para : pára mf(A)n. (√ pṛ; abl. sg. m. n. párasmāt, °rāt; loc. párasmin, °re; nom. pl. m. páre, °rās, °rāsas; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 1, 34]; [vii, 1, 16]; [50]) far, distant, remote (in space), opposite, ulterior, farther than, beyond, on the other or farther side of, extreme

para : previous (in time), former

para : ancient, past

para : later, future, next

para : following, succeeding, subsequent

para : final, last

para : exceeding (in number or degree), more than

para : better or worse than, superior or inferior to, best or worst, highest, supreme, chief (in the compar. meanings [where also -tara], with abl., rarely gen. or ifc.; exceptionally paraṃ śatam, more than a hundred lit. ‘an excessive hundred, a hundred with a surplus’, [R.] ; parāḥ koṭayaḥ, [Prab.]; [Hcat.]), [RV.] &c. &c.

para : strange, foreign, alien, adverse, hostile, [ib.]

para : other than, different from (abl.), [Prab.]

para : left, remaining, [Kathās.]

para : concerned or anxious for (loc.), [R.]

para : pára m. another (different from one's self), a foreigner, enemy, foe, adversary, [RV.] &c. &c.

para : a following letter or sound (only ifc. mfn., e.g. ta-para, having t as the following letter, followed by t), [RPrāt.]; [Pāṇ.]

para : (scil. graha) a subsidiary Soma-graha, [TS.]

para : N. of a king of Kosala with the patr. Āṭṇāra, [Br.]

para : of another king, [MBh.]

para : of a son of Samara, [Hariv.]

para : (sc. prāsāda) of the palace of Mitravindā, [ib.]

para : pára m. or n. the Supreme or Absolute Being, the Universal Soul, [Up.]; [R.]; [Pur.]

para : pára n. remotest distance, [MBh.]

para : highest point or degree, [ib.]

para : final beatitude, [L.] (also -taram and parāt para-taram)

para : the number 10,000,000,000 (as the full age of Brahmā), [VP.]

para : N. of partic. Sāmans, [Kāṭh.]

para : pára n. any chief matter or paramount object (ifc. [f(A). ] having as the chief object, given up to, occupied with, engrossed in, intent upon, resting on, consisting of, serving for, synonymous with &c., [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.)

para : the wider or more extended or remoter meaning of a word, [Jaim.]; [Kull.]

para : (in logic) genus

para : existence (regarded as the common property of all things), [W.]

para : [cf. Zd. para; Gk. πέρᾱ, πέρᾱν; Lat. peren-die; Goth. faírra; Germ. fern; Eng. far and fore.]

para : in comp. for °ras.

adhi : m. (better ādhi, q.v.), anxiety

adhi : f. a woman in her courses (= avi, q.v.), [L.]

adhi : ádhi ind., as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides. As a separable adverb or preposition

adhi : (with abl.) Ved. over

adhi : from above, from

adhi : from the presence of

adhi : after, [AitUp.]

adhi : for

adhi : instead of [RV. i, 140, 11], (with loc.) Ved. over

adhi : on

adhi : at

adhi : in comparison with

adhi : (with acc.) over, upon, concerning.

saṃvat : saṃ-vát f. (fr. 2. sam; cf. ni-vát, pra-vát) a side, region, tract, [RV.]; [AV.]

saṃvat : = saṃgrāma, [Naigh. ii, 17.]

saṃvat : saṃ-vat ind. (a contraction of saṃ-vatsara below) a year, in the year (in later times esp. of the Vikrama era [beginning in 58 B.C. See vikramāditya] as opp. to the Śaka era [in modern times supposed to be founded by Śāli-vāhana; see 3. śaka]; sometimes = ‘in the year of the reign of’), [Inscr.] &c., [IW. 494.]

saṃvat : saṃ-vat mfn. containing the word sam, [ŚāṅkhBr.]

saṃvat : saṃ-vat n. N. of a Sāman, [PañcavBr.]

avara : ávara mf(A)n. (fr. 2. áva), below inferior, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

avara : low, mean, unimportant of small value, [ŚBr.]; [Up.]; [Mn.] &c.

avara : posterior, hinder, later, last, younger, [RV.] &c.

avara : nearer, [RV.]; [AV.]

avara : western, [ŚBr.]

avara : preceding (with abl., opposed to pára), [ŚBr.]; [RPrāt.]

avara : ávara n. ifc. (f(A). ) the least, the lowest degree, lowest sum (cf. kārṣāpaṇāvara, trirātrāvara, try-avara, daśāvara, saṃvatsarāvara); the hind thigh of an elephant, [L.]

abhi : abhí ind. (a prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) to, towards, into, over, upon. (As a prefix to verbs of motion) it expresses the notion or going towards, approaching, &c. (As a prefix to nouns not derived from verbs) it expresses superiority, intensity, &c.

abhi : e.g. abhi-tāmra, abhi-nava, q.v. (As a separate adverb or preposition) it expresses (with acc.) to, towards, in the direction of, against

abhi : into, [ŚBr.] & [KātyŚr.]

abhi : for, for the sake of

abhi : on account of

abhi : on, upon, with regard to, by, before, in front of

abhi : over. It may even express one after the other, severally, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 91], e.g. vṛkṣaṃ vṛkṣam abhi, tree after tree

abhi : [cf. Gk. ἀμϕί; Lat. ob; Zend aibi, aiwi; Goth. bi; Old High Germ. bī].

abhi : a-bhi mfn. fearless, [MBh.]

ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.

ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.]

ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]]

ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.]

ā : grandfather, [L.]

ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.]

ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.]

ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.]

ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.]

ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.]

ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.]

ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.]

ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21]

ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.]

ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.]

ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)

ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531]

ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)

ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403]

ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’

ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12]

ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)

ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51]

ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.

tara : an affix forming the compar. degree of adjectives and rarely (cf. vṛtra-tára) of substantives, [Suśr. i, 20, 11]

tara : (ām), added (in older language) to adverbs (see ati-tarā́m &c.) and (in later language) to verbs ([Pañcat. i, 14, 7]; [Ratnāv. iii, 9]; [Kathās.]), intensifying their meaning

tara : ind. with na, not at all, [BhP. x, 46, 43.]

tara : tára mfn. (√ tṝ; g. pacādi) carrying across or beyond, saving (?, said of Śiva), [MBh. xii, 10380]

tara : ifc. passing over or beyond, [W.]

tara : ‘surpassing, conquering’, see śoka-tará cf. rathaṃtará

tara : excelling, w.

tara : tára m. crossing, passage, [RV. ii, 13, 12]; [viii, 96, 1]; [Mn. viii, 404] and [407]; [Yājñ.] (ifc.), [MBh. xii]

tara : tára m. (a-tara mfn. ‘impassable’), [Bhaṭṭ. vii, 55] (cf. dus-)

tara : tára m. ‘excelling, conquering’, see duṣ-ṭára, su-tára, dus-

tara : = -paṇya, [Mn. viii, 406]

tara : a raft, [W.]

tara : a road, [L.]

tara : N. of a magical spell (against evil spirits supposed to possess certain weapons), [R. i, 30, 4]

tara : fire, [W.]

tara : N. of a man, [Rājat. vii, 809]

yatra : yátra ind. (in Veda also yátrā; fr. 3. ya, correlative of tátra, and often used for the loc. of the relative pron.) in or to which place, where, wherein, wherever, whither, [RV.] &c. &c. (yatra yatra, ‘wherever’, ‘whithersoever’; yatra tatra or yatra tatrāpi, ‘anywhere whatever’ or = yasmiṃs tasmin, ‘in whatever’; yatra tatra dine, ‘on any day whatever’; yatra kutra, with or without cit or api, ‘everywhere’ or = yasmin kasmin, ‘in whatever’; yátra kvá ca or yatra kva cana, ‘wherever’, ‘in any place whatever’, ‘whithersoever’; yatra kva ca, ‘anywhere whatever’; yatra kvāpi, ‘to any place’, ‘hither and thither’; yatra vā, ‘or elsewhere’)

yatra : on which occasion, in which case, if, when, as, [RV.] &c. &c. (yatra tatra, ‘on every occasion’, yatra kva ca, ‘whenever’)

yatra : in order that, [RV. iii, 32, 14]; [ix, 29, 5]

yatra : that (with Pot. after ‘to doubt, wonder &c.’), [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 148]

yatra : (with Pres.), [Hit. i, 176] (v.l.)

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

asmi : ‘I am’, √ 1. as, q.v.

as : cl. 2. P. ásti (2. sg. ási, 1. sg. ásmi; pl. smási or smás, sthá, sánti; (rarely Ā., e.g. 1. pl. smahe, [MBh. xiii, 13]); Subj. ásat; Imper. astu, 2. sg. edhi (fr. as-dhi cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 119]); Pot. syā́t; impf. ā́sīt, rarely ās [only in [RV. x]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 97]] ; perf. 1. and 3. sg., ā́sa, 2. sg. ā́sitha, 3. pl. āsúḥ; p. m. sát f. satī́) to be, live, exist, be present; to take place, happen; to abide, dwell, stay; to belong to (gen. or dat.); to fall to the share of, happen to any one (gen.); to be equal to (dat.), [ŚBr. xiv]; [Mn. xi, 85]; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dat.); to become, [BṛĀrUp.] &c., (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 51]-[55]); to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adj., but also with adv. [e.g. tūṣṇīm āsīt, [MBh. iii, 4041]], and often with part., [e.g. perf. Pass. p. prasthitāḥ sma, [N.]; fut. p.p. hantavyo 'smi, [N.]; fut. p. especially with Pot., and only in [ŚBr.], as yádi dāsyán-t-syā́t, ‘if he should intend to give’]; the pf. āsa helps to form the periphrastic perf., and asmi &c. the fut.);

as : [cf. Gk. ἐσ-τί; Lat. es-t; Goth. is-t; Lith. es-ti.]

as : cl. 4. P. ásyati (p. ásyat; impf. ā́syat, [AV.] [cf. parās and vy-as]; fut. p. asiṣyát; aor. āsthat [[Nir. ii, 2]; [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 17]; cf. vy-as]; perf. P. āsa [cf. parās] Ā. āse [cf. vy-as]; Ved. Inf. ástave, [VS.]) to throw, cast, shoot at (loc. dat., or gen.), [RV.] &c.; to drive or frighten away, [Nalod. iv, 36]; See also 1. astá s.v.

as : asati, °te = √ aṣ, q.v.

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

ava : áva m. favour, [RV. i, 128, 5]

ava : (cf. niravát.)

ava : áva ind. (as a prefix to verbs and verbal nouns expresses) off, away, down, [RV.] &c.

ava : (exceptionally as a preposition with abl.) down from, [AV. vii, 55, 1]

ava : (for another use of this preposition See ava-kokila.)

ava : (only gen. du. avór with vām, ‘of you both’, corresponding to sá tvám, ‘thou’, &c.), this, [RV. vi, 67, 11]; [vii, 67, 4] and (vā for vām), [x, 132, 5]

ava : [Zd. pron. ava; Slav. ovo; cf. also the syllable, αὐ in αὐ-τός, αὖ, αὖθι, &c.; Lat. au-t, au-tem, &c.]

av : cl. 1. P. ávati (Imper. 2. sg. avatāt, [RV. viii, 2, 3], p. ávat; impf. ā́vat, 2. sg. 1. ā́vaḥ [for 2. ā́vaḥ See √ vṛ]; perf. 3. sg. āva, 2. pl. āvá, [RV. viii, 7, 18], 2. sg. ā́vitha; aor. ávīt, 2. sg. ávīs, avīs and aviṣas, Imper. aviṣṭu, 2. sg. aviḍḍhí [once, [RV. ii, 17, 8]] or aviḍḍhi [six times in [RV.]], 2. du. aviṣṭam, 3. du. aviṣṭām, 2. pl. aviṣṭánā, [RV. vii, 18, 25] Prec. 3. sg. avyās, Inf. ávitave, [RV. vii, 33, 1]; Ved. ind.p. āvyā, [RV. i, 166, 13]) to drive, impel, animate (as a car or horse), [RV.]; Ved. to promote, favour, (chiefly Ved.) to satisfy, refresh; to offer (as a hymn to the gods), [RV. iv, 44, 6]; to lead or bring to (dat.: ūtáye, vā́ja-sātaye, kṣatrā́ya, svastáye), [RV.]; (said of the gods) to be pleased with, like, accept favourably (as sacrifices, prayers or hymns), [RV.], (chiefly said of kings or princes) to guard, defend, protect, govern, [BhP.]; [Ragh. ix, 1]; [VarBṛS.] &c.: Caus. (only impf. āvayat, 2. sg. āvayas) to consume, devour, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

av : [cf. Gk. ἀίω; Lat. aveo ?].