sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

pratnathā : pratná-thā ind. as formerly, as of old, in the usual manner, [RV.]

kavivṛdha : kavi—vṛdhá mfn. prospering the wise, [RV. viii, 63, 4.]

indra : índra m. (for etym. as given by native authorities See [Nir. x, 8]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 3, 4]; [Uṇ. ii, 28]; according to [BRD.] fr. in = √ inv with suff. ra preceded by inserted d, meaning ‘to subdue, conquer’ ; according to [Muir, S. T. v, 119], for sindra fr. √ syand, ‘to drop’; more probably from √ ind, ‘to drop’ q.v., and connected with indu above), the god of the atmosphere and sky

indra : the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [vajra] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. &c.

indra : (he is also regent of the east quarter, and considered one of the twelve Ādityas), [Mn.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.

indra : in the Vedānta he is identified with the supreme being

indra : a prince

indra : ifc. best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects; cf. surendra, rājendra, parvatendra, &c.), [Mn.]; [Hit.]

indra : the pupil of the right eye (that of the left being called Indrāṇī or Indra's wife), [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

indra : the number fourteen, [Sūryas.]

indra : N. of a grammarian

indra : of a physician

indra : the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (see kuṭaja), [L.]

indra : a vegetable poison, [L.]

indra : the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic

indra : the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth Nakṣatra, γ Pegasi

indra : the human soul, the portion of spirit residing in the body

indra : night, [L.]

indra : one of the nine divisions of Jambu-dvīpa or the known continent, [L.]

vāka : See bāka and p. 936, col. 2.

vāka : vāká mfn. sounding, speaking (ifc.; cf. cakra-v°, cīrī-v°)

vāka : vāká m. ([RV.] &c.) or f(A/). ([VS.]; [MaitrS.]) a text, recitation or formula (in certain ceremonies), rite

vāka : vāká m. pl. chattering, murmuring, humming, [AV.]

vāka : vāká n. N. of various Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]

vakṣaṇi : vakṣáṇi mfn. strengthening, making strong, [RV.]

śiva : śivá mf(A/)n. (according to [Uṇ. i, 153], fr. √ 1. śī, ‘in whom all things lie’; perhaps connected with √ śvi cf. śavas, śiśvi) auspicious, propitious, gracious, favourable, benign, kind, benevolent, friendly, dear (°vám ind. kindly, tenderly), [RV.] &c. &c.

śiva : happy, fortunate, [BhP.]

śiva : śivá m. happiness, welfare (cf. n.), [R. v, 56, 36]

śiva : śivá m. liberation, final emancipation, [L.]

śiva : ‘The Auspicious one’, N. of the disintegrating or destroying and reproducing deity (who constitutes the third god of the Hindū Trimūrti or Triad, the other two being Brahmā ‘the creator’ and Viṣṇu ‘the preserver’; in the Veda the only N. of the destroying deity was Rudra ‘the terrible god’, but in later times it became usual to give that god the euphemistic N. Śiva ‘the auspicious’ [just as the Furies were called Εὐμενίδες ‘the gracious ones’], and to assign him the office of creation and reproduction as well as dissolution; in fact the preferential worship of Śiva as developed in the Purāṇas and Epic poems led to his being identified with the Supreme Being by his exclusive worshippers [called Śaivas]; in his character of destroyer he is sometimes called Kāla ‘black’, and is then also identified with ‘Time’, although his active destroying function is then oftener assigned to his wife under her name Kālī, whose formidable character makes her a general object of propitiation by sacrifices; as presiding over reproduction consequent on destruction Śiva's symbol is the Liṅga [q.v.] or Phallus, under which form he is worshipped all over India at the present day; again one of his representations is as Ardha-nārī, ‘half-female’, the other half being male to symbolize the unity of the generative principle [[RTL. 85]]; he has three eyes, one of which is in his forehead, and which are thought to denote his view of the three divisions of time, past, present, and future, while a moon's crescent, above the central eye, marks the measure of time by months, a serpent round his neck the measure by years, and a second necklace of skulls with other serpents about his person, the perpetual revolution of ages, and the successive extinction and generation of the races of mankind: his hair is thickly matted together, and gathered above his forehead into a coil; on the top of it he bears the Ganges, the rush of which in its descent from heaven he intercepted by his head that the earth might not be crushed by the weight of the falling stream; his throat is dark-blue from the stain of the deadly poison which would have destroyed the world had it not been swallowed by him on its production at the churning of the ocean by the gods for the nectar of immortality; he holds a tri-śūla, or three-pronged trident [also called Pināka] in his hand to denote, as some think, his combination of the three attributes of Creator, Destroyer, and Regenerator; he also carries a kind of drum, shaped like an hour-glass, called Ḍamaru: his attendants or servants are called Pramatha [q.v.]; they are regarded as demons or supernatural beings of different kinds, and form various hosts or troops called Gaṇas; his wife Durgā [otherwise called Kālī, Pārvatī, Umā, Gaurī, Bhavāṇī &c.] is the chief object of worship with the Śāktas and Tāntrikas, and in this connection he is fond of dancing [see tāṇḍava] and wine-drinking ; he is also worshipped as a great ascetic and is said to have scorched the god of love (Kāma-deva) to ashes by a glance from his central eye, that deity having attempted to inflame him with passion for Pārvatī whilst he was engaged in severe penance; in the exercise of his function of Universal Destroyer he is fabled to have burnt up the Universe and all the gods, including Brahmā and Viṣṇu, by a similar scorching glance, and to have rubbed the resulting ashes upon his body, whence the use of ashes in his worship, while the use of the Rudrākṣa berries originated, it is said, from the legend that Śiva, on his way to destroy the three cities, called Tri-pura, let fall some tears of rage which became converted into these beads: his residence or heaven is Kailāsa, one of the loftiest northern peaks of the Himālaya; he has strictly no incarnations like those of Viṣṇu, though Vīra-bhadra and the eight Bhairavas and Khaṇḍo-bā &c. [[RTL. 266]] are sometimes regarded as forms of him; he is especially worshipped at Benares and has even more names than Viṣṇu, one thousand and eight being specified in the 69th chapter of the Śiva-Purāṇa and in the 17th chapter of the Anuśāsana-parvan of the Mahā-bhārata, some of the most common being Mahā-deva, Śambhu, Śaṃkara, Īśa, Īśvara, Maheśvara, Hara; his sons are Gaṇeśa and Kārttikeya), [ĀśvŚr.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c., [RTL. 73]

śiva : a kind of second Śiva (with Śaivas), a person who has attained a partic. stage of perfection or emancipation, [MBh.]; [Sarvad.]

śiva : śiva-liṅga, [L.]

śiva : any god, [L.]

śiva : śivá m. a euphemistic N. of a jackal (generally śivā f. q.v.)

śiva : śivá m. sacred writings, [L.]

śiva : (in astron.) N. of the sixth month

śiva : a post for cows (to which they are tied or for them to rub against), [L.]

śiva : bdellium, [L.]

śiva : the fragrant bark of Feronia Elephantum, [L.]

śiva : Marsilia Dentata, [L.]

śiva : a kind of thorn-apple or = puṇḍarīka (the tree), [L.]

śiva : quicksilver, [L.] (cf. śiva-bīja)

śiva : a partic. auspicious constellation, [L.]

śiva : a demon who inflicts diseases, [Hariv.]

śiva : śivá m. = śukra m. kāla m. vasu m., [L.]

śiva : śivá m. the swift antelope, [L.]

śiva : rum, spirit distilled from molasses, [L.]

śiva : buttermilk, [L.]

śiva : a ruby, [L.]

śiva : a peg, [L.]

śiva : time, [L.]

śiva : N. of a son of Medhātithi, [MārkP.]

śiva : of a son of Idhma-jihva, [BhP.]

śiva : of a prince and various authors (also with dīkṣita, bhaṭṭa, paṇḍita, yajvan, sūri &c.), [Cat.]

śiva : of a fraudulent person, [Kathās.]

śiva : (du.) the god Śiva and his wife, [Kir. v, 40]; [Pracaṇḍ. i, 20] (cf. [Vām. v, 2, 1])

śiva : pl. N. of a class of gods in the third Manvantara, [Pur.]

śiva : of a class of Brāhmans who have attained a partic. degree of perfection like that of Śiva, [MBh.]

śiva : śivá n. welfare, prosperity, bliss (āya, éna or ébhis, ‘auspiciously, fortunately, happily, luckily’; śivāya gamyatām, ‘a prosperous journey to you!’), [RV.] &c. &c.

śiva : final emancipation, [L.]

śiva : water, [L.]

śiva : rock-salt, [L.]

śiva : sea-salt, [L.]

śiva : a kind of borax, [L.]

śiva : iron, [L.]

śiva : myrobalan, [L.]

śiva : Tabernaemontana Coronaria, [L.]

śiva : sandal, [L.]

śiva : N. of a Purāṇa (= śiva-purāṇa or śaiva), [Cat.]

śiva : of the house in which the Pāṇḍavas were to be burnt, [MārkP.]

śiva : of a Varṣa in Plakṣa-dvīpa and in Jambu-dvīpa, [Pur.]

arka : arká m. (√ arc), Ved. a ray, flash of lightning, [RV.] &c.

arka : the sun, [RV.] &c.

arka : (hence) the number, ‘twelve’, [Sūryas.]

arka : Sunday

arka : fire, [RV. ix, 50, 4]; [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

arka : crystal, [R. ii, 94, 6]

arka : membrum virile, [AV. vi, 72, 1]

arka : copper, [L.]

arka : the plant Calotropis Gigantea (the larger leaves are used for sacrificial ceremonies; cf. arka-kośī, -parṇá, palaśá, &c. below), [ŚBr.] &c., a religious ceremony, [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.] (cf. arkāśvamedha below)

arka : praise, hymn, song (also said of the roaring of the Maruts and of Indra's thunder), [RV.] & [AV.]

arka : one who praises, a singer, [RV.]

arka : N. of Indra, [L.]

arka : a learned man (cf. [RV. viii, 63, 6]), [L.]

arka : an elder brother, [L.]

arka : N. of a physician, [BrahmaP.] (cf. arka-cikitsā below)

arka : arká m. n. (with agneḥ, indrasya, gautamasaḥ, &c.) N. of different Sāmans

arka : food, [Naigh.] & [Nir.] (cf. [RV. vii, 9, 2]).

arka : Nom. P. °kati, to become a sun, [Subh.]

asmatrā : asma—trā́ ind. (for asmat-trā́ by defective spelling), to us, with us, among us, [RV.]

gantu : gántu See [ib.]

gantu : gántu m. a way, course, [RV. i, 89, 9] and [iii, 54, 18]

gantu : a traveller, wayfarer, [Uṇ. i, 70.]

gantu : (in comp. for °tum inf. √ gam).

gam : Ved. cl. 1. P. gámati ([Naigh.]; Subj. gamam, gámat [gamātas, gamātha, [AV.]], gamāma, gaman, [RV.]; Pot. gaméma, [RV.]; inf. gámadhyai, [RV. i, 154, 6]); cl. 2. P. gánti ([Naigh.]; Impv. 3. sg. gantu, [2. sg. gadhi See ā-, or gahi See adhi-, abhy-ā-, ā-, upā-], 2. pl. gántā or gantana, [RV.]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ágan [[RV.]; [AV.]], 1. pl. áganma [[RV.]; [AV.]; cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65]], 3. pl. ágman, [RV.]; Subj. [or aor. Subj. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 80], [Kāś.]] 1. pl. ganma, 3. pl. gmán, [RV.]; Pot. 2. sg. gamyās, [RV. i, 187, 7]; Prec. 3. sg. gamyā́s, [RV.]; pr. p. gmát, [x, 22, 6]) : cl. 3. P. jaganti ([Naigh. ii, 14]; Pot. jagamyām, °yāt, [RV.]; [Hir. i, 8, 4]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ajagan, 2. pl. ajaganta or °tana, [RV.]) : Ved. and Class. cl. 1. P. (also Ā. [MBh.] &c.), with substitution of gacch [= βάσκ-ω] for , gácchati (cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 77]; Subj. gacchāti, [RV. x, 16, 2]; 2. sg. gacchās [[RV. vi, 35, 3]] or gacchāsi [[AV. v, 5, 6]]; 2. pl. gacchāta, [RV. viii, 7, 30]; 3. pl. gácchān, [RV. viii, 79, 5]; impf. ágacchat; Pot. gacchet; pr. p. gácchat, [RV.] &c.; aor. agamat, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 55]; [vi, 4, 98], [Kāś.]; for Ā. with prepositions, cf. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; 2nd fut. gamiṣyati, [AV.] &c.; 1st fut. gántā [[Pāṇ. vii, 2, 58]] [RV.] &c.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā [[RV.]], 3. sg. jagāma, 2. du. jagmathur, 3. pl. jagmúr, [RV.] &c.; p. jaganvás [[RV.] &c.] or jagmivas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68] f. jagmúṣī, [RV.] &c. ; Ved. inf. gántave, gántavaí; Class. inf. gantum: Ved. ind.p. gatvāya, gatvī́; Class. ind.p. gatvā́ [[AV.] &c.], with prepositions -gamya or -gatya, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 38]) to go, move, go away, set out, come, [RV.] &c.; to go to or towards, approach (with acc. or loc. or dat. [[MBh.]; [Ragh. ii, 15]; [xii, 7]; cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 12]] or prati [[MBh.]; [R.]]), [RV.] &c.; to go or pass (as time, e.g. kāle gacchati, time going on, in the course of time), [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Megh.]; [Naiṣ.]; [Hit.]; to fall to the share of (acc.), [Mn.] &c.; to go against with hostile intentions, attack, [L.]; to decease, die, [Cāṇ.]; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (acc.), [ĀśvGṛ. iii, 6]; [Mn.] &c.; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (e.g. mitratāṃ gacchati, ‘he goes to friendship’ i.e. he becomes friendly), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; jānubhyām avanīṃ-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the knees’, kneel down, [MBh. xiii, 935]; [Pañcat. v, 1, 10/11]; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the head’, make a bow, [R. iii, 11, 6]; mánasā-√ gam, to go with the mind, observe, perceive, [RV. iii, 38, 6]; [VS.]; [Nal.]; [R.]; (without mánasā) to observe, understand, guess, [MBh. iii, 2108]; (especially Pass. gamyate, ‘to be understood or meant’), [Pāṇ.], [Kāś.] & [L.], Sch.; doṣeṇa or doṣato-√ gam, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (acc.), [MBh. i, 4322] and [7455]; [R. iv, 21, 3] : Caus. gamayati ([Pāṇ. ii, 4, 46]; Impv. 2. sg. Ved. gamayā or gāmaya [[RV. v, 5, 10]], 3. sg. gamayatāt, [AitBr. ii, 6]; perf. gamayā́ṃ cakāra, [AV.] &c.) to cause to go ([Pāṇ. viii, 1, 60], [Kāś.]) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dat. [AV.]), bring to a place (acc. [[Pāṇ. i, 4, 52]] or loc.), [RV.] &c.; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become, [TS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to impart, grant, [MBh. xiv, 179]; to send away, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.]; ‘to let go’, not care about, [Bālar. v, 10]; to excel, [Prasannar. i, 14]; to spend time, [Śak.]; [Megh.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain, [MBh. iii, 11290]; [VarBṛS.]; [L.], Sch.; to convey an idea or meaning, denote, [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 10], [Kāś.]; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (acc.) to go by means of another, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.] : Desid. jígamiṣati ([Pāṇ.], or jigāṃsate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 16]; [Siddh.]; impf. ajigāṃsat, [ŚBr. x]) to wish to go, be going, [Lāṭy.]; [MBh. xvi, 63]; to strive to obtain, [ŚBr. x]; [ChUp.]; to wish to bring (to light, prakā́śam), [TS. i] : Intens. jáṅganti ([Naigh.]), jaṅgamīti or jaṅgamyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 85], [Kāś.]), to visit, [RV. x, 41, 1] (p. gánigmat), [VS. xxiii, 7] (impf. aganīgan);

gam : [cf. βαίνω; Goth. qvam; Eng. come; Lat. venio for gvemio.]

gam : gen. abl. gmás See kṣám.

avas : ávas n. (√ av), favour, furtherance, protection, assistance, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

avas : refreshing, [RV.]

avas : enjoyment, pleasure, [RV.]

avas : wish, desire (as of men for the gods &c., [RV.], or of the waters for the sea, [RV. viii, 16, 2]) (cf. -sv-ávas.)

avas : avás ind. (once, before m, avár, [RV. i, 133, 6]; cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 70]) (fr. áva) downwards, [RV.]

avas : (as a prep.) down from (abl. or instr.), [RV.]

avas : below (with instr.), [RV. i, 164, 17] and [18]; [x, 67, 4.]