kṛṣṇā : (ā), f. a kind of leech, [Suśr.]

kṛṣṇā : a kind of venomous insect, [ib.]

kṛṣṇā : N. of several plants (Piper longum, [L.]; the Indigo plant, [L.]; a grape, [L.]; a Punar-navā with dark blossoms, [L.]; Gmelina arborea, [L.]; Nigella indica, [L.]; Sinapis ramosa, [L.]; Vernonia anthelminthica, [L.]; = kākolī, [L.]; a sort of Sārivā, [L.]), [Suśr.]

kṛṣṇā : a kind of perfume (= parpaṭī), [Bhpr.]

kṛṣṇā : N. of Draupadī, [MBh.]

kṛṣṇā : of Durgā, [MBh. iv, 184]

kṛṣṇā : of one of the seven tongues of fire, [L.], Sch.

kṛṣṇā : of one of the mothers in Skanda's retinue, [MBh. ix, 2640]

kṛṣṇā : of a Yoginī, [Hcat.]

kṛṣṇā : (with or without gaṅgā) N. of the river Kistna, [MBh. xiii, 4888]; [PadmaP.]; [NārP.]

kṛṣṇa : kṛṣṇá mf(A/)n. black, dark, dark-blue (opposed to śvetá, śuklá, róhita, and aruṇá), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

kṛṣṇa : wicked, evil, [Vop. vii, 82]

kṛṣṇa : kṛṣṇá (as), m. (with or without pakṣa) the dark half of the lunar month from full to new moon, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [Bhag.]; [Suśr.]

kṛṣṇa : the fourth or Kali-yuga, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : (kṛ́ṣṇas), black (the colour) or dark-blue (which is often confounded with black by the Hindūs), [L.]

kṛṣṇa : the antelope, [RV. x, 94, 5]; [VS.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [BhP.]

kṛṣṇa : a kind of animal feeding on carrion, [AV. xi, 2, 2] (kṛṣṇá)

kṛṣṇa : the Indian cuckoo or Kokila (cf. [R. ii, 52, 2]), [L.]

kṛṣṇa : a crow, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : Carissa Carandas, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : N. of one of the poets of the [RV.] (descended from Aṅgiras), [RV. viii, 85, 3] and [4]; [ŚāṅkhBr. xxx, 9]

kṛṣṇa : (a son of Devakī and pupil of Ghora Āṅgirasa), [ChUp. iii, 17, 6]

kṛṣṇa : N. of a celebrated Avatār of the god Viṣṇu, or sometimes identified with Viṣṇu himself [[MBh. v, 2563]; [xiv, 1589 ff.]; [Hariv. 2359] &c.] as distinct from his ten Avatārs or incarnations (in the earlier legends he appears as a great hero and teacher [[MBh.]; [Bhag.]]; in the more recent he is deified, and is often represented as a young and amorous shepherd with flowing hair and a flute in his hand; the following are a few particulars of his birth and history as related in [Hariv. 3304 ff.] and in the Purāṇas &c.: Vasu-deva, who was a descendant of Yadu and Yayāti, had two wives, Rohiṇī and Devakī; the latter had eight sons of whom the eighth was Kṛṣṇa; Kaṃsa, king of Mathurā and cousin of Devakī, was informed by a prediction that one of these sons would kill him; he therefore kept Vasu-deva and his wife in confinement, and slew their first six children; the seventh was Balarāma who was saved by being abstracted from the womb of Devakī and transferred to that of Rohiṇī; the eighth was Kṛṣṇa who was born with black skin and a peculiar mark on his breast; his father Vasu-deva managed to escape from Mathurā with the child, and favoured by the gods found a herdsman named Nanda whose wife Yaśo-dā had just been delivered of a son which Vasu-deva conveyed to Devakī after substituting his own in its place. Nanda with his wife Yaśo-dā took the infant Kṛṣṇa and settled first in Gokula or Vraja, and afterwards in Vṛndāvana, where Kṛṣṇa and Bala-rāma grew up together, roaming in the woods and joining in the sports of the herdsmen's sons ; Kṛṣṇa as a youth contested the sovereignty of Indra, and was victorious over that god, who descended from heaven to praise Kṛṣṇa, and made him lord over the cattle [[Hariv. 3787 ff.]; [7456 ff.]; [VP.]]; Kṛṣṇa is described as sporting constantly with the Gopīs or shepherdesses [[Hariv. 4078 ff.]; [8301 ff.]; [VP.]; [Gīt.]] of whom a thousand became his wives, though only eight are specified, Rādhā being the favourite [[Hariv. 6694 ff.]; [9177 ff.]; [VP.]]; Kṛṣṇa built and fortified a city called Dvārakā in Gujarāt, and thither transported the inhabitants of Mathurā after killing Kaṃsa; Kṛṣṇa had various wives besides the Gopīs, and by Rukmiṇī had a son Pradyumna who is usually identified with Kāma-deva; with Jains, Kṛṣṇa is one of the nine black Vasu-devas; with Buddhists he is the chief of the black demons, who are the enemies of Buddha and the white demons)

kṛṣṇa : N. of an attendant in Skanda's retinue, [MBh. ix, 2559]

kṛṣṇa : of an Asura, [Hariv. 12936]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 101, 1]

kṛṣṇa : of a king of the Nāgas, [MBh. ii, 360]; [Divyāv. ii]

kṛṣṇa : of Arjuna (the most renowned of the Pāṇḍu princes, so named apparently from his colour as a child), [MBh. iv, 1389]

kṛṣṇa : of Vyāsa, [MBh.]; [Hariv. 11089]

kṛṣṇa : of Hārita See -hārita

kṛṣṇa : of a son of Śuka by Pīvarī (teacher of the Yoga), [Hariv. 980 ff.]

kṛṣṇa : of a pupil of Bharad-vāja, [Kathās. vii, 15]

kṛṣṇa : of Havir-dhāna, [Hariv. 83]; [VP.]; [BhP. iv, 24, 8]

kṛṣṇa : of a son of Arjuna, [Hariv. 1892]

kṛṣṇa : of an adopted son of A-samañjas, [2039]

kṛṣṇa : of a chief of the Andhras, [VP.]

kṛṣṇa : of the author of a Comm. on the [MBh.]

kṛṣṇa : of a poet

kṛṣṇa : of the author of a Comm. on the Dayā-bhāga

kṛṣṇa : of the son of Keśavārka and grandson of Jayāditya

kṛṣṇa : of the father of Tāna-bhaṭṭa and uncle of Raṅga-nātha

kṛṣṇa : of the father of Dāmodara and uncle of Malhaṇa

kṛṣṇa : of the father of Prabhūjīka and uncle of Vidyā-dhara

kṛṣṇa : of the father of Madana

kṛṣṇa : of the grammarian Rāma-candra

kṛṣṇa : of the son of Vāruṇendra and father of Lakṣmaṇa

kṛṣṇa : of the father of Hīra-bhaṭṭa (author of the Comm. called Carakabhāṣya, and of the work Sāhitya-sudhā-samudra)

kṛṣṇa : N. of a hell, [VP.]

kṛṣṇa : kṛṣṇá (śs), m. pl. N. of the Śūdras in Śālmala-dvīpa, [VP.]

kṛṣṇa : kṛṣṇá (ám), n. blackness, darkness, [i, 123, 1] and [9]

kṛṣṇa : kṛṣṇá m. the black part of the eye, [ŚBr. x], [xii], [xiii], [xiv]; [Suśr.]

kṛṣṇa : the black spots in the moon, [TBr. i, 2, 1, 2]

kṛṣṇa : a kind of demon or spirit of darkness, [RV. iv, 16, 13]

kṛṣṇa : black pepper, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : black Agallochum, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : iron, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : lead, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : antimony, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : blue vitriol, [L.]

kṛṣṇa : [cf. kā́rṣṇa, &c.; cf. also Russ. černyi, ‘black’.]

kṛṣṇa : Nom. P. °ṣṇati, to behave or act like Kṛṣṇa, [Vop. xxi, 7.]

rajas : rájas n. ‘coloured or dim space’, the sphere of vapour or mist, region of clouds, atmosphere, air, firmament (in Veda one of the divisions of the world and distinguished from div or svar, ‘the sphere of light’, and rocanā divaḥ, ‘the ethereal spaces’, which are beyond the , as ether is beyond the air; often = ‘the whole expanse of heaven or sky’, divided into a lower and upper stratum, the rajas uparam or pārthivam and the rajas uttamam or paramam or divyam; hence du. rajasī, ‘the lower and higher atmospheres’; sometimes also three and [RV. i, 164, 6] even six such spheres are enumerated, hence pl. rajāṃsi, ‘the skies’), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [VS.]; [Br.]

rajas : vapour, mist, clouds, gloom, dimness, darkness, [RV.]; [AV.]

rajas : impurity, dirt, dust, any small particle of matter, [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. go-r°)

rajas : the dust or pollen of flowers, [Kālid.]; [BhP.]

rajas : cultivated or ploughed land (as ‘dusty’ or ‘dirty’), arable land, fields, [RV.]

rajas : the impurity i.e. the menstrual discharge of a woman, [GṛS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Suśr.] &c.

rajas : the ‘darkening’ quality, passion, emotion, affection, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

rajas : (in phil.) the second of the three Guṇas or qualities (the other two being sattva, goodness, and tamas, darkness; cf. [IW. 85]; is sometimes identified with tejas, q.v.; it is said to predominate in air, and to be active, urgent, and variable), [Sāṃkhyak.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Suśr.] &c.

rajas : ‘light’ or ‘day’ or ‘world’ or ‘water’, [Nir. iv, 19]

rajas : a kind of plant (= parpaṭa), [Bhpr.]

rajas : tin, [L.]

rajas : autumn, [L.]

rajas : sperm, [L.]

rajas : safflower, [L.]

rajas : rájas m. N. of a Ṛṣi (son of Vasiṣṭha), [VP.]

rajas : [cf. Gk. ἔ-ρεβος; Goth. riqis.]

patsutas : patsu-tás ind. (from loc. of 3. pad + tas) at the feet, [RV. viii, 43, 6.]

prayāṇa : pra-yā́ṇa n. ([Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 29]) setting out, starting, advancing, motion onwards, progress, journey, march, invasion, [RV.] &c. &c. (with gardabhena, ‘riding on an ass’, [Pañcat.])

prayāṇa : departure, death (cf. prāṇa-pray°)

prayāṇa : onset, beginning, commencement, [Kāṭh.]; [ŚBr.]

prayāṇa : pra-yāṇa &c. See under pra-√ yā.

jātavedas : jātá—vedas (°tá-), mfn. (fr. √ vid, cl. 6) ‘having whatever is born or created as his property’, ‘all-possessor’ (or fr. √ vid, cl. 2. ‘knowing [or known by] all created beings’; cf. [Nir. vii, 19]; [ŚBr. ix, 5, 1, 68]; [MBh. ii, 1146] &c.; N. of Agni), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] &c.

jātavedas : accord. to some,‘sage, wise’

jātavedas : jātá—vedas m. fire, [MBh.] &c.

agni : agní m. (√ ag, [Uṇ.]) fire, sacrificial fire (of three kinds, Gārhapatya, Āhavanīya, and Dakṣiṇa)

agni : the number three, [Sūryas.]

agni : the god of fire, the fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluid

agni : bile, [L.]

agni : gold, [L.]

agni : N. of various plants Semecarpus Anacardium, [Suśr.], Plumbago Zeylanica and Rosea, Citrus Acida

agni : mystical substitute for the letter r

agni : in the Kātantra grammar N. of noun-stems ending in i and u

agni : (also) = next, [ĀpŚr.]

agni : [cf. Lat. ignì-s; Lith. ugni-s; Slav. ognj].

yat : yát mfn. (pr. p. of √ 5. i) going, moving, [RV.] &c. &c. (abde yati, in this year, [L.])

yat : cl. 1. Ā. (prob. connected with √ yam and orig. meaning, ‘to stretch’, [Dhātup. ii, 29]) yátate (Ved. and ep. also P. °ti; p. yátamāna, yátāna and yatāná, [RV.]; pf. yete, 3. pl. yetire, [ib.] &c.; aor. ayatiṣṭa, [Br.]; fut. yatiṣyate, [Br.], °ti, [MBh.]; inf. yatitum, [MBh.]; ind.p. -yátya, [MBh.]), (P.) to place in order, marshal, join, connect, [RV.]; (P. or Ā.) to keep pace, be in line, rival or vie with (instr.), [ib.]; (Ā.) to join (instr.), associate with (instr.), march or fly together or in line, [ib.]; to conform or comply with (instr.), [ib.]; to meet, encounter (in battle), [ib.]; [Br.]; to seek to join one's self with, make for, tend towards (loc.), [ib.]; to endeavour to reach, strive after, be eager or anxious for (with loc. dat. acc. with or without prati, once with gen.; also with arthe, arthāya, artham and hetos ifc.; or with inf.), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to exert one's self, take pains, endeavour, make effort, persevere, be cautious or watchful, [ib.]; to be prepared for (acc.), [R.] : Caus. (or cl. 10. [Dhātup. xxxiii, 62]) yātáyati (or °te; aor. ayīyatat; Pass. yātyate), to join, unite (Ā. intrans.), [RV.]; to join or attach to (loc.) P. [PañcavBr.]; to cause to fight, [AitBr.]; to strive to obtain anything (acc.) from (abl.), [Mālav.]; ; (rarely Ā.) to requite, return, reward or punish, reprove (as a fault), [RV.] &c. &c. (Ā.) to surrender or yield up anything (acc.) to (acc. or gen.), [MBh.]; (P. Ā.) to distress, torture, vex, annoy, [BhP.]; accord. to [Dhātup.] also nikāre (others nirākāre or khede) and upaskāre: Desid. yiyatiṣate Gr.: Intens. yāyatyate and yāyatti, [ib.]

yat : in comp. for yad.

ya : the 1st semivowel (corresponding to the vowels i and ī, and having the sound of the English y, in Bengal usually pronounced j).

ya : m. (in prosody) a bacchic (˘ ¯ ¯), [Piṅg.]

ya : the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension [cf. yád and Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ].

ya : m. (in some senses fr. √ 1. yā, only, [L.]) a goer or mover

ya : wind

ya : joining

ya : restraining

ya : fame

ya : a carriage (?)

ya : barley

ya : light

ya : abandoning

rudh : (cf. √ ruh, of which this seems to be only another form) cl. 1. P. ródhati, to sprout, shoot, grow (only ródhati, [RV. viii, 43, 6]; and viródhat, [i, 67, 9]; accord. to some also p. rudhat, [i, 179, 4], in nadásya rudhatáḥ kā́maḥ, ‘the desire of the growing reed’ i.e. of the membrum virile; others, ‘of the husband who keeps me away’, fr. √ 2. ; cf. also nada).

rudh : cl. 7. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxix, 1]) ruṇáddhi, runddhé (1. pl. -rudhmas, [AV.]; rundhati, °te, [Br.] &c.; rodhati, [MBh.] pf. rurodha, rurudhe, [RV.] &c. &c.; rurundhatuḥ, [MBh.]; aor. araut, [AV.]; arautsīt, [Br.] &c.; rotsīs, [Up.]; arutsi, aruddha, [Br.]; [Up.]; arautsi, [AitBr.]; arodham, [RV.]; arudhma, [MaitrS.]; p. rudhát cf. √ 1. ; arudhat, [RV.] &c. &c.; Prec. rudhyāt, [Kāv.]; fut. roddhā Gr.; rotsyati, °te, [Br.] &c. inf. roddhum or rodhitum, [MBh.]; roddhos, [Br.]; ind.p. ruddhvā, [MBh.] &c.; -rúdhya, [RV.] &c. &c.; -rundhya, [MBh.]; -rúdham, [AV.]; [Br.]; -rúndham, [Br.]; -rodham, [ib.]), to obstruct, check, arrest, stop, restrain, prevent, keep back, withhold, [RV.] (always with na), &c. &c.; to avert, keep off, repel, [Bhaṭṭ.] (cf. rudhat under √ 1. ); to shut, lock up, confine in (loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (accord. to [Vop.] also with double acc.); to besiege, blockade, invest, [Pat.]; [MBh.] &c.; to close, block up (a path), [R.]; to cover, conceal, veil, obscure, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to stop up, fill, [ib.]; to lay (dust), [Ragh.]; to touch, move (the heart), [Bālar.]; to torment, harass, [R.]; to lose, be deprived of (acc.), [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; to tear, rend asunder (?), [AV. xix, 29, 3] : Caus. rodhayati (ep. also °te and rundhayati ; aor. arūrudhat; Pass. rodhyate), to stop, arrest, [MBh.]; to cause to be confined by (acc.), [Pañcar.]; to cause to be besieged by (instr.), [Ragh.]; to close (with a cover or lid), [Bhpr.]; to fetter, enchain, influence, [BhP.]; to oppress, torment, harass, [MBh.]; [R.] : Desid. rorutsate ([Br.]), °ti ([MBh.]), to wish to obstruct &c.: Intens. rorudhyate, roroddhi, to obstruct intensely or repeatedly &c. Gr. (only rorudhaḥ, [MBh.])

rudh : (ifc.) impeding, holding (see kara-r°).

rudh : prob. a root of this form once existed with a meaning ‘to be red’.

kṣam : cl. 1. Ā. kṣámate (ep. also P. °ti; Ved. cl. 2. P. kṣamiti, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 34]; cl. 4. P. kṣāmyati [cf. Impv. Ā. 3. sg. kṣamyatām, [BhP. vi, 3, 30]] [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 74]; perf. cakṣame, [MBh.] &c., 3. pl. °mire, [ŚBr.]; 1. du. cakṣaṇvahe & 1. pl. °ṇmahe, [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65], Sch.; fut. 2nd kṣaṃsyate, °ti, kṣamiṣyati; aor. 2. sg. akṣaṃsthās, [Bhaṭṭ.]; inf. kṣantum, [MBh.] &c.), to be patient or composed, suppress anger, keep quiet, [RV. x, 104, 6]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to submit to (dat.), [ŚBr. iii]; [iv]; to bear patiently, endure, put up with (acc.), suffer, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ragh.]; to pardon, forgive anything (acc.) to (gen. or dat.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c. (e.g. kṣamasva me tad, forgive me that, [Ragh. xiv, 58]); to allow, permit, suffer, [Sāh.] ([Kuval.]); (with Pot.), [Daś.]; to bear any one, be indulgent to, [MBh. iii, 13051]; [R. iv, 27, 22]; [VarBṛS.]; [Pañcat.] (Pass.), [Hit.]; to resist, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 33], Sch.; to be able to do anything (inf.), [Śiś. i, 38] and [ix, 65]; to seem good, [Divyāv. iv] : Caus. P. Ā. kṣamayati, kṣāmayate, to ask any one (acc.) pardon for anything (acc.), [MBh.]; [Bhag.]; [Pañcat.]; (perf. kṣamayām āsa) to suffer or bear patiently, [R. v, 49, 11] (cf. kṣamāpaya);

kṣam : [cf. Goth. hramja (?) Angl.Sax. hremman, ‘to hinder, disquiet’.]

kṣam : kṣám f. (nom. kṣā́s acc. kṣā́m instr. kṣamā́ once jmā́ [[RV. vi, 52, 15]] dat. kṣe [? [RV. iv, 3, 6]], gen. abl. gmás, jmás, once kṣmás [[RV. i, 100, 15]], loc. kṣámi; du. nom. kṣā́mā [[RV. ii, 39, 7]; [x, 12, 1]; cf. dyā́va-kṣā́mā]; pl. nom. kṣāmas [[RV. viii, 70, 4]; kṣā́mīs fr. °mi, [SV.]], kṣā́s [[RV. iv, 28, 5]] acc. kṣā́s [[RV. x, 2, 6]] loc. kṣā́su, [RV. i, 127, 10] and [v, 64, 2]) the ground, earth, χθών [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr. vi]

kṣam : [cf. kṣmā; cf. also Gk. χαμαί, χθαμαλός; Lat. humus, homo.]