ya : the 1st semivowel (corresponding to the vowels i and ī, and having the sound of the English y, in Bengal usually pronounced j).

ya : m. (in prosody) a bacchic (˘ ¯ ¯), [Piṅg.]

ya : the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension [cf. yád and Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ].

ya : m. (in some senses fr. √ 1. yā, only, [L.]) a goer or mover

ya : wind

ya : joining

ya : restraining

ya : fame

ya : a carriage (?)

ya : barley

ya : light

ya : abandoning

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

indra : índra m. (for etym. as given by native authorities See [Nir. x, 8]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 3, 4]; [Uṇ. ii, 28]; according to [BRD.] fr. in = √ inv with suff. ra preceded by inserted d, meaning ‘to subdue, conquer’ ; according to [Muir, S. T. v, 119], for sindra fr. √ syand, ‘to drop’; more probably from √ ind, ‘to drop’ q.v., and connected with indu above), the god of the atmosphere and sky

indra : the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [vajra] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. &c.

indra : (he is also regent of the east quarter, and considered one of the twelve Ādityas), [Mn.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.

indra : in the Vedānta he is identified with the supreme being

indra : a prince

indra : ifc. best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects; cf. surendra, rājendra, parvatendra, &c.), [Mn.]; [Hit.]

indra : the pupil of the right eye (that of the left being called Indrāṇī or Indra's wife), [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

indra : the number fourteen, [Sūryas.]

indra : N. of a grammarian

indra : of a physician

indra : the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (see kuṭaja), [L.]

indra : a vegetable poison, [L.]

indra : the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic

indra : the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth Nakṣatra, γ Pegasi

indra : the human soul, the portion of spirit residing in the body

indra : night, [L.]

indra : one of the nine divisions of Jambu-dvīpa or the known continent, [L.]

abhitas : abhí-tas ind. near to, towards, [MBh.] &c.

abhitas : near, in the proximity or presence of (gen.), [Bhag.] &c.

abhitas : (with acc.) on both sides, [ŚBr.] &c.

abhitas : (with acc.) before and after, [ĀśvŚr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Gaut.]

abhitas : (with acc.) on all sides, everywhere, about, round

abhitas : entirely, [MBh.]

abhitas : quickly, [L.]

abhitas : abhí-tas ind. See abhí.

jana : jána mf(I)n. ‘generating’, see puraṃ-

jana : jána m. (g. vṛṣādi) creature, living being, man, person, race (páñca jánās, ‘the five races’ = p° kṛṣṭáyas, [RV. iii], [viii ff.]; [MBh. iii, 14160]), people, subjects (the sg. used collectively, e.g. daívya or divyā́ j°, ‘divine race’, the gods collectively, [RV.]; mahat j°, many people, [R. vi, 101, 2]; often ifc. denoting one person or a number of persons collectively, e.g. preṣya-, bandhu-, sakhī- &c., qq.vv. ; with names of peoples, [VarBṛS. iv, 22] and [v, 74]; ayaṃ janaḥ, ‘this person, these persons’, I, we, [MBh. viii, 709]; [Hariv. 7110]; [R. ii, 41, 2]; [Śak.] &c.; eṣa j°, id., [Kāvyād. ii, 75]), [RV.] &c.

jana : the person nearest to the speaker (also with ayam or asau, ‘this my lover’, [Kāvyād. ii, 271]; [Ratnāv. i, 24/25]), [Nal. x, 10]; [Śak.]; [Mālav.]

jana : a common person, one of the people, [Kir. ii, 42] and [47]

jana : the world beyond the Mahar-loka, [BhP. iii, 11, 29]; [SkandaP.]

jana : janá (°ná), m. (g. aśvādi) N. of a man (with the patr. Śārkarākṣya), [ŚBr. x]; [ChUp.]

vṛkāyu : vṛkāyú mfn. wolfish, rapacious, murderous, [RV.]

diś : cl. 3. P. dídeṣṭi (Imper. dídeṣṭu, [RV.]; cl. 6. diśáti, °te [later the only Pres. stem]; pf. didéśa, didiśé; fut. dekṣyati, °te [deṣṭā, [Siddh.]]; aor. adikṣat, [ŚBr.] &c.; adikṣi, ádiṣṭa, [RV.]; inf. deṣṭum, [MBh.] etc.; díśe, [RV.]) to point out, show, exhibit, [RV. viii, 82, 15]; to produce, bring forward (as a witness in a court of justice), [Mn. viii]; to promote, effect, accomplish, [Kir., i, 18]; to assign, grant, bestow upon (dat. [RV. ii, 41, 17]; [AV. xiv, 2, 13]; gen. [MBh. iii, 14278]; [xiii, 1843]; loc. [R. i, 2, 28]); to pay (tribute), [Hariv. 16061]; to order, command, bid (inf.), [Kir. v, 28] : Pass. diśyate, [MBh.] &c.: Caus. deśayati, °te; aor. adīdiśat, to show, point out, assign, [MBh.]; [R.]; to direct, order, command, [ib.]; teach, communicate, tell, inform, confess, [Buddh.] : Desid. didikṣati, °te, to wish to show &c.: Intens. dédiṣṭe, 3. pl. °śate, (p. f. pl. °śatīs) to show, exhibit, manifest, [RV.]; to order, command, [ib.] : Pass. dediśyate, to show or approve one's self, [AV.]; [VS.]

diś : [cf. Z. dis; Gk. δείκνυμι; Lat. dīco, in-dĭcare &c.; Goth. teihan; O. E. téon (fr. tíhan).]

diś : f. quarter or region pointed at, direction, cardinal point, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] &c. (four in number, viz. prācī, east; dakṣiṇā, south; pratīcī, west; and udīcī, north, [AV. xv, 2, 1]; [ĀśvGṛ. iv, 8] &c.; Sometimes a 5th, dhruvā, [AV. iii, 9, 15]; [ŚBr. ix, 4, 3, 10]; and a 6th, ūrdhvā, [AV. iii, 27, 1]; [ŚBr. xiv, 6, 11, 5]; and a 7th, vy-adhvā, [AV. iv, 40, l]; [ŚBr. ix, 5, 2, 8]; but oftener 8 are given i.e. the 4 cardinal and the 4 intermediate quarters, S.E., S.W., N.W., and N.E., [Mn. i, 13] [cf. upa-]; and even a 9th, and 10th, tiryak or adhas and ūrdhvam, [ŚBr. vi, 2, 2, 34]; [MBh. i, 729]; diśām pati [cf. dik-pati below] = Soma, [RV. ix, 113, 2], or = Rudra, [VS. xvi, 17])

diś : quarter, region, direction, place, part (pl., rarely sg. the whole world, e.g. diśi diśi, in all directions, everywhere, [Bhartṛ. i, 86]; digbhyas, from every quarter, [BhP. i, 15, 8] ; diśo diśas, hither and thither, [Pañc. ii, 116/117]; diśo'valokya, looking into the quarter of the sky i.e. into the air, [Ratn. iv, 4/5] díśo 'ntāt, from the extremities of the world, [ib.], Introd. 6)

diś : country, esp. foreign country, abroad (cf. dig-āgata and -lābha, below)

diś : space (beside kāla), [Kap. ii, 12]

diś : the numeral 10 (cf. above), [Śrutab.]; [Sūryas.]

diś : a hint, reference, instance, example, [Suśr.]; [Sāh.], Sch.; precept, order, manner, [RV.]

diś : [cf. δίκη O. H. G. zeiga (see also diśā)];

diś : mark of a bite, [L.]

diś : N. of a river, [MBh. vi, 327.]

diś : a vulgar form for dṛś, to see, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 1], Vārtt. 13, [Pat.]

adhaspadam : adhas-pa°dám ind. under foot.

adhaspada : adhas-padá mfn. Ved. placed under the feet, under foot

adhaspada : adhas-padá (ám) n. the place under the feet

tam : cl. 4. tā́myati ([Pāṇ. vii, 3, 74]; rarely Ā. [R. ii, 63, 46]; [Gīt. v, 16]; pf. tatāma, [ŚBr. iv]; aor. Pass. atami, [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 34], [Kāś.]; Ved. inf. támitos, with ā́ preceding, ‘till exhaustion’, [TBr. i, 4, 4, 2]; [TāṇḍyaBr. xii]; [Lāṭy.]; [Āp.]; pf. Pass. p. -tāntá, q.v.) to gasp for breath (as one suffocating), choke, be suffocated, faint away, be exhausted, perish, be distressed or disturbed or perplexed, [RV. ii, 30, 7] (ná mā tamat [aor. subj.] ‘may I not be exhausted’), [Kāṭh.]; [TBr.] &c.; to stop (as breath), become immovable or stiff, [Suśr.]; [Mālatīm.]; [Amar.]; [Rājat. v, 344]; to desire (cf. 2. °ma, °mata), [Dhātup. xxvi, 93] : Caus. tamáyati (aor. Pass. atāmi, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 93], [Kāś.]) to suffocate, deprive of breath, [ŚBr. iii, 3, 2, 19] and [8, 1, 15]; [KātyŚr. vi, 5, 18]; cf. á-tameru.

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

īm : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), Ved. a particle of affirmation and restriction (generally after short words at the beginning of a period, or after the relative pronouns, the conjunction yad, prepositions and particles such as āt, uta, atha, &c.) has also the sense ‘now’ (= idānīm), and is by, [Sāy.] sometimes considered as an acc. case for enam, [RV.]; [VS.]

kṛ : Ved. I) cl. 2. P. 2. sg. kárṣi du. kṛthás pl. kṛthá; Ā. 2. sg. kṛṣé; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ákar, 3. sg. rarely ákat ([ŚBr. iii], [xi]) ; 3. du. ákartām; pl. ákarma, ákarta (also, [BhP. ix]), ákran (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iv, 2, 80], [Kāś.]); Ā. ákri ([RV. x, 159, 4] and [174, 4]), ákṛthās ([RV. v, 30, 8]), ákṛta ([RV.]); akrātām ([ŚāṅkhŚr.]), ákrata ([RV.]; [AV.]) : Impv. kṛdhí (also, [MBh. i, 5141] and [BhP. viii]), kṛtám, kṛtá; Ā. kṛṣvá, kṛdhvám; Subj. 2. and 3. sg. kar pl. kárma, kárta and kartana, kran; Ā. 3. sg. kṛta ([RV. ix, 69, 5]), 3. pl. kránta ([RV. i, 141, 3]) : Pot. kriyāma ([RV. x, 32, 9]); pr. p. P. (nom. pl.) krántas Ā. krāṇá. II) cl. 1. P. kárasi, kárati, kárathas, káratas, káranti; Ā. kárase, kárate, kárāmahe: impf. ákaram, ákaras, ákarat (aor., according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 59]) : Impv. kára, káratam, káratām: Subj. káram, kárāṇi, káras, kárat, kárāma, káran; Ā. karāmahai; pr. p. f. kárantī ([Naigh.]) III) cl. 5. P. kṛṇómi, °ṇóṣi, °ṇóti, kṛṇuthás, kṛṇmás and kṛṇmasi, kṛṇuthá, kṛṇvánti; Ā. kṛṇvé, kṛṇuṣé, kṛṇuté, 3. du. kṛṇvaíte ([RV. vi, 25, 4]); pl. kṛṇmáhe, kṛṇváte: impf. ákṛṇos, ákṛṇot, ákṛṇutam, ákṛṇuta and °ṇotana ([RV. i, 110, 8]), ákṛṇvan; Ā. 3. sg. ákṛṇuta pl. ákṛṇudhvam, ákṛṇvata: Impv. kṛṇú or kṛṇuhí or kṛṇutā́t, kṛṇótu, kṛṇutám, kṛṇutā́m, 2. pl. kṛṇutá or kṛṇóta or kṛṇótana, 3. pl. kṛṇvántu; Ā. kṛṇuṣvá, kṛṇutā́m, kṛṇvā́thām, kṛṇudhvám: Subj. kṛṇávas, °ṇávat or °ṇávāt, kṛṇávāva, °ṇávāma, °ṇávātha, °ṇávatha, °ṇávan; Ā. kṛṇávai (once °ṇavā, [RV. x, 95, 2]), kṛṇavase (also, [ŚvetUp. ii, 7] v.l. °ṇvase), kṛṇavate, kṛṇávāvahai, kṛṇávāmahai, 3. pl. kṛṇávanta ([RV.]) or kṛṇavante or kṛṇvata ([RV.]) : Pot. Ā. kṛṇvītá; pr. p. P. kṛṇvát (f. °vatī́) Ā. kṛṇvāṇá. IV) cl. 8. (this is the usual formation in the Brāhmaṇas; Sūtras, and in classical Sanskṛt) P. karómi (ep. kurmi, [MBh. iii, 10943]; [R. ii, 12, 33]); kurvás, kuruthás, kurutás, kurmás [kulmas in an interpolation after, [RV. x, 128]], kuruthá, kurvánti; Ā. kurvé, &c., 3. pl. kurváte ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 108]-[110]) : impf. akaravam, akaros, akarot, akurva, &c.; Ā. 3. sg. akuruta pl. akurvata: Impv. kuru, karotu (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt, 3. sg. also, [BhP. vi, 4, 34]), kuruta or kurutana ([Nir. iv, 7]); Ā. kuruṣva, kurudhvam, kurvátām: Subj. karavāṇi, karavas, °vāt, °vāva or °vāvas ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 98], [Kāś.]), °vāma or °vāmas ([ib.]), °vātha, °van; Ā. karavai, kuruthās, karavāvahai ([TUp.]; °he, [MBh. iii, 10762]), karavaithe, °vaite ([Pāṇ. iii, 4, 95], [Kāś.]), °vāmahai (°he, [MBh.]; [R. i, 18, 12]) : Pot. P. kuryām Ā. kurvīya ([Pāṇ. vi, 4, 109] and [110]); pr. p. P. kurvát (f. °vatī́); Ā. kurvāṇá: perf. P. cakā́ra, cakártha, cakṛvá, cakṛmá, cakrá ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 13]); Ā. cakré, cakriré; p. cakṛvas (acc. cakrúṣam, [RV. x, 137, 1]); Ā. cakrāṇa ([Vop.]) : 2nd fut. kariṣyáti; Subj. 2. sg. kariṣyā́s ([RV. iv, 30, 23]); 1st fut. kártā: Prec. kriyāsam: aor. P. Ved. cakaram ([RV. iv, 42, 6]), acakrat ([RV. iv, 18, 12]), ácakriran ([RV. viii, 6, 20]); Ā. 1. sg. kṛske ([RV. x, 49, 7]); Class. akārṣīt ([Pāṇ. vii, 2, 1], [Kāś.]; once akāraṣīt, [BhP. i, 10, 1]); Pass. aor. reflex. akāri and akṛta ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 62], [Kāś.]) : Inf. kártum, Ved. kártave, kártavaí, kártos (see ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtvā́, Ved. kṛtvī́ [[RV.]] and kṛtvā́ya [[TS. iv], [v]]; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake, [RV.] &c.; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (gen. or loc.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to execute, carry out (as an order or command), [ib.]; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build, [ib.]; to form or construct one thing out of another (abl. or instr.), [R. i, 2, 44]; [Hit.] &c.; to employ, use, make use of (instr.), [ŚvetUp.]; [Mn. x, 91]; [MBh.] &c.; to compose, describe, [R. i]; to cultivate, [Yājñ. ii, 158] (cf. [Mn. x, 114]); to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (e.g. varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ, ‘they spent ten years’, [MBh. xv, 6]; kṣaṇaṃ kuru, ‘wait a moment’, [MBh.]; cf. kṛtakṣaṇa); to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (acc. or loc. or instr., e.g. ardháṃ-√ kṛ, to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in (gen.; see 2. ardhá); haste or pāṇau-√ kṛ, to take by the hand, marry, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 77]; hṛdayena-√ kṛ, to place in one's heart, love, [Mṛcch.]; hṛdi-√ kṛ, to take to heart, mind, think over, consider, [Rājat. v, 313]; manasi-√ kṛ id., [R. ii, 64, 8]; [Hcar.]; to determine, purpose [ind.p. °si-kṛtvā or °si-kṛtya] [Pāṇ. i, 4, 75]; vaśe-√ kṛ, to place in subjection, become master of [Mn. ii, 100]); to direct the thoughts, mind, &c. (mánas [[RV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.] or buddhim [[Nal. xxvi, 10]] or matim [[MBh.]; [R.]] or bhāvam [[ib.]], &c.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (loc. dat. inf., or a sentence with iti, e.g. mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ, do not turn your mind to grief, [Nal. xiv, 22] ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre, he resolved upon going, [R. i, 9, 55]; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre, he resolved to create a gourd, [MBh. iii, 8844]; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra, he determined to see him, [MBh. iii, 12335]); to think of (acc.), [R. i, 21, 14]; to make, render (with two acc., e.g. ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata, they made the sun their goal, [AitBr. iv, 7]), [RV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with gen. or loc.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; Ā. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume, [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; [Mn. vii, 10] &c.; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dat.), [RV.]; [VS.]; to make liable to (dat.), [RV. iii, 41, 6]; [ŚBr. iv]; to injure, violate (e.g. kanyāṃ-√ kṛ, to violate a maiden), [Mn. viii, 367] and [369]; to appoint, institute, [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; to give an order, commission, [Mn.]; [R. ii, 2, 8]; to cause to get rid of, free from (abl. or -tas), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 49], [Kāś.]; to begin (e.g. cakre śobhayitum purīm, they began to adorn the city), [R. ii, 6, 10]; to proceed, act, put in practice, [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c.; to worship, sacrifice, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn. iii, 210]; to make a sound (svaram or śabdam, [MBh. iii, 11718]; [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; [Hit.]), utter, pronounce (often ifc. with the sounds phaṭ, phut, bhāṇ, váṣaṭ, svadhā́, svā́hā, hiṃ), pronounce any formula ([Mn. ii, 74] and [xi, 33]); (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā) to divide, separate or break up into parts (e.g. dvidhā-√ kṛ, to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā or dvidhā-kṛtya or -kāram, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 62]; sahasradhā-√ kṛ, to break into a thousand pieces); (with adverbs ending in vat) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (e.g. rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā, valuing the kingdom like a straw, [Vet.]); (with adverbs ending in sāt) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (see ātma-sāt, bhasma-sāt), [Pāṇ. v, 4, 52 ff.] The above senses of √ may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-√ kṛ, to contract friendship with; pūjāṃ-√ kṛ, to honour; rājyaṃ-√ kṛ, to reign; snehaṃ-√ kṛ, to show affection; ājñāṃ or nideśaṃ or śāsanaṃ or kāmaṃ or yācanāṃ or vacaḥ or vacanaṃ or vākyaṃ-√ kṛ, to perform any one's command or wish or request &c.; dharmaṃ-√ kṛ, to do one's duty, [Mn. vii, 136]; nakhāni-√ kṛ, ‘to clean one's nails’, see kṛta-nakha; udakaṃ [[Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [R.]; [Daś.]] or salilaṃ [[R. i, 44, 49]] √ , to offer a libation of water to the dead; to perform ablutions; astrāṇi-√ kṛ, to practise the use of weapons, [MBh. iii, 11824]; darduraṃ-√ kṛ, to breathe the flute, [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34]; daṇḍaṃ-√ kṛ, to inflict punishment &c., [Vet.]; kālaṃ-√ kṛ, to bring one's time to an end i.e. to die; ciraṃ-√ kṛ, to be long in doing anything, delay; manasā (for °si See above) √ , to place in one's mind, think of, meditate, [MBh.]; śirasā-√ kṛ, to place on the head; mūrdhnā-√ kṛ, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in Veda ([AV. xviii, 2, 27]), but commonly in the Brāhmaṇas, Sūtras, and especially in classical Sanskṛt the perf. forms cakāra and cakre auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives, e.g. āsāṃ cakre, ‘he sat down’; gamayā́ṃ cakāra, ‘he caused to go’ [see, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 40]; in Veda some other forms of √ are used in a similar way, viz. pr. karoti, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; impf. akar, [MaitrS.] & [Kāṭh.]; 3. pl. akran, [MaitrS.] & [TBr.]; Prec. kriyāt, [MaitrS.] (see [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 42]); according to [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 41], also karotu with √ vid]. Caus. kārayati, °te, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double acc., instr. and acc. [see [Pāṇ. i, 4, 53]], e.g. sabhāṃ kāritavān, he caused an assembly to be made, [Hit.]; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya, cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam, he ought to cause the Vaiśya to engage in trade, [Mn. viii, 410]; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā, I shall not be able to have anything done by thee, [MBh. ii, 6]); to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate, [Lāṭy.]; [Yājñ. ii, 158]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, &c. (e.g. taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat, he had the picture placed on the wall in his house, [Kathās. v, 30]), [Mn. viii, 251]. Sometimes the Caus. of √ is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (e.g. padaṃ kārayati, he pronounces a word, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 71], [Kāś.] ; mithyā k°, he pronounces wrongly, [ib.]; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya, treat or deal with Kaikeyī as the king does, [R. ii, 58, 16]) : Desid. cíkīrṣati (aor. 2. sg. acikīrṣīs, [ŚBr. iii]), ep. also °te, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after, [AV. xii, 4, 19]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.] &c.; to wish to sacrifice or worship, [AV. v, 8, 3] : Intens. 3. pl. karikrati (pr. p. kárikrat See [Naigh. ii, 1] and [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 65]), to do repeatedly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; Class. carkarti or carikarti or carīkarti [[Pāṇ. vii, 4, 92], [Kāś.]], also carkarīti or carikarīti or carīkarīti or cekrīyate [ib., Sch.; [Vop.]];

kṛ : [cf. Hib. caraim, ‘I perform, execute’; ceard, ‘an art, trade, business, function’; sucridh, ‘easy’; Old Germ. karawan, ‘to prepare’; Mod. Germ. gar, ‘prepared (as food)’; Lat. creo, ceremonia; κραίνω, κρόνος.]

kṛ : cl. 3. P. p. cakrát (Pot. 2. sg. cakriyās; aor. 1. sg. akārṣam [[AV. vii, 7, 1]] or akāriṣam [[RV. iv, 39, 6]]), to make mention of, praise, speak highly of (gen.), [RV.]; [AV.] : Intens. (1. sg. carkarmi, 1. pl. carkirāma, 3. pl. carkiran; Impv. 2. sg. carkṛtā́t and carkṛdhi; aor. 3. sg. Ā. cárkṛṣe) id., [RV.]; [AV.] (cf. kārú, kīrí, kīrtí.)

kṛ : to injure, &c. See √ 2. kṝ.

kṛ : 2. kṝ (or v.l. ) cl. 5. 9.P. Ā. kṛṇoti, °ṇute, °ṇāti, °ṇīte, to hurt, injure, kill, [Dhātup.]; [Vop. xvi, 2]; kṛṇváti, [Naigh. ii, 19.]

vibādha : vi-bādhá m. an expeller, remover, [RV. x, 133, 4] ([AV.] ví-b°)

vibādha : expulsion, removal (in °dhá-vat mfn. expelling, removing), [TS.]; [Kāṭh.]

asi : así m. (√ 2. as), a sword, scimitar, knife (used for killing animals), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

asi : (also) a shark, alligator, [L.]

asi : (is), f. N. of a river (near Benares), [VāmP.] (cf. asī);

asi : [Lat. ensi-s.]

as : cl. 2. P. ásti (2. sg. ási, 1. sg. ásmi; pl. smási or smás, sthá, sánti; (rarely Ā., e.g. 1. pl. smahe, [MBh. xiii, 13]); Subj. ásat; Imper. astu, 2. sg. edhi (fr. as-dhi cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 119]); Pot. syā́t; impf. ā́sīt, rarely ās [only in [RV. x]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 97]] ; perf. 1. and 3. sg., ā́sa, 2. sg. ā́sitha, 3. pl. āsúḥ; p. m. sát f. satī́) to be, live, exist, be present; to take place, happen; to abide, dwell, stay; to belong to (gen. or dat.); to fall to the share of, happen to any one (gen.); to be equal to (dat.), [ŚBr. xiv]; [Mn. xi, 85]; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dat.); to become, [BṛĀrUp.] &c., (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 51]-[55]); to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adj., but also with adv. [e.g. tūṣṇīm āsīt, [MBh. iii, 4041]], and often with part., [e.g. perf. Pass. p. prasthitāḥ sma, [N.]; fut. p.p. hantavyo 'smi, [N.]; fut. p. especially with Pot., and only in [ŚBr.], as yádi dāsyán-t-syā́t, ‘if he should intend to give’]; the pf. āsa helps to form the periphrastic perf., and asmi &c. the fut.);

as : [cf. Gk. ἐσ-τί; Lat. es-t; Goth. is-t; Lith. es-ti.]

as : cl. 4. P. ásyati (p. ásyat; impf. ā́syat, [AV.] [cf. parās and vy-as]; fut. p. asiṣyát; aor. āsthat [[Nir. ii, 2]; [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 17]; cf. vy-as]; perf. P. āsa [cf. parās] Ā. āse [cf. vy-as]; Ved. Inf. ástave, [VS.]) to throw, cast, shoot at (loc. dat., or gen.), [RV.] &c.; to drive or frighten away, [Nalod. iv, 36]; See also 1. astá s.v.

as : asati, °te = √ aṣ, q.v.

sāsahi : sāsahí mfn. (fr. Intens.) conquering, victorious, [ib.]

sāsahi : (ifc.) able to bear, [Naiṣ.]

sāsahi : , sāsahvas. See p. 1193.

nabh : cl. 1. Ā. nábhate, to burst, be torn or rent asunder, [RV. viii, 39, 1]; [x, 133, 1]; impf. P. nábhas, to break or destroy (?), [i, 174, 8] (cf. [Dhātup. xviii, 13]; [Naigh. ii, 19]); cl. 4. 9. P. nabhyati, nabhnāti ([Dhātup. xxvi, 130], [xxxi, 48]), to hurt, injure (pf. Ā. nebhe, [Bhaṭṭ.]) : Caus. nabhayati, to cause to burst, tear open, [AitBr.]

nabh : f. or m. injury ([Sāy.]) or injurer, [RV. i, 174, 8] (only acc. pl. nábhas; but cf. 1. above).

anyaka : anyaká mfn. another, other, [RV.]

adhi : m. (better ādhi, q.v.), anxiety

adhi : f. a woman in her courses (= avi, q.v.), [L.]

adhi : ádhi ind., as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides. As a separable adverb or preposition

adhi : (with abl.) Ved. over

adhi : from above, from

adhi : from the presence of

adhi : after, [AitUp.]

adhi : for

adhi : instead of [RV. i, 140, 11], (with loc.) Ved. over

adhi : on

adhi : at

adhi : in comparison with

adhi : (with acc.) over, upon, concerning.