manu : mánu mfn. thinking, wise, intelligent, [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

manu : mánu m. ‘the thinking creature (?)’, man, mankind, [RV.]; [VS.]; [AitBr.]; [TĀr.] (also as opp. to evil spirits, [RV. i, 130, 8]; [viii, 98, 6] &c.; the Ṛbhus are called manor nápātaḥ, the sons of man, [iii, 60, 3])

manu : the Man par excellence or the representative man and father of the human race (regarded in the [RV.] as the first to have instituted sacrifices and religious ceremonies, and associated with the Ṛṣis Kaṇva and Atri; in the [AitBr.] described as dividing his possessions among some of his sons to the exclusion of one called Nābhā-nediṣṭha q.v.; called Sāṃvaraṇa as author of [RV. ix, 101, 10]-[12]; Āpsava as author of [ib.] [106], [7]-[9]; in [Naigh. v, 6] he is numbered among the 31 divine beings of the upper sphere, and [VS. xi, 66] as father of men even identified with Prajā-pati; but the name Manu is esp. applied to 14 successive mythical progenitors and sovereigns of the earth, described, [Mn. i, 63] and in later works as creating and supporting this world through successive Antaras or long periods of time See manv-antara below; the first is called Svāyambhuva as sprung from svayam-bhū, the Self-existent, and described in [Mn. i, 34] as a sort of secondary creator, who commenced his work by producing 10 Prajāpatis or Maharṣis, of whom the first was marīci, Light; to this Manu is ascribed the celebrated ‘code of Manu’, see manu-saṃhitā, and two ancient Sūtra works on Kalpa and Gṛhya i.e. sacrificial and domestic rites; he is also called Hairaṇyagarbha as son of Hiraṇya-garbha, and Prācetasa, as son of Pra-cetas; the next 5 Manus are called Svārociṣa, Auttami, Tāmasa, Raivata, Cākṣuṣa cf. [IW. 208 n. 1]; the 7th Manu, called vaivasvata, Sun-born, or from his piety, satya-vrata, is regarded as the progenitor of the present race of living beings, and said, like the Noah of the Old Testament, to have been preserved from a great flood by Viṣṇu or Brahmā in the form of a fish: he is also variously described as one of the 12 Ādityas, as the author of [RV. viii, 27]-[31], as the brother of Yama, who as a son of the Sun is also called Vaivasvata, as the founder and first king of Ayodhyā, and as father of Ilā who married Budha, son of the Moon, the two great solar and lunar races being thus nearly related to each other See [IW. 344]; [373]; the 8th Manu or first of the future Manus accord. to [VP. iii, 2], will be Sāvarṇi; the 9th Dakṣa-sāvarṇi; the 10th Brahma-sāvarṇi; the 11th Dharma-sāvarṇi; the 12th Rudra-sāvarṇi; the 13th Raucya or Deva-sāvarṇi; the 14th Bhautya or Indra-s°)

manu : thought (= manas), [TS.]; [Br.]

manu : a sacred text, prayer, incantation, spell (= mantra), [RāmatUp.]; [Pañcar.]; [Pratāp.]

manu : N. of an Agni, [MBh.]

manu : of a Rudra, [Pur.]

manu : of Kṛśāśva, [BhP.]

manu : of an astronomer, [Cat.]

manu : (pl.) the mental powers, [BhP.]

manu : N. of the number ‘fourteen’ (on account of the 14 Manus), [Sūryas.]

manu : mánu f. Manu's wife (= manāvī), [L.]; Trigonella Corniculata, [L.]

manu : [cf. Goth. manna; Germ. Mannus, mentioned by Tacitus as the mythical ancestor of the West-Germans, Mann, man; Angl.Sax. man; Eng. man.]

manu : mánu &c. See p. 784, col. 2.

pūrvyam : pūrvyám (ám), ind. before, formerly, at first, long since, hitherto, [RV.]

pūrvya : pūrvyá mf(A)n. (rarely pū́rvya) former, previous, ancient, old (opp. to navīyas, nū-tana &c.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [ŚvetUp.]

pūrvya : precedent, first, [RV.]; [RPrāt.]

pūrvya : next, nearest, [RV.]

pūrvya : most excellent, [ib.]; [ŚBr.] (Sch. ‘young’)

divi : m. the blue jay (= kikīdiví), [L.]

divi : diví loc. of 3. dív in comp.

dyu : cl. 2. P. dyauti ([Dhātup. xxiv, 31]; pf. dudyāva, 3. pl. dudyuvur) to go against, attack, assail, [Bhaṭṭ.]

dyu : dyú for 3. div as inflected stem and in comp. before consonants.

yava : yáva m. the first half of a month (generally in pl.; accord. to Comm. = pūrva-pakṣāḥ; also written yāva), [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [Kāṭh.]

yava : yáva mfn. (√ 1. yu) warding off, averting, [AV.]; [Yājñ.]

yava : yáva m. barley (in the earliest times, prob. any grain or corn yielding flour or meal; pl. barley-corns), [RV.] &c. &c.

yava : a barley-corn (either as a measure of length = 1/6 or 1/8 of an Aṅgula, [VarBṛS.]; or as a weight = 6 or 12 mustard seeds = 1/2 Guñjā, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.])

yava : any grain of seed or seed corn, [Bhpr.]

yava : (in palmistry) a figure or mark on the hand resembling a barley-corn (supposed to indicate good fortune), [VarBṛS.]

yava : N. of a partic. astron. Yoga (when the favourable planets are situated in the 4th and 10th mansions and the unfavourable ones in the 1st and 7th), [ib.]

yava : speed, velocity, [W.] (prob. w.r. for java); a double convex lens, [ib.]

yava : [cf. Zd. yava; Gk. ζειά; Lith. javaí.]

vṛka : vṛ́ka m. (prob. ‘the tearer’ connected with √ vraśc, cf. vṛkṇa), a wolf, [RV.] &c. &c. ([L.] also ‘a dog; a jackal; a crow; an owl; a thief; a Kṣatriya’)

vṛka : a plough, [RV. i, 117, 21]; [viii, 22, 6]

vṛka : a thunderbolt, [Naigh. ii, 20]

vṛka : the moon, [Nir. v, 20]

vṛka : the sun, [ib.] [21]

vṛka : a kind of plant (= baka), [L.]

vṛka : the resin of Pinus Longifolia, [L.]

vṛka : N. of an Asura, [BhP.]

vṛka : of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [ib.]

vṛka : of a king, [MBh.]

vṛka : of a son of Ruruka (or Bharuka), [Hariv.]; [BhP.]

vṛka : of a son of Pṛthu, [BhP.]

vṛka : of a son of Śūra, [ib.]

vṛka : of a son of Vatsaka, [ib.]

vṛka : (pl.) N. of a people and a country (belonging to Madhya-deśa), [MBh.]; [Pur.] (cf. vārkeṇya)

vṛka : [cf. Gk. λύκος; Lat. lupus; Slav. vlǔkǔ; Lith. vìlkas; Goth. wulfs; Germ. Eng. wolf]

kṛṣ : cl. 1. P. kárṣati, rarely Ā. °te (perf. cakarṣa, 2. sg. °ṣitha, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 62], [Kāś.]; fut. karkṣyati or krakṣy°; kṛṣiṣy°, [Divyāv. xvii]; karṣṭā or kraṣṭā, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 10], [Kāś.]; aor. akṛkṣat [or akārkṣīt] or akrākṣīt, [iii, 1, 44], Vārtt. 7; inf. kraṣṭum), to draw, draw to one's self, drag, pull, drag away, tear, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to lead or conduct (as an army), [MBh.]; to bend (a bow), [Ragh. v, 50]; to draw into one's power, become master of, overpower, [Mn. ii, 215]; [MBh. iv, 20]; [R.]; [Pañcat.]; to obtain, [Mn. iii, 66]; to take away anything (acc.) from any one (acc.), [Vop. v, 8]; to draw or make furrows, plough, [RV. viii, 22, 6]; [Lāṭy. v, 1, 4]; [Vait.] (Ā.), [R. iii, 4, 12]; [BhP.] (ind.p. kṛṣṭvā) : cl. 6. P. Ā. kṛṣáti, °te (p. kṛṣát), to draw or make furrows, plough, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; Ā. to obtain by ploughing, [AV. xii, 2, 16]; to travel over, [MBh. iii, 16021] : Caus. karṣayati, to draw, drag, [RV. x, 119, 11] (aor. 1. sg. acikṛṣam), [R.]; [Mṛcch.]; to draw or tear out, [MBh. iii, 2307]; to pull to and fro, cause pain, torture, torment, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; ‘to plough’, see karṣita: Intens. (pr. p. and Subj. 3. sg. cárkṛṣat; impf. 3. pl. acarkṛṣur) to plough, [RV.]; [AV.]; carīkṛṣyate or Ved. karīk°, to plough repeatedly, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 64];

kṛṣ : [cf. Lith. karszu, pleszau; Russ. česhu; Lat. verro, vello; Goth. falh.]

kṛṣ : mfn. See kaṃsa-k°.

tā : f. Lakṣmī, [L.]

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

vām : (encl.) acc. dat. gen. du. of 2nd pers. pron. (cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 20]; [24] &c.), [RV.] &c. &c. (the accented vā́m in [RV. vi, 55, 1] is thought to be = āvām nom. du. of 1st pers. pron.)

adya : See s.v.

adya : mfn. fit or proper to be eaten

adya : n. (am) ifc. (cf. annádya, havir adya) food.

adya : a-dyá ind. (Ved. adyā́) (fr. pronom. base a, this, with dya for dyu, q.v., Lat. ho-die), to-day

adya : now-a-days

adya : now.

sumati : su—matí f. good mind or disposition, benevolence, kindness, favour (acc. with √ kṛ, ‘to make any one the object of one's favour’), [RV.]; [AV.]

sumati : devotion, prayer, [ib.]

sumati : the right taste for, pleasure or delight in (loc.), [R.]

sumati : su—matí mfn. very wise or intelligent, [Kāv.]; [Pañcat.]

sumati : well versed in (gen.), [Kathās.]

sumati : su—matí m. N. of a Daitya, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]

sumati : of a Ṛṣi under Manu Sāvarṇa, [ib.]

sumati : of a Bhārgava, [MārkP.]

sumati : of an Ātreya, [Cat.]

sumati : of a son or disciple of Sūta and teacher of the Purāṇas, [VP.]

sumati : of a son of Bharata, [BhP.]

sumati : of a son of Soma-datta, [ib.]

sumati : of son of Su-pārśva, [Hariv.]

sumati : of a son of Janamejaya, [VP.]

sumati : of a son of Dṛḍha-sena, [BhP.]

sumati : of a son of Nṛga, [ib.]

sumati : of a son of Ṛteyu, [ib.]

sumati : of a son of Vidūratha, [MārkP.]

sumati : of the 5th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī or the 13th Arhat of the past Utsarpiṇī, [L.]

sumati : of various other men, [Kāv.]; [Kathās.]

sumati : (also f(I) ) N. of the wife of Sagara (mother of 60,000 sons), [R.]; [Pur.]

sumati : (also f(I) ) of a daughter of Kratu, [VP.]

sumati : (also f(I) ) of the wife of Viṣṇu-yaśas and mother of Kalkin, [KalkiP.]

śubh : (or śumbh) cl. 1. Ā. or cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xviii, 11]; [xxviii, 33]) śóbhate, śumbháti or śúmbhati (ep. also śobhati, and Ved. śúmbhate; 3. sg. śóbhe, [RV.]; pf. śuśobha, śuśubhe, [MBh.] &c.; śuśumbha Gr.; aor., aśubhat, aśobhiṣṭa, aśumbhīt, [ib.]; p. śúmbhāna, śubhāná, [RV.]; fut. śobhitā or śumbhitā Gr.; śobhiṣyati, [MBh.]; śumbhiṣyati Gr.; inf. śubhé, śobhāse, [RV.]; śobhitum Gr.), to beautify, embellish, adorn, beautify one's self. (Ā.) look beautiful or handsome, shine, be bright or splendid; (with iva or yathā, ‘to shine or look like’; with na, ‘to look bad, have a bad appearance, appear to disadvantage’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to prepare, make fit or ready, (Ā.) prepare one's self, [RV.]; [AV.]; (śúmbhate accord. to some) to flash or flit i.e. glide rapidly past or along, [RV.] (cf. śubhāná, śumbhámāna, and pra-√ śumbh); (śumbhati) wrongly for śundhati (to be connected with √ śudh, to purify), [AV. vi, 155, 3]; [xii, 2, 40] &c.; (śumbhati) to harm, injure, [Dhātup. xi, 42] (in this sense rather to be regarded as a second √ śumbh cf. √ 2. śumbh, ni-śumbh) : Pass. aor. aśobhi-tarām, [Inscr.] : Caus. śobhayati (aor. aśūśubhat ; cf. śobhita), to cause to shine, beautify, ornament, decorate, [AV.] &c. &c.; (śubháyati, °te) to ornament, decorate, (Ā.) decorate one's self, [RV.]; [TBr.]; (only pr. p. śubháyat), to fly rapidly along, [RV.] : Desid. śuśobhiṣate (accord. to Gr. also °ti, and śuśubhiṣati, °te), to wish to prepare or make ready, [Nir. viii, 10] : Intens. śośubhyate (Gr. also śośobdhi), to shine brightly or intensely, be very splendid or beautiful, [MBh.]

śubh : śúbh f. (dat. śubhé as inf.) splendour, beauty, ornament, decoration, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [TBr.]

śubh : flashing or flitting past, gliding along, rapid course or flight, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]

śubh : readiness (?), [RV.]

pati : páti m. (cf. √ pat; when uncompounded and meaning ‘husband’ instr. pátyā; dat. pátye; gen. abl. pátyur; loc. pátyau; but when meaning ‘lord, master’, and ifc. regularly inflected with exceptions; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 8]; [9]) a master, owner, possessor, lord, ruler, sovereign, [RV.] &c. &c.

pati : a husband, [ib.] (in comp. either with the stem or with the gen., e.g. duhitṛ-p° or °tuḥ-p°, [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 24]; when mfn. f. = m., e.g. -jīvat-patyā tvayā, [R. ii, 24, 8], or patikā, e.g. pramīta-patikā, [Mn. ix, 68])

pati : one of the 2 entities (with pāśupatás), [RTL. 89]

pati : a root, [L.]

pati : páti f. a female possessor, mistress, [Pāṇ. iv, 1, 33], Sch.

pati : a wife (vṛddha-p° = -patnī, the wife of an old man, [ib.] [34], Sch.)

pati : f. = gati, going, motion.

pati : [cf. Gk. πόσις, ‘husband’; Lat. potis, pos-sum for potis-sum; Lith. patìs, ‘husband’; Goth. (bruth-)faths, ‘bridegroom’]

aśvin : aśvín mfn. possessed of horses, consisting of horses, [RV.]

aśvin : mounted on horseback, [MārkP.]

aśvin : aśvín (ī́), m. a cavalier

aśvin : horse-tamer, [RV.]

aśvin : aśvín (ínā or inau), m. du. ‘the two charioteers’, N. of two divinities (who appear in the sky before the dawn in a golden carriage drawn by horses or birds; they bring treasures to men and avert misfortune and sickness; they are considered as the physicians of heaven), [RV.] &c.

aśvin : a N. of the Nakṣatra presided over by the Aśvins, [VarBṛS.]

aśvin : the number, ‘two’, [ib.]; [Sūryas.]

aśvin : (for aśvi-sutau) the two sons of the Aśvins, viz. Nakula and Sahadeva, [MBh. v, 1816]

aśvin : aśvín (í), n. (= aśva-vat n. q.v.) richness in horses, [RV. i, 53, 4.]

pra : prá ind. before

pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])

pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna

pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta

pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra

pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.

pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]

pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling

pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)

pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).

stu : cl. 2. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 34]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 95]) staúti or stavīti, stute or stuvīte (in [RV.] also stávate, 3. sg. stave [with pass. sense], 1. 3. sg. stuṣé Impv. stoṣi, p. [mostly with pass. sense] stuvāná, stávāna or stavāná, stávamāna; in [BhP.] stunvanti, in [Up.] p. stunvāna; pf. tuṣṭāva, tuṣṭuvús, tuṣṭuvé, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. astāvīt or astauṣīt, [Br.] &c.; stoṣat, stoṣāṇi, [RV.]; ástoṣṭa, [ib.] &c.; Prec. stūyāt Gr.; fut. stavitā or stotā, [Vop.]; fut. staviṣyáti, °te, [RV.]; stoṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; Cond. astoṣyat, [Bhaṭṭ.]; inf. stotum, [ib.] &c.; stavitum, [Vop.]; stótave, stavádhyai, [RV.]; ind.p. stutvā́, [AV.] &c.; -stútya, [Br.] &c.; -stūya, [MBh.] &c.), to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns (in ritual, ‘to chant’, with loc. of the text from which the Sāman comes), [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. stūyáte (aor. astāvi), to be praised or celebrated; stūyamāna, mfn. being praised, [ib.] : Caus. stāvayati or stavayati (aor. atuṣṭavat, [RV.]; °ṭuvat, [JaimBr.]), to praise, celebrate; (stāvayate), to cause to praise or celebrate, [BhP.] : Desid. tuṣṭūṣati, °te (p.p. tuṣṭūṣita), to wish to celebrate, [Śaṃk.] : Intens. toṣṭūyate, toṣṭoti Gr.

stu : . See su-ṣṭú p. 1238, col. 1.

stu : (prob. invented to serve as a root for the words below), to be clotted or conglomerated; to trickle.

stu : (= stúkā) in pṛthu-ṣṭu, q.v.