mā : f. a mother, [L.]

mā : measure, [L.]

mā : authority (-tva n.), [Nyāyam.]

mā : light, [L.]

mā : knowledge, [L.]

mā : binding, fettering, [L.]

mā : death, [L.]

mā : a woman's waist, [L.]

mā : mā́ ind. (causing a following ch to be changed to cch, [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 74]) not, that not, lest, would that not, [RV.] &c. &c.

mā : a particle of prohibition or negation = Gk. μή, most commonly joined with the Subjunctive i.e. the augmentless form of a past tense (esp. of the aor., e.g. mā́ no vadhīr indra, do not slay us, O Indra, [RV.]; mā bhaiṣīḥ or mā bhaiḥ, do not be afraid, [MBh.]; tapovana-vāsinām uparodho mā bhūt, let there not be any disturbance of the inhabitants of the sacred grove, [Śak.]; often also with sma, e.g. mā sma gamaḥ, do not go, [Bhag.] cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 175]; [176]; in the sense of ‘that not, lest’ also yathā mā, e.g. yathā mā vo mṛtyuḥ pari-vyatkā iti, that death may not disturb you, [PraśnaUp.]; or mā yathā, e.g. mā bhūt kālātyayo yathā, lest there be any loss of time, [R.]; mā na with aor. Subj. = Ind. without a negative, e.g. mā dviṣo na vadhīr mama, do slay my enemies, [Bhaṭṭ.] cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]; rarely with the augmentless impf. with or without sma, e.g. mainam abhibhāṣathāḥ, do not speak to him, [R.]; mā sma karot, let him not do it, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 74], Sch.; exceptionally also with the Ind. of the aor., e.g., mā kālas tvām aty-agāt, may not the season pass by thee, [MBh.]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 75], Sch.)

mā : or with the Impv. (in [RV.] only [viii, 103, 6], mā no hṛṇītām [[SV.] hṛṇītās] agníḥ, may Agni not be angry with us; but very often in later language, e.g. mā kranda do not cry, [MBh.]; gaccha vā mā vā, you can go or not go, [ib.]; ripur ayam mā jāyatām, may not this foe arise, [Śāntiś.]; also with sma, e.g. mā sma kiṃ cid vaco vada do not speak a word, [MBh.])

mā : or with the Pot. (e.g. mā yamam paśyeyam, may I not see Yama; esp. mābhujema in [RV.])

mā : or with the Prec. (only once in mā bhūyāt, may it not be, [R. [B.] ii, 75, 45])

mā : or sometimes with the fut. (= that not, lest, e.g. mā tvāṃ śapsye, lest I curse thee, [MBh.] cf. [Vop. xxv, 27])

mā : or with a participle (e.g. mā jīvanyo duḥkhadagdho jīvati, he ought not to live who lives consumed by pain, [Pañcat.]; gataḥ sa mā, he cannot have gone, [Kathās.]; maīvamprārthyam, it must not be so requested, [BhP.])

mā : sometimes for the simple negative na (e.g. katham mā bhūt, how may it not be, [Kathās.]; mā gantum arhasi, thou oughtest not to go, [R.]; mā bhūd āgataḥ, can he not i.e. surely he must have arrived, [Amar.])

mā : occasionally without a verb (e. g. mā śabdaḥ or śabdam, do not make a noise, [Hariv.]; mā nāma rakṣiṇaḥ, may it not be the watchmen, [Mṛcch.]; mā bhavantam analaḥ pavano vā, may not fire or wind harm thee, [Vām. v, 1, 14]; esp. = not so, e.g. mā prātṛda, not so, O Pr°, [ŚBr.]; in this meaning also mā mā, mā maivam, mā tāvat)

mā : in the Veda often with u (mó) = and not, nor (e.g. mā́ maghónaḥ pári khyatam mó asmā́kam ṛ́ṣṇām, do not forget the rich lords nor us the poets, [RV. v, 65, 6]; and then usually followed by ṣú = sú, e.g. mo ṣú ṇaḥ nírṛtir vadhīt, let not N° on any account destroy us, [i, 38, 6])

mā : in [ŚBr.] sma mā — mó sma = neither — nor (in a prohibitive sense).

mā : cl. 3. P. mímāti (accord. to [Dhātup. xxv, 6] Ā. mimīte, [SV.] mimeti; Pot. mimīyat, [Kāṭh.]; pf., mimāya; aor. ámīmet Subj. mīmayat; inf. mā́tavaí), to sound, bellow, roar, bleat (esp. said of cows, calves, goats &c.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.] : Intens., only pr. p. mémyat, bleating (as a goat), [RV. i, 162, 2.]

mā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 54]) māti; cl. 3. Ā. ([xxv, 6]) mímīte; cl. 4. Ā. ([xxvi, 33]) māyate (Ved. and ep. also mimāti Pot. mimīyāt Impv., mimīhi; Pot. mimet, [Br.]; pf. mamaú, mame, mamiré, [RV.]; aor. ámāsi Subj. mā́sātai, [AV.]; amāsīt Gr.; Prec. māsīṣṭa, meyāt, [ib.]; fut. mātā; māsyati, māsyate, [ib.]; inf. -mé, -maí, [RV.]; mātum, [Br.]; ind.p. mitvā́, -mā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.), to measure, mete out, mark off, [RV.] &c. &c.; to measure across = traverse, [RV.]; to measure (by any standard), compare with (instr.), [Kum.]; (māti) to correspond in measure (either with gen., ‘to be large or long enough for’, [BhP.]; or with loc., ‘to find room or be contained in’, [Inscr.]; [Kāv.]; or with na and instr., ‘to be beside one's self with’, [Vcar.]; [Kathās.]); to measure out, apportion, grant, [RV.]; to help any one (acc.) to anything (dat.), [ib.], [i, 120, 9]; to prepare, arrange, fashion, form, build, make, [RV.]; to show, display, exhibit (amimīta, ‘he displayed or developed himself’, [iii, 29, 11]), [ib.]; (in phil.) to infer, conclude; to pray (yācñā-karmaṇi), [Naigh. iii, 19] : Pass. mīyáte (aor. amāyi); to be measured &c., [RV.]; &c. Caus., māpayati, °te (aor. amīmapat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 93], Vārtt. 2 [Pat.]), to cause to be measured or built, measure, build, erect, [Up.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.: Desid. mitsati, °te, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 54]; [58] (cf. nir-√ mā) : Intens. memīyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 66.]

mā : [cf. Zd. mā; Gk. μέτρον, μετρέω; Lat. mētior, mensus, mensura; Slav. měra; Lith. mėrà.]

mā : f. See under ma, p. 771, col. 2.

riṣ : (cf. √ riś) cl. 1. 4. P. ([Dhātup. xvii, 43] and [xxvi, 120] v.l.) reṣati or ríṣyati (ep. also riṣyate; aor. rīḍhvam, [TĀr.] ariṣat Subj. riṣātha, p. rīṣat or riṣat, [RV.]; areṣīt Gr.; fut. reṣitā, reṣṭā, [ib.], reṣiṣyati, [ib.]; inf. reṣitum, or reṣṭum, [ib.]; Ved. inf. riṣé, riṣás), to be hurt or injured, receive harm, suffer wrong, perish, be lost, fail, [RV.] &c. &c.; to injure, hurt, harm, destroy, ruin, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; Caus. reṣáyati (aor. arīriṣat; Ved. forms rīriṣīṣṭa or ririṣīṣṭa, ririṣeḥ, riṣayádhyai), to hurt, injure, harm, cause to miscarry or fail, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TBr.]; [MBh.]; (Ā. rīriṣīṣṭa), to fail, meet with misfortune or disaster, [BhP.] : Desid. rírikṣati ([RV.]; ririṣiṣati or rireṣiṣati Gr.), to wish to injure or harm (cf. √ riś) : Intens. reriṣyate, rereṣṭi Gr.

riṣ : ríṣ f. injury or an injurer, [RV.] (for, -riṣé, riṣás See under √ 1. ).

ya : the 1st semivowel (corresponding to the vowels i and ī, and having the sound of the English y, in Bengal usually pronounced j).

ya : m. (in prosody) a bacchic (˘ ¯ ¯), [Piṅg.]

ya : the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension [cf. yád and Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ].

ya : m. (in some senses fr. √ 1. yā, only, [L.]) a goer or mover

ya : wind

ya : joining

ya : restraining

ya : fame

ya : a carriage (?)

ya : barley

ya : light

ya : abandoning

ca : the 20th letter of the alphabet, 1st of the 2nd (or palatal) class of consonants, having the sound of ch in church.

ca : ind. and, both, also, moreover, as well as (= τε, Lat. que, placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes; when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form (e.g. táva ca máma ca [not te ca me ca], ‘both of thee and me’), when used after verbs the first of them is accented, [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 58 f.]; it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences; in [RV.] the double occurs more frequently than the single (e.g. aháṃ ca tváṃ ca, ‘I and thou’, [viii, 62, 11]); the double may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskṛt (e.g. kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cātilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te, ‘where is the frail existence, of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows?’, [Śak. i, 10]); in later literature, however, the first is more usually omitted (e.g. ahaṃ tvaṃ ca), and when more than two things are enumerated only one is often found (e.g. tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā, ‘in glory, in fame, in beauty, and in high position’, [Nal. xii, 6]); elsewhere, when more than two things are enumerated, is placed after some and omitted after others (e.g. ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī, ‘the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brāhman [and] a river’, [Hit. i, 4, 55]); in Ved. and even in class. Sanskṛt [[Mn. iii, 20]; [ix, 322]; [Hit.]], when the double would generally be used, the second may occasionally be omitted (e.g. indraś ca soma, ‘both Indra [and thou] Soma’, [RV. vii, 104, 25]; durbhedyaś cāśusaṃdheyaḥ, ‘both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united’, [Hit. i]); with lexicographers may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed (e.g. kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ, ‘the word karaka has the meaning ‘pitcher’ and other meanings’); sometimes is = eva, even, indeed, certainly, just (e.g. su-cintitaṃ cauṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam, ‘even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name’, [Hit.]; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ, ‘as great as they [were] just so great was he’, [Ragh. xii, 45]); occasionally is disjunctive, ‘but’, ‘on the contrary’, ‘on the other hand’, ‘yet’, ‘nevertheless’ (varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ, ‘better the two first but not the last’, [Hit.] ; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ, ‘this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs’, [Śak. i, 15]); ca-ca, though — yet, [Vikr. ii, 9]; ca-na ca, though — yet not, [Pat.]; — na tu (v.l. nanu) id., [Mālav. iv, 8]; na ca — , though not — yet, [Pat.]; may be used for vā, ‘either’, ‘or’ (e.g. iha cāmutra vā, ‘either here or hereafter’, [Mn. xii, 89]; strī vā pumān vā yac cānyat sattvam, ‘either a woman or a man or any other being’, [R.]), and when a neg. particle is joined with the two may then be translated by ‘neither’, ‘nor’; occasionally one or one na is omitted (e.g. na ca paribhoktuṃ naiva śaknomi hātum, ‘I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon’, [Śak. v, 18]; na pūrvāhṇe na ca parāhṇe, ‘neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon’); ca-ca may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence (e.g. mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ, ‘no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god’, [vi, 8]); is sometimes = ced, ‘if’ (cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 30]; the verb is accented), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; [Vikr. ii, 20]; [Bhartṛ. ii, 45]; may be used as an expletive (e.g. anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca, ‘and with other sacrifices’); is often joined to an adv. like eva, api, tathā, tathaiva, &c., either with or without a neg. particle (e.g. vairiṇaṃ nopaseveta sahāyaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ, ‘one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy’, [Mn. iv, 133]); (see eva, api, &c.) For the meaning of after an interrogative See ká, kathā́, kím, kvá);

ca : [cf. τε, Lat. que, pe (in nempe &c.); Goth. uh; Zd. ca; Old Pers. cā.]

ca : mfn. pure, [L.]

ca : moving to and fro, [L.]

ca : mischievous, [L.]

ca : seedless, [L.]

ca : m. a thief, [L.]

ca : the moon, [L.]

ca : a tortoise, [L.]

ca : Śiva, [L.]

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

khan : cl. 1. P. khánati (impf. ákhanat; perf. cakhāna, 3. pl. cakhnur, [R. i]; Ā. cakhne, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 98]; pr. p. Ā. khánamāna, [RV. i, 179, 6]; [MBh. iii, 1897]; Impv. khanatāt, [AitBr.] [[Pāṇ. vii, 1, 44], [Kāś.]]; Pot. khanyāt or khāyāt, [Vop.]; Pass. khāyáte [[TS. vi]; [ŚBr. iii]] or khanyate, [MBh. xii]; [R.]; [Pañcat.]; inf. khanitum, [Pañcat.]), to dig, dig up, delve, turn up the soil, excavate, root up, [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.] &c.; to pierce (said of an arrow), [Bhartṛ.] (v.l.) : Caus. khānayati (once khan°, [R. ii, 80, 12]), to cause to dig or dig up, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [MBh.] &c.: Desid. cikhaniṣati, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 42], [Kāś.] : Intens. caṅkhanyate or cākhāyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 43]; caṅkhanti or cākhāti, [Vop.]

khan : [cf. χαίνω, χανῶ, χώννυμι; Old Germ. ginēm, ginōm; Mod. Germ. gähne; Angl.Sax. cina, cinan; Lat. cuniculus, canalis.]

dvipad : dvi—pád mfn. (or dví-, [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 197]) (m. pā́d, [RV.]) (f. pádī, [ib.], or pād, g. kumbha-pady-ādi) (n. pā́d or pād, [RV.]), two footed, bipedal, biped (m. man; n. sg. men, mankind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.

dvipad : consisting of 2 Pādas (m. a metre of that kind), [RV.]; [ŚBr.]

catuṣpad : cátuṣ—pad (cát°), mfn. (nom. sg. -pād; pl. -pādas, irreg. -padas, [BhP. v, 1, 14]; [vi, 4, 9]; loc. -pātsu, [AitBr. vi, 2, 7]; abl. -pādbhyas, [Pāṇ. iv, 1, 135]) f. (-padī) n. (nom. -pad, [RV.] 4 times, or -pād, [RV.] twice). ([Pāṇ. v, 4, 140]) quadruped, m. a quadruped, n. quadrupeds (collectively), animals, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

catuṣpad : having made 4 steps, [ĀśvGṛ. i, 7, 19]; [ŚāṅkhGṛ. i, 14, 6]

catuṣpad : divided into 4 parts, [MāṇḍUp. 2]; [MBh. v]

catuṣpad : (in prosody) consisting of 4 Pādas, [RV. i, 164, 24]; [x, 27, 10]

catuṣpad : having 4 staffs (a ladder), [MBh. xii, 8838]

catuṣpad : (a judicial procedure) consisting of 4 processes (viz. plea, defence, rejoinder, and sentence), [Yājñ. ii, 8]

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

sarvam : sárvam (am), ind. (with sarveṇa) completely, [Divyāv.]

sarva : sárva mf(A)n. (perhaps connected with sāra, q.v.; inflected as a pronoun except nom. acc. sg. n. sarvam, and serving as a model for a series of pronominals, cf. sarva-nāman) whole, entire, all, every (m. sg. ‘every one’; pl. ‘all’; n. sg. ‘everything’; sometimes strengthened by viśva [which if alone in [RV.] appears in the meaning ‘all’, ‘every’, ‘every one’] and nikhila; sarve'pi, ‘all together’; sarvaḥ ko'pi, ‘every one so ever’; gavāṃ sarvam, ‘all that comes from cows’; with a negation = ‘not any’, ‘no’, ‘none’ or ‘not every one’, ‘not everything’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sarva : of all sorts, manifold, various, different, [MBh.] &c.

sarva : (with another adjective or in comp.; cf. below) altogether, wholly, completely, in all parts, everywhere, [RV.]; [ChUp.] &c.

sarva : sárva m. (declined like a subst.) N. of Śiva, [MBh.]

sarva : of Kṛṣṇa, [Bhag.]

sarva : of a Muni, [Cat.]

sarva : pl. N. of a people, [MārkP.]

sarva : sárva n. water, [Naigh. i, 12.]

sarva : [cf. Gk. ὅλος for ὁλϝος Lat. salvus.]

astu : (3. sg. Imper.), let it be, be it so

astu : there must be or should be (implying an order).

astu : existence, reality (= asti-bhāva), [L.]

as : cl. 2. P. ásti (2. sg. ási, 1. sg. ásmi; pl. smási or smás, sthá, sánti; (rarely Ā., e.g. 1. pl. smahe, [MBh. xiii, 13]); Subj. ásat; Imper. astu, 2. sg. edhi (fr. as-dhi cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 119]); Pot. syā́t; impf. ā́sīt, rarely ās [only in [RV. x]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 97]] ; perf. 1. and 3. sg., ā́sa, 2. sg. ā́sitha, 3. pl. āsúḥ; p. m. sát f. satī́) to be, live, exist, be present; to take place, happen; to abide, dwell, stay; to belong to (gen. or dat.); to fall to the share of, happen to any one (gen.); to be equal to (dat.), [ŚBr. xiv]; [Mn. xi, 85]; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dat.); to become, [BṛĀrUp.] &c., (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 51]-[55]); to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adj., but also with adv. [e.g. tūṣṇīm āsīt, [MBh. iii, 4041]], and often with part., [e.g. perf. Pass. p. prasthitāḥ sma, [N.]; fut. p.p. hantavyo 'smi, [N.]; fut. p. especially with Pot., and only in [ŚBr.], as yádi dāsyán-t-syā́t, ‘if he should intend to give’]; the pf. āsa helps to form the periphrastic perf., and asmi &c. the fut.);

as : [cf. Gk. ἐσ-τί; Lat. es-t; Goth. is-t; Lith. es-ti.]

as : cl. 4. P. ásyati (p. ásyat; impf. ā́syat, [AV.] [cf. parās and vy-as]; fut. p. asiṣyát; aor. āsthat [[Nir. ii, 2]; [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 17]; cf. vy-as]; perf. P. āsa [cf. parās] Ā. āse [cf. vy-as]; Ved. Inf. ástave, [VS.]) to throw, cast, shoot at (loc. dat., or gen.), [RV.] &c.; to drive or frighten away, [Nalod. iv, 36]; See also 1. astá s.v.

as : asati, °te = √ aṣ, q.v.

anātura : an-āturá mfn. [once án-ātura, [AV. xii, 2, 49]] free from suffering or weariness, [RV.] &c.

anātura : well.