthā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.; -sthāyam, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to stand, stand firmly, station one's self, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on (with pādābhyām, ‘to stand on the feet’; with jānubhyām, ‘to kneel’; with agre or agratas and gen., ‘to stand or present one's self before’; with puras and with or without gen., ‘to stand up against an enemy &c.’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action (e.g. with kanyā, ‘to remain a girl or unmarried’; with tūṣṇīm or with maunena instr. ‘to remain silent’; with sukham, ‘to continue or feel well’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with loc.; e.g. with rājye, ‘to continue governing’; with śāsane, ‘to practise obedience’; with bale, ‘to exercise power’; with sva-dharme, ‘to do one's duty’; with sva-karmaṇi, ‘to keep to one's own business’; with saṃśaye, ‘to persist in doubting’; also with ind.p., e.g. dharmam āśritya, ‘to practise virtue’), [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to continue to be or exist (as opp. to ‘perish’), endure, last, [TS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand, [AV.] &c. &c.; to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dat. gen., or loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (Ā. mc. also P. cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 23]; [4, 34]) to stand by, abide by, be near to, be on the side of, adhere or submit to, acquiesce in, serve, obey (loc. or dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate (see under sthitvā below), [RV.] &c. &c.; to behave or conduct one's self (with samam, ‘to behave equally towards any one’ loc.); to be directed to or fixed on (loc.), [Hariv.]; [Kathās.]; to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (loc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; to rely on, confide in (loc., e.g. mayi sthitvā, ‘confiding in me’), [Bhaṭṭ.]; to stay at, resort to (acc.), [R.]; to arise from (abl. or gen.), [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to desist or cease from (abl.), [Kathās.]; to remain unnoticed (as of no importance), be left alone (only Impv. and Pot.), [Kāv.]; [Pañcat.] : Pass. sthīyate (aor. asthāyi), to be stood &c. (frequently used impers., e.g. mayā sthīyatām, ‘let it be abided by me’ i.e. ‘I must abide’), [Br.] &c. &c.: Caus. sthāpayati, °te (aor. átiṣṭhipat; ind.p. sthāpayitvā [q.v.] and -sthā́pam: Pass. sthāpyate), to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute, [AV.] &c. &c.; to set up, erect, raise, build, [MBh.]; [R.]; to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.; to prop up, support, maintain, [MBh.]; [Hcat.]; to affirm, assent, [Sāh.]; [Nyāyas.], Sch.; to appoint (to any office loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (two acc.; with dhātrīm, ‘to employ any one as a nurse’; with rakṣārtham, ‘to appoint any one as guardian’; with sajjam, ‘to make anything ready’ ; with su-rakṣitam, ‘to keep anything well guarded’; with svīkṛtya, ‘to make anything one's own’; with pariśeṣam, ‘to leave anything over or remaining’), [ŚvetUp.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to fix, settle, determine, resolve, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to fix in or on, lead or bring into, direct or turn towards (loc., rarely acc.; with hṛdi, ‘to impress on the heart’; with manas, ‘to fix the mind on’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (loc., e.g. with naye, ‘to instruct in a plan or system’), [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; to make over or deliver up to (loc. or haste with gen., ‘into the hands of’), [Yājñ.]; [Ratnāv.]; [Kathās.]; to give in marriage, [MBh.]; to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain (with baddhvā, ‘to keep bound or imprisoned’), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to place aside, keep, save, preserve, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] : Desid. of Caus. -sthāpayiṣati (see saṃ-√ sthā) : Desid. tíṣṭhāsati, to wish to stand &c., [ŚBr.] : Intens. teṣṭhīyate; tāstheti, tāsthāti Gr.

sthā : [cf. Gk. ἱ-στάναι; Lat. stare; Lith. stóti; Slav. stati; Germ. stân, stehen; Eng. stand.]

sthā : sthā́ (or ṣṭhā́), mfn. (nom. m. n. sthā́s) standing, stationary (often ifc. = ‘standing, being, existing in or on or among’, cf. agni-ṣṭhā, ṛta-sthā &c.), [RV.]; [PañcavBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]

viśvā : víśvā (ā), f. the earth, [L.] (loc. pl. ‘in all places, everywhere’, [RV. viii, 106, 2])

viśvā : dry ginger, [L.]

viśvā : Piper Longum, [L.]

viśvā : Asparagus Racemosus, [L.]

viśvā : = ati-viṣā, or viṣā, [L.]

viśvā : N. of one of the tongues of Agni, [MārkP.]

viśvā : a partic. weight, [L.]

viśvā : N. of a daughter of Dakṣa (the wife of Dharma and mother of the Viśve Devāḥ), [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

viśvā : of a river, [BhP.]

viśvā : in comp. for viśva.

viśva : víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one

viśva : whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c.

viśva : all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.

viśva : víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.]

viśva : N. of a class of gods, cf. below

viśva : N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.]

viśva : of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.]

viśva : of a king, [MBh.]

viśva : of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa

viśva : pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.;

viśva : víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c.

viśva : dry ginger, [Suśr.]

viśva : myrrh, [L.]

viśva : a mystical N. of the sound o, [Up.]

rūpā : (ā), f. N. of a river, [VP.]

rūpa : rūpá n. (perhaps connected with varpa, varpas; ifc. f.(A), rarely (ī)) any outward appearance or phenomenon or colour (often pl.), form, shape, figure, [RV.] &c. &c. (rūpeṇa ifc. in the form of ; rūpam-√ kṛ or √ bhū, to assume a form; often ifc. = ‘having the form or appearance or colour of’, ‘formed or composed of’, ‘consisting of’, ‘like to’; sometimes used after an adj. or p.p. to emphasize its meaning or almost redundantly, cf. ghora-r°; or connected with a verb, e.g. pacati-rūpam, he cooks very well, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 57])

rūpa : dreamy or phantom shapes (pl.), [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

rūpa : handsome form, loveliness, grace, beauty, splendour, [RV.] &c. &c.

rūpa : nature, character, peculiarity, feature, mark, sign, symptom, [VS.] &c. &c.

rūpa : likeness, image, reflection, [Mn.]; [Kathās.]

rūpa : circumstances (opp. to ‘time’ and ‘place’), [Mn. viii, 45]

rūpa : sort, kind, [R.]; [Suśr.]

rūpa : mode, manner, way, [Kap.]

rūpa : (ifc.) trace of [R.]

rūpa : a single specimen or exemplar (and therefore a term for the number ‘one’), [VarBṛS.]; [Gaṇit.]

rūpa : a partic. coin (prob. a rupee), [VarBṛS.]

rūpa : a show, play, drama, [Daśar.]

rūpa : (in alg.) the arithmetical unit

rūpa : (pl.) integer number

rūpa : known or absolute number, a known quantity as having specific form (and expressed by rū i.e. first syllable of ), [IW. 182]

rūpa : (in gram.) any form of a noun or verb (as inflected by declension or conjugation), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 68] &c.

rūpa : (in phil.) the quality of colour (one of the 17 or 24 Guṇas of the Vaiśeṣikas), [IW. 68]

rūpa : (with Buddhists) material form i.e. the organized body (as one of the 5 constituent elements or Skandhas), [Dharmas. 22]; [MWB. 109]

rūpa : (in dram.) a reflection or remark made under partic. circumstances when the action is at its height (garbhe), [Bhar.]; [Daśar.] &c.

rūpa : (only [L.]) cattle

rūpa : a beast

rūpa : a sound, word

rūpa : rereading a book (= granthāvṛtti)

rūpa : rūpá m. a word of unknown meaning, [AV. xviii, 3, 40]

rūpa : (pl.) N. of a people, [MBh.]

rūpa : rūpá m. or n. N. of a place (v.l. rūma), [Cat.]

cakṣ : a (a reduplicated form of √ kāś = kśā; in the non-conjugational tenses √ khyā is substituted, [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 54 f.]; some pf. forms, however, are found) cl. 2. Ā. cáṣṭe (2. du. cakṣāthe, [RV.]; pf. p. cákṣāṇa, [RV.]; [BhP. i, 18, 25] [a- neg.]; rarely P. impf. 2. sg. acakṣas, [MBh. viii, 3384], 1. pl. acakṣma, [Naigh. iii, 11]; Ved. inf. cákṣase, [RV.]; [AV. vi, 68, 2]), to appear, become visible, [RV. viii, 19, 16]; [x, 74, 2] and [92, 6] ; to see, look at, observe, notice, [RV.]; [BhP.]; to tell, inform, [MBh. viii, 3384]; to take any one (acc.) for (acc.), [BhP. x, 73, 11.]

ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

bhānu : bhānú m. appearance, brightness, light or a ray of light, lustre, splendour, [RV.] &c. &c.

bhānu : the sun, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

bhānu : a king, prince, master, lord, [L.]

bhānu : N. of the chapters of the dictionary of an anonymous author, [Cat.]

bhānu : N. of Śiva, [L.]

bhānu : of an Āditya, [RāmatUp.]

bhānu : of a Deva-gandharva, [MBh.]

bhānu : of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [ib.]

bhānu : of a Yādava, [Hariv.]

bhānu : of the father of the 15th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī, [L.]

bhānu : of a prince (son of Prati-vyoma), [BhP.]

bhānu : of a son of Viśva-dhara and father of Hari-nātha, [Cat.]

bhānu : of a pupil of Śaṃkarācārya, [Cat.]

bhānu : of various authors (also with dīkṣita, paṇḍita, bhaṭṭa &c.), [ib.]

bhānu : pl. the Ādityas (children of Bhānu), [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

bhānu : the gods of the 3rd Manv-antara, [Hariv.]

bhānu : bhānú f. a handsome wife (= bhānu-matī), [L.]

bhānu : N. of a daughter of Dakṣa (wife of Dharma or Manu and mother of Bhānu and Āditya), [Hariv.]; [VP.]

bhānu : of the mother of Devarṣabha, [BhP.]

bhānu : of a daughter of Kṛṣṇa, [Hariv.]

bhānu : of the mother of the Dānava Śakuni &c., [BhP.]

śukra : śukrá mf(A/)n. (fr. √ 1. śuc cf. śukla) bright, resplendent, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]

śukra : clear, pure, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

śukra : light-coloured, white, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚāṅkhBr.]

śukra : pure, spotless, [RV.]; [Br.]

śukra : śukrá m. N. of Agni or fire, [R.]

śukra : of a month (Jyeṣṭha = May-June, personified as the guardian of Kubera's treasure), [MBh.]; [Suśr.]

śukra : the planet Venus or its regent (regarded as the son of Bhṛgu and preceptor of the Daityas), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.

śukra : clear or pure Soma, [RV.]

śukra : (with or scil. graha) a partic. Graha or receptacle for Soma, [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

śukra : a partic. astrol. Yoga, [L.]

śukra : a N. of the Vyāhṛtis (bhūr, bhuvaḥ, svar), [MW.]

śukra : a kind of plant (= citraka), [ib.]

śukra : N. of a Marutvat, [Hariv.]

śukra : of a son of Vasiṣṭha, [VP.]

śukra : of the third Manu, [Hariv.]

śukra : of one of the seven sages under Manu Bhautya, [MārkP.]

śukra : of a son of Bhava, [VP.]

śukra : of a son of Havir-dhāna (cf. śukla), [VP.]

śukra : (with Jainas) of a partic. Kalpa (q.v.)

śukra : śukrá n. brightness, clearness, light, [RV.]; [Up.]; [MBh.]; [R.]

śukra : (also pl.) any clear liquid (as water, Soma &c.), [RV.]; [VS.]

śukra : juice, the essence of anything, [Br.]; [ŚrS.] (also pl.)

śukra : semen virile, seed of animals (male and female), sperm, [RV.] &c. &c.

śukra : a morbid affection of the iris (change of colour &c. accompanied by imperfect vision; cf. śukla), [Suśr.]; [ŚārṅgS.]

śukra : a good action, [L.]

śukra : gold, wealth, [L.]

śukra : N. of a Sāman, [ĀrṣBr.]

śukra : of a Vedic metre, [RPrāt.]

śocis : śocís n. flame, glow, radiance, light, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Hariv.]

śocis : colour, [Kpr.]

śocis : splendour, beauty, [BhP.]

śocis : śocís mfn. shining, brilliant, [ib.]

vi : ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).

vi : [cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]

vi : n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]

vi : ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)

vi : sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)

vi : in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)

vi : it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article

vi : but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.

dyut : mfn. advancing against, (ifc.), [ib.]

dyut : cl. 1. Ā. dyótate, [AV.]; [MBh.] (also °ti) &c. (pf. didyute, p. °tāná, [RV.] [cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 67]], didyóta, [AV.]; °dyutur, [TS.]; aor. adyutat and ádidyutat, [Br.]; ádyaut, [RV.]; [Br.], adyotiṣṭa, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 91]; [iii, 1, 55], [Kāś.] p. P. dyutat Ā. °tāná or dyútāna, [RV.]; fut. dyotiṣyati, [Br.]; ind.p. dyutitvā or dyot°, [Pāṇ. i, 2, 26], [Kāś.]; -dyutya, [AitBr.]) to shine, be bright or brilliant: Caus. dyotayati (°te, [Bhaṭṭ.]) to make bright, illuminate, irradiate, [MBh.]; [Kāv.]; to cause to appear, make clear or manifest, express, mean, [ṢaḍvBr.]; [Lāṭy.]; [Śaṃk.]; [Sāh.] : Desid. didyutiṣate or didyot°, [Pāṇ. i, 2, 26], [Kāś.] : Intens. dávidyot, 3. pl. °dyutati, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; dedyutyate, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 67], [Kāś.], to shine, glitter, be bright or brilliant

dyut : dyút f. shining, splendour, ray of light, [RV.]; [MBh.] &c. (cf. danta-).

dyut : 3. Caus. dyotayati, to break, tear open, [AV. iv, 23, 5] (cf. abhivi-, ā-).

pra : prá ind. before

pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])

pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna

pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta

pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra

pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.

pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]

pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling

pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)

pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).

ruc : cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xviii, 5]) rocate (Ved. and ep. also °ti; pf. ruroca, rurucé, [RV.] &c. &c.; Subj. rurucanta Pot. rurucyās, [RV.]; p. rurukvás, rurucāná, [ib.]; aor. arucat, [Rājat.]; arociṣṭa, [Br.] &c.; arukta, [TĀr.]; p. rucāná, [RV.]; aor. Pass. aroci, [RV.]; Prec. rucīya, [TĀr.]; rociṣīya, [Br.]; ruciṣīya, [AV.]; fut. rocitā Gr.; rociṣyate, [MBh.]; inf. rocitum, [ib.]; rucé, [RV.]; ind.p. rucitvā or rocitvā, [Pāṇ. i, 2, 26]), to shine, be bright or radiant or resplendent, [RV.] &c. &c.; (only in pf. P.) to make bright or resplendent, [RV.]; to be splendid or beautiful or good, [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be agreeable to, please (dat. or gen.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be pleased with, like (acc.), [MBh.]; [R.]; to be desirous of, long for (dat.), [Hariv.] : Caus. rocáyati, °te (aor. árūrucat, °cata; Pass. rocyate), to cause to shine, [RV.]; to enlighten, illuminate, make bright, [ib.]; [ŚBr.]; [BhP.]; to make pleasant or beautiful, [AV.]; [AitBr.]; [Kum.] ; to cause any one (acc.) to long for anything (dat.), [Gīt.]; to find pleasure in, like, approve, deem anything right (acc. or inf.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to choose as (double acc.), [R.]; to purpose, intend, [Hariv.]; (Pass.) to be pleasant or agreeable to (dat.), [R.] : Desid. ruruciṣate or rurociṣate Gr.: Intens. (only p. rórucāna) to shine bright, [RV.]

ruc : [cf. Gk. λευκός, ἀμϕιλύκη; lux, luceo, luna, lumen; Goth. liuhath, lauhmuni; Germ. lioht, lieht, licht; Angl.Sax. leóht; Eng. light.]

ruc : rúc f. light, lustre, brightness, [RV.] &c. &c.

ruc : splendour, beauty, loveliness, [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.

ruc : colour, hue, [VarBṛS.]; [Kālid.]; [BhP.]

ruc : (ifc.) appearance, resemblance, [BhP.]; [Kāvyād.]

ruc : pleasure, delight, liking, wish, desire, [VS.]; [MBh.]

ruc : pl. N. of a partic. class of Apsarasas, [VP.]

rodasī : See p. 889, cols. 1, 2.

rodasī : ródasī f. (du., once sg.) heaven and earth, [RV.] &c. &c.

rodasī : (sg.) N. of lightning as wife of Rudra and companion of the Maruts (also rodasī́), [RV.]

rodasī : the earth, [R.]; [Hcat.]

śuci : śúci mfn. (f. nom. pl. śucyas, [Mn. viii, 77]) shining, glowing, gleaming, radiant, bright, [RV.] &c. &c.

śuci : brilliantly white, white, [Bhartṛ.]

śuci : clear, clean, pure (lit. and fig.), holy, unsullied, undefiled, innocent, honest, virtuous, [RV.] &c. &c.

śuci : pure (in a ceremonial sense), [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; [Bhag.] &c.

śuci : (ifc.) one who has acquitted himself of or discharged (a duty See rahaḥ-ś°)

śuci : śúci m. purification, purity, honesty, virtue, [Kāv.]

śuci : fire, [L.]

śuci : N. of a partic. fire (a son of Agni Abhimānin and Svāhā or a son of Antardhāna and Śikhaṇḍinī and brother of the fires Pavamāna and Pāvaka), [Pur.]

śuci : oblation to fire at the first feeding of an infant, [W.]

śuci : a partic. hot month (accord. to some = Āṣāḍha or Jyeṣṭha, accord. to others ‘the hot season in general’), [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.

śuci : the sun, [MaitrUp.] (Sch.)

śuci : the moon, [L.]

śuci : the planet Venus or its regent (cf. śukra), [L.]

śuci : a ray of light, [L.]

śuci : wind, [L.]

śuci : sexual love (= śṛṅgāra), [L.]

śuci : a Brāhman, [L.]

śuci : a faithful minister, true friend, [L.]

śuci : the condition of a religious student, [L.]

śuci : a fever that attacks pigs, [L.]

śuci : judicial acquittal, [W.]

śuci : white (the colour), [ib.]

śuci : a partic. plant (= citraka), [MW.]

śuci : N. of Śiva, [L.]

śuci : of a son of Bhṛgu, [MBh.]

śuci : of a son of Gada, [Hariv.]

śuci : of a son of the third Manu, [ib.]

śuci : of Indra in the 14th Manv-antara, [Pur.]

śuci : of one of the 7 sages in the 14th Manv-antara, [ib.]

śuci : of a Sārthavāha, [MBh.]

śuci : of a son of Śata-dyumna, [Pur.]

śuci : of a son of Śuddha (the son of Anenas), [ib.]

śuci : of a son of Andhaka, [ib.]

śuci : of a son of Vipra, [ib.]

śuci : of a son of Artha-pati, [Vās., Introd.]

śuci : śúci f. (also) f(I). N. of a daughter of Tāmrā and wife of Kaśyapa, (regarded as the parent of water-fowl), [Hariv.]; [VP.]