i : the third vowel of the alphabet, corresponding to i short, and pronounced as that letter in kill &c.

i : ind. an interjection of anger, calling, sorrow, distress, compassion, &c., (g. cādi, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 57], &c.)

i : base of Nominative case and Acc. sg. du. and pl. of the demonstrative pronoun idam, ‘this’ or ‘that’

i : [cf. ítara, itas, iti, íd, idā́, iyat, iva, iha: cf. also Lat. id; Goth. ita; Eng. it; Old Germ. iz; Mod. Germ. es.]

i : m. N. of Kāmadeva, [L.]

i : cl. 2. P. éti (Impv. 2. sg. ihí) and 1. P. Ā. áyati, ayate [cf. √ ay], (pf. iyāya [2. sg. iyátha, [AV. viii, 1, 10], and iyétha, [RV.]] fut. eṣyati; aor. aiṣīt; inf. etum, étave, [RV.] & [AV.], étavaí, [RV.] étos, [RV.] ityaí, [RV. i, 113, 6]; [124, 1]) to go, walk; to flow; to blow; to advance, spread, get about; to go to or towards (with acc.), come, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hit.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to go away, escape, pass, retire, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [R.]; to arise from, come from, [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to return (in this sense only fut.), [MBh.]; [R.]; (with punar) to come back again, return, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to succeed, [Mn. iii, 127]; to arrive at, reach, obtain, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Śak.]; [Hit.] &c.; to fall into, come to; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (cf. ita); to undertake anything (with acc.); to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a part. or instr., e.g. asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti, ‘the Asuras and Rakshases are being continually crushed’, [ŚBr. i, 1, 4, 14]; gavāmayaneneyuḥ, ‘they, were engaged in the [festival called] Gavāmayana’, [KātyŚr. xxv, 5, 2]); to appear, be, [KaṭhUp.] : Intens. Ā. ī́yate ([RV. i, 30, 18]; p. iyāná, [RV.]; inf. iyádhyai, [RV. vi, 20, 8]) to go quickly or repeatedly; to come, wander, run, spread, get about, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to appear, make one's appearance, [RV.]; [AV.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; to approach any one with requests (with two acc.), ask, request, [RV.]; [AV.]: Pass. ī́yate, to be asked or requested, [RV.]: Caus. āyayati, to cause to go or escape, [Vop.];

i : [cf. Gk. εἶ-μι, ἴ-μεν; Lat. e-o, ī-mus, i-ter, &c.; Lith. ei-mì, ‘I go’; Slav. i-dû, ‘I go’, i-ti, ‘to go’; Goth. i-ddja, ‘I went’.]

artham : acc. ind. See s.v. ártha.

artha : ártha m. n. [in [RV. i]-[ix] only n.; in [RV. x], six times n. and thrice m.; in later Sanskṛt only m.] aim, purpose (very often artham, arthena, arthāya, and arthe ifc. or with gen. ‘for the sake of, on account of, in behalf of, for’)

artha : cause, motive, reason, [Mn. ii, 213], &c.

artha : advantage, use, utility (generally named with kāma and dharma See tri-varga; used in wishing well to another dat. or gen. [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 73])

artha : thing, object (said of the membrum virile, [ŚBr. xiv])

artha : object of the senses, [VarBṛS.]

artha : (hence) the number ‘five’, [Sūryas.]

artha : substance, wealth, property, opulence, money

artha : (hence in astron.) N. of the second mansion, the mansion of wealth (cf. dhana), [VarBṛS.]

artha : personified as the son of Dharma and Buddhi, [BhP.]

artha : affair, concern (Ved. often acc. ártham with √ i, or gam, to go to one's business, take up one's work, [RV.] &c.)

artha : (in law) lawsuit, action

artha : having to do with (instr.), wanting, needing anything (instr.), [ŚBr.], &c.

artha : sense, meaning, notion (cf. artha-śabdau and arthāt s.v. below and vedatattvārtha-vid)

artha : manner, kind, [L.], prohibition, prevention, [L.]

artha : price (for argha, q.v.), [L.]

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

nyartha : ny-arthá n. going amiss, failure, destruction, [RV.]

paruṣa : paruṣá mf(A)n. (older f. páruṣṇī) knotty (as reed), [AV.]

paruṣa : spotted, variegated, dirty-coloured, [RV.] &c. &c.

paruṣa : hard, stiff, rugged, rough, uneven, shaggy, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

paruṣa : intertwined with creepers (as a tree), [Kathās.]

paruṣa : piercing, keen, sharp, violent, harsh, severe, unkind, [ib.] (am ind.)

paruṣa : paruṣá m. a reed, [AV.]

paruṣa : an arrow, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [Lāṭy.]

paruṣa : Grewia Asiatica or Xylocarpus Granatum, [L.]

paruṣa : N. of a demon, [Suparṇ.]

paruṣa : paruṣá n. harsh and contumelious speech, abuse, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

paruṣa : the fruit of Grewia Asiatica or Xylocarpus Granatum, [L.]

paruṣa : a species of Barleria with blue flowers, [L.]

paruṣa : See under paru.

āśu : āśú mfn. (√ 1. aś, [Uṇ. i, 1]), fast, quick, going quickly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.

āśu : (us), m. Ved. the quick one, a horse, [RV.]; [AV.]

āśu : āśú (us or u), m n. rice ripening quickly in the rainy season, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [L.]

āśu : āśú (u), n. N. of a Sāman

āśu : āśú (u), ind. quickly, quick, immediately, directly, [Suśr.]; [Megh.]; [Pañcat.] &c.

āśu : [cf. Gk. ὠκύς, ὤκιστος; Lat. acu in acupedius, ôcissimus: of the same origin may be the Lat. aquila and accipiter.]

cana : caná ind. (ca ná, [SV.]) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force; a preceding verb is accentuated [[Pāṇ. viii, 1, 57]]; in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other neg. particle, whereas in the later language another neg. is usually added, e.g. ā́paś canáprá minanti vratáṃ vāṃ, ‘not even the waters violate your ordinance’, [RV. ii, 24, 12]; nā́ha vivyāca pṛthivī́ canaínaṃ, ‘the earth even does not contain him’, [iii, 36, 4]; in class. Sanskṛt it is only used after the interrogatives ká, katará, katamá, katham, kád, kadā́, kim, kútas, kva, making them indefinite), [RV.]; [AV.] &c. also, [RV. i, 139, 2]; [vi, 26, 7]; [viii, 78, 10.]

it : ifc. going, going towards

it : cf. arthét

it : (for 2. See s.v.)

it : (in Gr.) an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots &c. (= anubandha, q.v.)

it : for the Ved. particle id, q.v.

id : íd ind. Ved. (probably the neut. form of the pronom. base i See 3. i; a particle of affirmation) even, just, only

id : indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, e.g. yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd asat, as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be, [RV. viii, 28, 4]; dípsanta íd ripávo nā́ha debhuḥ, the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt, [RV. i, 147, 3]). is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (e.g. viśva it, every one indeed; śaśvad it, constantly indeed; eka it, one only). At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (e.g. tvam it, thou indeed; yadi it, if indeed, &c.) occurs often in the Ṛg-veda and Atharva-veda, seldom in the Brāhmaṇas, and its place is taken in classical Sanskṛt by eva and other particles.

abhipitva : abhi-pitvá n. (cf. apa-pitvá), approaching, visiting, putting up (for the night at an inn), [RV.]

abhipitva : (with or without the gen. pl. áhnām) close or departure of the day, evening, [RV.]

abhipitva : abhi-pitvá See abhi-√ 2. pat.

gam : Ved. cl. 1. P. gámati ([Naigh.]; Subj. gamam, gámat [gamātas, gamātha, [AV.]], gamāma, gaman, [RV.]; Pot. gaméma, [RV.]; inf. gámadhyai, [RV. i, 154, 6]); cl. 2. P. gánti ([Naigh.]; Impv. 3. sg. gantu, [2. sg. gadhi See ā-, or gahi See adhi-, abhy-ā-, ā-, upā-], 2. pl. gántā or gantana, [RV.]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ágan [[RV.]; [AV.]], 1. pl. áganma [[RV.]; [AV.]; cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65]], 3. pl. ágman, [RV.]; Subj. [or aor. Subj. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 80], [Kāś.]] 1. pl. ganma, 3. pl. gmán, [RV.]; Pot. 2. sg. gamyās, [RV. i, 187, 7]; Prec. 3. sg. gamyā́s, [RV.]; pr. p. gmát, [x, 22, 6]) : cl. 3. P. jaganti ([Naigh. ii, 14]; Pot. jagamyām, °yāt, [RV.]; [Hir. i, 8, 4]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ajagan, 2. pl. ajaganta or °tana, [RV.]) : Ved. and Class. cl. 1. P. (also Ā. [MBh.] &c.), with substitution of gacch [= βάσκ-ω] for , gácchati (cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 77]; Subj. gacchāti, [RV. x, 16, 2]; 2. sg. gacchās [[RV. vi, 35, 3]] or gacchāsi [[AV. v, 5, 6]]; 2. pl. gacchāta, [RV. viii, 7, 30]; 3. pl. gácchān, [RV. viii, 79, 5]; impf. ágacchat; Pot. gacchet; pr. p. gácchat, [RV.] &c.; aor. agamat, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 55]; [vi, 4, 98], [Kāś.]; for Ā. with prepositions, cf. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; 2nd fut. gamiṣyati, [AV.] &c.; 1st fut. gántā [[Pāṇ. vii, 2, 58]] [RV.] &c.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā [[RV.]], 3. sg. jagāma, 2. du. jagmathur, 3. pl. jagmúr, [RV.] &c.; p. jaganvás [[RV.] &c.] or jagmivas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68] f. jagmúṣī, [RV.] &c. ; Ved. inf. gántave, gántavaí; Class. inf. gantum: Ved. ind.p. gatvāya, gatvī́; Class. ind.p. gatvā́ [[AV.] &c.], with prepositions -gamya or -gatya, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 38]) to go, move, go away, set out, come, [RV.] &c.; to go to or towards, approach (with acc. or loc. or dat. [[MBh.]; [Ragh. ii, 15]; [xii, 7]; cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 12]] or prati [[MBh.]; [R.]]), [RV.] &c.; to go or pass (as time, e.g. kāle gacchati, time going on, in the course of time), [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Megh.]; [Naiṣ.]; [Hit.]; to fall to the share of (acc.), [Mn.] &c.; to go against with hostile intentions, attack, [L.]; to decease, die, [Cāṇ.]; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (acc.), [ĀśvGṛ. iii, 6]; [Mn.] &c.; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (e.g. mitratāṃ gacchati, ‘he goes to friendship’ i.e. he becomes friendly), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; jānubhyām avanīṃ-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the knees’, kneel down, [MBh. xiii, 935]; [Pañcat. v, 1, 10/11]; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the head’, make a bow, [R. iii, 11, 6]; mánasā-√ gam, to go with the mind, observe, perceive, [RV. iii, 38, 6]; [VS.]; [Nal.]; [R.]; (without mánasā) to observe, understand, guess, [MBh. iii, 2108]; (especially Pass. gamyate, ‘to be understood or meant’), [Pāṇ.], [Kāś.] & [L.], Sch.; doṣeṇa or doṣato-√ gam, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (acc.), [MBh. i, 4322] and [7455]; [R. iv, 21, 3] : Caus. gamayati ([Pāṇ. ii, 4, 46]; Impv. 2. sg. Ved. gamayā or gāmaya [[RV. v, 5, 10]], 3. sg. gamayatāt, [AitBr. ii, 6]; perf. gamayā́ṃ cakāra, [AV.] &c.) to cause to go ([Pāṇ. viii, 1, 60], [Kāś.]) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dat. [AV.]), bring to a place (acc. [[Pāṇ. i, 4, 52]] or loc.), [RV.] &c.; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become, [TS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to impart, grant, [MBh. xiv, 179]; to send away, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.]; ‘to let go’, not care about, [Bālar. v, 10]; to excel, [Prasannar. i, 14]; to spend time, [Śak.]; [Megh.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain, [MBh. iii, 11290]; [VarBṛS.]; [L.], Sch.; to convey an idea or meaning, denote, [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 10], [Kāś.]; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (acc.) to go by means of another, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.] : Desid. jígamiṣati ([Pāṇ.], or jigāṃsate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 16]; [Siddh.]; impf. ajigāṃsat, [ŚBr. x]) to wish to go, be going, [Lāṭy.]; [MBh. xvi, 63]; to strive to obtain, [ŚBr. x]; [ChUp.]; to wish to bring (to light, prakā́śam), [TS. i] : Intens. jáṅganti ([Naigh.]), jaṅgamīti or jaṅgamyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 85], [Kāś.]), to visit, [RV. x, 41, 1] (p. gánigmat), [VS. xxiii, 7] (impf. aganīgan);

gam : [cf. βαίνω; Goth. qvam; Eng. come; Lat. venio for gvemio.]

gam : gen. abl. gmás See kṣám.

sudās : su—dā́s mfn. (prob. fr. a √ dās = dāś) worshipping the gods well (bestowing rich gifts, [Sāy.]), [RV.] (compar. -tara, [ib.])

sudās : su—dā́s m. N. of a celebrated king of the Tṛtsus (son of Divo-dāsa, at whose court both Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra appear to have acted as family priests; Sudās Paijavana is regarded as the author of [RV. x, 133]), [RV.]; [AitBr.]; [GṛŚrS.]; [Mn. vii, 41.]

indra : índra m. (for etym. as given by native authorities See [Nir. x, 8]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 3, 4]; [Uṇ. ii, 28]; according to [BRD.] fr. in = √ inv with suff. ra preceded by inserted d, meaning ‘to subdue, conquer’ ; according to [Muir, S. T. v, 119], for sindra fr. √ syand, ‘to drop’; more probably from √ ind, ‘to drop’ q.v., and connected with indu above), the god of the atmosphere and sky

indra : the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [vajra] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. &c.

indra : (he is also regent of the east quarter, and considered one of the twelve Ādityas), [Mn.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.

indra : in the Vedānta he is identified with the supreme being

indra : a prince

indra : ifc. best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects; cf. surendra, rājendra, parvatendra, &c.), [Mn.]; [Hit.]

indra : the pupil of the right eye (that of the left being called Indrāṇī or Indra's wife), [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

indra : the number fourteen, [Sūryas.]

indra : N. of a grammarian

indra : of a physician

indra : the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (see kuṭaja), [L.]

indra : a vegetable poison, [L.]

indra : the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic

indra : the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth Nakṣatra, γ Pegasi

indra : the human soul, the portion of spirit residing in the body

indra : night, [L.]

indra : one of the nine divisions of Jambu-dvīpa or the known continent, [L.]

sutuka : su—túka mf(A)n. (fr. √ tuk = tak) running swiftly, [RV.]

amitra : amítra mf(A) (fr. √ am [[Uṇ. iv, 173]] or perhaps a-mítra, not a friend [[Pāṇ. vi, 2, 116], ‘not having a friend’], but See abhyamitrīṇa, &c.) an enemy, adversary, foe, [RV.] &c.

amitra : amítra mfn. not having a friend.

randh : radh or cl. 4. P. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 84]) rádhyati (pf. rarandha, 1. pl. rarandhima or redhma Gr.; 3. pl. rāradhúḥ, [RV.]; aor. aradhat, [ib.]; Subj. randhīs Impv. randhi for randdhi, [ib.]; fut. radhitā, raddhā Gr.; radhiṣyati, ratsyati, [ib.]; inf. radhitum, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to become subject to (dat.), be subdued or overthrown, succumb, [RV.]; [AV.]; to be completed or matured, [MW.] (cf. √ rādh); to bring into subjection, subdue, [RV.]; to deliver into the hand of (dat.), [ib.]; to hurt, torment, [Bhaṭṭ.] : Caus. randháyati (Ved. also °te; aor. rīradhat, [RV.]; ararandhat Gr.), to make subject, deliver over to (dat.), [RV.]; [AV.]; to torment, afflict, [R.]; to destroy, annihilate, [BhP.]; to cook, prepare (food), [MānGṛ.] : Desid. riradhiṣati, riratsati Gr.: Intens. rāradhyate, rāraddhi Gr. (in [RV. vi, 25, 9] rārandhí for rāranddhí, and [v, 54, 13] rāranta for rārantta) to hand over to, deliver.

randh : See √ radh.

mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa mf(I)n. or mānuṣá (fr. manus) belonging to mankind, human, [RV.] &c. &c.

mānuṣa : favourable or propitious to men, humane, [RV.]; [AV.]

mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa m. (ifc. f(A). ) a man, human being (pl. the races of men, 5 in number), [RV.] &c. &c.

mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa m. N. of the signs of the zodiac Gemini, Virgo, and Libra, [VarBṛS.]

mānuṣa : mā́nuṣa n. the condition or manner or action of men, humanity, manhood, [RV.] &c. &c.

mānuṣa : N. of a place, [Cat.]

vadhrivāc : vádhri—vāc (vádhri-), mfn. speaking unmanly or useless words, idly talking, [ib.]