ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

oṣadhī : óṣadhī f. (only Ved. and not in nom. c. [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 132]; but occasional exceptions are found) = óṣa-dhi above.

soma : sóma m. (fr. √ 3. su) juice, extract, (esp.) the juice of the Soma plant, (also) the Soma plant itself (said to be the climbing plant Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida, the stalks [aṃśu] of which were pressed between stones [adri] by the priests, then sprinkled with water, and purified in a strainer [pavitra]; whence the acid juice trinkled into jars [kalaśa] or larger vessels [droṇa]; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour &c., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods [in this respect corresponding with the ritual of the Iranian Avesta] or was drunk by the Brāhmans, by both of whom its exhilarating effect was supposed to be prized; it was collected by moonlight on certain mountains [in [RV. x, 34, 1], the mountain Mūja-vat is mentioned]; it is sometimes described as having been brought from the sky by a falcon [śyena] and guarded by the Gandharvas; it is personified as one of the most important of Vedic gods, to whose praise all the 114 hymns of the 9th book of the [RV.] besides 6 in other books and the whole, [SV.] are dedicated; in post-Vedic mythology and even in a few of the latest hymns of the [RV.] [although not in the whole of the 9th book] as well as sometimes in the [AV.] and in the [Br.], Soma is identified with the moon [as the receptacle of the other beverage of the gods called Amṛta, or as the lord of plants, cf. indu, oṣadhi-pati] and with the god of the moon, as well as with Viṣṇu, Śiva, Yama, and Kubera; he is called rājan, and appears among the 8 Vasus and the 8 Loka-pālas [[Mn. v, 96]], and is the reputed author of [RV. x, 124, 1], [5]-[9], of a law-book &c.; cf. below), [RV.] &c. &c.

soma : the moon or moon-god (see above)

soma : a Soma sacrifice, [AitĀr.]

soma : a day destined for extracting the Soma-juice, [ĀśvŚr.]

soma : Monday (= soma-vāra), [Inscr.]

soma : nectar, [L.]

soma : camphor, [L.]

soma : air, wind, [L.]

soma : water, [L.]

soma : a drug of supposed magical properties, [W.]

soma : a partic. mountain or mountainous range (accord. to some the mountains of the moon), [ib.]

soma : a partic. class of Pitṛs (prob. for soma-pā), [ib.]

soma : N. of various authors (also with paṇḍita, bhaṭṭa, śarman &c.; cf. above), [Cat.]

soma : = somacandra, or somendu, [HPariś.]

soma : N. of a monkey-chief, [L.]

soma : sóma (am), n. rice-water, rice-gruel, [L.]

soma : heaven, sky, ether, [L.]

soma : sóma mfn. relating to Soma (prob. w.r. for sauma), [Kāṭh.]

soma : mfn. (prob.) together with Umā, [IndSt.]

viśva : víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one

viśva : whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c.

viśva : all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.

viśva : víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.]

viśva : N. of a class of gods, cf. below

viśva : N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.]

viśva : of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.]

viśva : of a king, [MBh.]

viśva : of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa

viśva : pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.;

viśva : víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c.

viśva : dry ginger, [Suśr.]

viśva : myrrh, [L.]

viśva : a mystical N. of the sound o, [Up.]

ap : áp n. (gen. apás), work (according to [NBD.]), [RV. i, 151, 4.]

ap : áp f. (in Ved. used in sing. and pl., but in the classical language only in pl., ā́pas) water

ap : air, the intermediate region, [Naigh.]

ap : the star δ Virginis

ap : the Waters considered as divinities. ifc. may become apa or īpa, ūpa after i- and u- stems respectively.

ap : [cf. Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva, ‘a river’; Old Germ. aha, and affa at the end of compounds; Lith. uppê, ‘a river’; perhaps Lat. amnis, ‘a river’, for apnis cf. also ἀϕρός]

jan : cl. 1. [[RV.]; [AV.]] and cl. 10. jánati, °te (Subj. janat, [RV.]; °nāt, [AV. vi, 81, 3]; Ā. °nata, [RV. x, 123, 7]; impf. ájanat, [RV.]; p. jánat), janáyati, °te (in later language only P. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 86]; Subj. °náyat; impf. ájanayat; aor. ájījanat; p. janáyat; inf. jánayitavai, [ŚBr. xiv]), twice cl. 3. (Subj. jajánat, [MaitrS. i, 3, 20] and [9, 1] [[Kāṭh. ix, 8]]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 192] and [vii, 4, 78], [Kāś.]; pr. jajanti, [Dhātup. xxv, 24]; aor. Ā. jániṣṭa; Ā. ájani, [RV. ii, 34, 2]; perf. jajā́na; 3. pl. jajñúr, [RV.] &c.; once jajanúr, [viii, 97, 10]; p. °jñivas; Ved. inf. jánitos, [iv, 6, 7]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr. iii]; [[Pāṇ. iii, 4, 6]]; Ved. ind.p. °nitvī́, [RV. x, 65, 7]) to generate, beget, produce, create, cause, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to produce (a song of praise, &c.), [RV.]; (cl. 10. or Caus.) to cause to be born, [AV. vii, 19, 1]; [xiii, 1, 19]; [VarBṛ. xiv, 1]; [xix]; to assign, procure, [RV.]; [VS. xix, 94]; cl. 4. jā́yate (ep. also °ti; impf. ájāyata; pr.p. jayamāna; fut. janiṣyate; aor. ájaniṣṭa; 1. [[RV. viii, 6, 10]] and 3. sg. ájani; 3. sg. jáni, [i, 141, 1]; jā́ni, [7, 36]; perf. jajñé, 2. sg. °jñiṣé, 3. pl. °jñiré, p. °jñāná) and [[RV.]] cl. 2. (?) Ā. (2. sg. janiṣé, 2. pl. °nidhve, Impv. °niṣvā [[vi, 15, 18]], °nidhvam, cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 78]; impf. 3. p. ajñata [aor., [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 80]], [AitBr.]), twice cl. 1. Ā. (impf. 3. pl. ajanatā, [RV. iv, 5, 5]; p. jánamāna, [viii, 99, 3]) to be born or produced, come into existence, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to grow (as plants, teeth), [AV. iv f.]; [AitBr. vii, 15]; [ŚBr. xiv]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn. ix, 38]; [VarBṛS.]; to be born as, be by birth or nature (with double nom.), [MBh. i, 11, 14]; [Pañcat. iv, 1, 5]; to be born or destined for (acc.), [RV. iv, 5, 5]; [MuṇḍUp. iii, 1, 10] (v.l. jayate for jāy°); to be born again, [Mn. iv], [ix], [xi f.]; [MBh. i], [iii], [xiii]; [Hit. Introd. 14]; to become, be, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to be changed into (dat.), [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 13], [Kāś.]; to take place, happen, [Vet. i, 11]; [iv, 25]; to be possible or applicable or suitable, [Suśr.]; to generate, produce, [R. iii, 20, 17]; [Caraṇ.] : Pass. janyate, to be born or produced, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 43] : Desid. jijaniṣati, [42], [Kāś.] : Intens. jañjanyate and jājāy°, [43] (cf. [Vop. xx, 17]);

jan : , [cf. γίγνομαι; Lat. gigno, (g)nascor; Hib. genim, ‘I beget, generate’.]

gav : in Ved. comp. for gó

ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.

ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.]

ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]]

ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.]

ā : grandfather, [L.]

ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.]

ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.]

ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.]

ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.]

ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.]

ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.]

ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.]

ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21]

ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.]

ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.]

ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)

ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531]

ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)

ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403]

ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’

ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12]

ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)

ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51]

ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.

tan : in comp. for tád.

tan : cl. 1. 10. °nati, tānayati, to believe in [Dhātup.]; ‘to assist’ or ‘to afflict with pain’, [ib.]

tan : (= √ stan) cl. 4. °nyati (aor. 2. sg. tatanas) to resound, roar, [RV. i, 38, 14]; [vi, 38, 2]; [cf. τόνος &c.]

tan : cl. 8. P. Ā. °nóti, °nuté (3. pl. °nváte [ā́- and vi-tanvaté, [RV.]] [AV. xii, 1, 13]; Impv. °nu [áva and ví-tanuhi, [RV.]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 106], Vārtt. 1, [Pat.]] [RV. i, 120, 11]; °nuṣva, [RV.]; Subj. 2. sg. °nuthās, [v, 79, 9]; 1. du. °navāvahai, [i, 170, 4]; impf. 3. pl. átanvata, [x, 90, 6]; [AV. vii, 5, 4]; pf. P. tatā́na, once tāt°, [RV. i, 105, 12]; 2. sg. tatántha [[RV.]], class. tenitha [[Pāṇ. vii, 2, 64], [Kāś.]]; Ā. 1. 2. 3. sg. [ā́-] tatane, [abhí-]tatniṣe, [ví-]tatne, [RV.]; 3. sg. irr. tate, [i, 83, 5]; 3. pl. tatniré [[164, 5] ví-, [AV. xiv, 1, 45]] or ten° [[iv, 14, 4] (vi-) &c.; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 99]]; aor. P. átan, [RV. vi, 61, 9]; [ā́-]atān, [67, 6]; [AV. ix, 4, 1]; [pári-, ví-] atanat, [RV.]; [anv-ā́] atāṃsīt, [VS. xv, 53]; atānīt, [MaitrS.]; tatánat, [abhí-]°tánāma, °tánan, [RV.]; 2. pl. ataniṣṭa, [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 79], [Kāś.]; 3. du. atāniṣṭām, [Bhaṭṭ. xv, 91]; Ā. atata or ataniṣṭa, atathās or ataniṣṭhās, [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 79]; 3. pl. átnata, [RV.]; tatánanta, [i, 52, 11]; 1. sg. atasi pl. ataṃsmahi, [Br.]; fut. 2nd taṃsyáte, [ŚBr.]; fut. 1st [vi-]tāyitā, [BhP. viii, 13, 36]; p. pr. tanvát, °vāná; pf. tatanvás; ind.p. tatvā, °tvā́ya, -tátya, [Br.]; [vi-] tāya, [BhP. vii, 10, 2]; inf. tantum, [Br.]; Pass. tāyáte, [RV. i, 110, 1] & [p. °yámāna] [x, 17, 7]; [AV.] &c.; tanyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 44]; aor. atāyi, [Br.]) to extend, spread, be diffused (as light) over, shine, extend towards, reach to, [RV.] &c.; to be protracted, continue, endure, [RV.]; to stretch (a cord), extend or bend (a bow), spread, spin out, weave, [RV.] &c.; to emboss, [ŚBr. xiv, 7, 2, 5]; to prepare (a way for), [RV. i, 83, 5]; to direct (one's way, gatim) towards, [Nalod. i, 20]; to propagate (one's self or one's family, tanūs, tantum), [Hariv. 2386]; [BhP. ii, 3, 8]; to (spread i.e. to) speak (words), [Daś. i, 87]; to protract, [RV. v, 79, 9]; [Kathās. li, 226]; to put forth, show, manifest, display, augment, [Ragh. iii, 25]; [Śak.]; [Bhartṛ.] &c. (Pass. to be put forth or extended, increase, [Bhaṭṭ.]); to accomplish, perform (a ceremony), [RV.]; [VS. ii, 13]; [AV. iv, 15, 16]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to sacrifice, [xiii, 2, 5, 2]; [Kauś. 127]; to compose (a literary work), [Hemac.]; [Caurap.], Sch.; to render (any one thirsty, double acc.), [Kuval. 455] : Desid. titaniṣati, °taṃsati, °tāṃs°, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 17]; [vii, 2, 49], [Kāś.]: Intens. tantanyate, tantanīti, [vi, 4, 44] & [vii, 4, 85], [Kāś.]; [cf. τάνομαι, τείνω &c.]

tan : tán m. (only dat., táne and instr. tánā) continuation, uninterrupted succession, [RV.]

tan : propagation, offspring, posterity, [RV.] [tanvā tánā ca or tmánā tānā or tanve táne (ca), ‘for one's own person and one's children’]

uru : urú mf(vI/)n. (√ 1. vṛ; √ ūrṇu, [Uṇ. i, 32]), wide, broad, spacious, extended, great, large, much, excessive, excellent, [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; [Ragh.]

uru : urú (us), m. N. of an Āṅgirasa, [ĀrṣBr.]

uru : of a son of the fourteenth Manu, [BhP.]; [VP.]

uru : urú (u), n. (u) wide space, space, room, [RV.] (with √ kṛ, to grant space or scope, give opportunity, [RV.])

uru : urú (u), ind. widely, far, far off, [RV.]

uru : compar. varīyas, superl. variṣṭha;

uru : [cf. Gk. εὐρύς, εὐρύνω, &c.: Hib. ur, ‘very’; uras , ‘power, ability’.]

antarikṣa : antárikṣa n. the intermediate space between heaven and earth

antarikṣa : (in the Veda) the middle of the three spheres or regions of life

antarikṣa : the atmosphere or sky

antarikṣa : the air

antarikṣa : talc.

jyotiṣā : f. N. of a river, [Viṣṇ. lxxxv, 33.]

jyotis : jyótis n. light (of the sun, dawn, fire, lightning, &c.; also pl.), brightness (of the sky), [RV.] &c. (trī́ṇi jyótīṃṣi, light appearing in the 3 worlds, viz. on earth, in the intermediate region, and in the sky or heaven [the last being called uttamá, [VS. xx]; [AV. xviii]; or úttara, [i, 9, l]; or tṛtī́ya, [RV. x, 56, 1]] [VS. viii, 36]; [AV. ix, 5, 8]; [MBh. iii]; also personified as ‘fire’ on earth, ‘ether or air’ in the intermediate region, and ‘sun’ in the sky, [ŚBr. xi, 5, 8, 2]; [ŚāṅkhŚr. xvi, 21, 2], &c.; ‘fire, sun and moon’, [Bhag. xv, 12])

jyotis : fire, flash of lightning, [Megh.]; [Śak.]

jyotis : moonlight, [RV. iii, 34, 4]; [AV. iv, 18, 1]

jyotis : (pl.), [ŚBr. x] and [R. i, 35, 16]

jyotis : eye-light, [RV. i, 117, 17]

jyotis : the eye, [MBh. i, 6853]; [Ragh.]; [BhP. ix]

jyotis : du. sun and moon, [Gobh. iii, 3, 18]; [Śatr. i, 28]

jyotis : pl. the heavenly bodies, planets and stars, [Mn.]; [Bhag.] &c. (°tiṣām ayana n. course or movements of the heavenly bodies, science of those movements [= °tiṣa], [Lāṭy. iv, 8, 1]; [Śikṣ.])

jyotis : sg. the light of heaven, celestial world, [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr. xiv, 7, 2]

jyotis : light as the divine principle of life or source of intelligence, intelligence, [RV. vi, 9, 6]; [VS. xxiv, 3]; [AV. xvi]; [Bhag.]

jyotis : (pauruṣaj° ‘human intelligence’), [Sarvad.]

jyotis : (para j°, ‘highest light or truth’), [RāmatUp.] & [Sarvad.]

jyotis : light as the type of freedom or bliss or victory (cf. ϕάος, ϕῶς and Lat. lux), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr. xiv]; [Suśr.]

jyotis : N. of several Ekāhas, [TS. vii]; [ŚBr. xii f.] &c.

jyotis : of certain formularies containing the word , [Lāṭy. i, 8, 13]

jyotis : a metre of 32 short and 16 long syllables

jyotis : = °tiṣa, science of the movements of the heavenly bodies, [L.]

jyotis : a mystical N. for the letter r, [RāmatUp.]

jyotis : jyótis m. fire, [L.]

jyotis : the sun, [L.]

jyotis : Trigonella foenum graecum, [L.]

jyotis : N. of a Marut, [Hariv. 11545]

jyotis : of a son of Manu Svārociṣa, 429

jyotis : of a Prajā-pati, [VP.]

jyotis : cf. dákṣiṇā-, śukrá-, sa-, híraṇya-, &c.

vi : ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).

vi : [cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]

vi : n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]

vi : ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)

vi : sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)

vi : in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)

vi : it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article

vi : but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.

tamaḥ : in comp. for °mas.

tamas : támas n. darkness, gloom (also pl.), [RV.] (°maḥ práṇīta, ‘led into darkness’, deprived of the eye's light or sight, [i, 117, 17]) &c.

tamas : the darkness of hell, hell or a particular division of hell, [Mn. iv], [viii f.]; [VP. ii, 6, 4]; [MārkP. xii, 10]

tamas : the obscuration of the sun or moon in eclipses, attributed to Rāhu (also m., [L.]), [R.]; [VarBṛS. v, 44]; [VarBṛ. ii]; [VarYogay.]; [Sūryas.]

tamas : mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error (in Sāṃkhya phil. one of the 5 forms of a-vidyā, [MBh. xiv, 1019]; [Sāṃkhyak.] &c.; one of the 3 qualities or constituents of everything in creation [the cause of heaviness, ignorance, illusion, lust, anger, pride, sorrow, dulness, and stolidity; sin, [L.]; sorrow, [Kir. iii]; see guṇa & cf. [RTL. p. 45]] [Mn. xii, 24 f.] and [38]; [Sāṃkhyak.] &c.), [RV. v, 31, 9]; [R. ii]; [Śak.]; [Rājat. v, 144]

tamas : N. of a son (of Śravas, [MBh. xiii, 2002]; of Dakṣa, [i], Sch.; of Pṛthu-śravas, [VP. iv, 12, 2])

tamas : [cf. timira; Lat. temere &c.]

tamas : támas , °sá, &c. See col. 1.

vṛ : cl. 5. 9. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 8]; [xxxi, 16], [20]; [xxxiv, 8]) vṛṇóti, vṛṇuté; vṛṇāti, vṛṇīte; várati, várate (mostly cl. 5. and with the prep. apa or vi; of cl. 9. only avṛṇīdhvam, [AV. vi, 7, 3]; cl. 1. only in [RV.] [cf. also √ ūrṇu]; pf. vavā́ra, vavré, [RV.] &c. &c. [2. sg. vavártha, [RV.]; vavaritha, vavṛma &c. Gr.; p. vavrivás gen. vavavrúṣas, [RV.]]; aor. ávar or ā́var, avṛta, [RV.] [1. sg. vam, 2. du. vartam, 3. pl. avran, p. Ā. vrāṇá, q.v. Impv. vṛdhi, [ib.]]; avārīt, [Br.]; avarīṣṭa or avariṣṭa Gr.; Subj. varṣathas, [RV.]; Pot. vriyāt, vūryāt, variṣīṣṭa Gr.; fut. varītā or varitā, varīṣyati or variṣyati, [ib.] ; inf. vartum, [MBh.], varitum, [Bhaṭṭ.], varītum, [Sāh.]; ind.p. vṛtvā́, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; vṛlvī́, [RV.]; vṛtvā́ya, [Br.]; -vṛ́tya, [AV.]), to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct, [RV.] &c. &c.; to close (a door), [AitBr.]; to ward off, check, keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Bhaṭṭ.] : Pass. vriyate (aor. ávāri), to be covered or surrounded or obstructed or hindered, [RV.]; [MBh.] : Caus. vāráyati, °te (aor. avīvarat, ávīvarata, [AV.]; ávāvarīt, [RV.]; Pass. vāryate, [MBh.] &c.), to cover, conceal, hide, keep back, hold captive, [RV.] &c. &c.; to stop, check, restrain, suppress, hinder, prevent from (abl. or inf.; rarely two acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to exclude, [Siddh.]; to prohibit, forbid, [MBh.]; to withhold, [R.]; [Kathās.] &c.: Desid. of Caus. vivārayiṣate, [Br.] : Desid. vivarīṣati or vivariṣati, vuvūrṣati, °te Gr.: Intens. vevrīyate, vovūryate, varvarti, [ib.]

vṛ : [cf. Goth. warjan; Germ. wehren, Wehr; Eng. weir.]

vṛ : cl. 5. Ā. 9. P. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 8]; [xxxi, 16], [20]) vṛṇoti, vṛṇute; vṛṇā́ti, (mostly) vṛṇīté (in [RV.] also váras, °rat, °ranta, but these may be Subj. aor.; pf. vavāra, [Bhaṭṭ.]; vavre, [RV.] [2. sg. vavṛṣé, 1. pl. vavṛmáhe] &c. &c.; aor. avri, avṛta, [RV.] [Pot. vurīta, p. urāṇá] &c. &c.; avṛṣi, °ṣata, [AV.]; [Br.] [2. pl. avṛḍhvam] [Up.]; avarīṣṭa or avariṣṭa Gr.; Prec. variṣīṣṭa, [ib.]; fut. varītā or varitā, [ib.]; variṣyate, [Br.]; varīṣyate Gr.; inf. varītum, [Bhaṭṭ.]; [Rājat.]; varitum Gr.; ind.p. varitvā or vṛtvā, [GṛŚrS.] &c.; varītvā Gr.), to choose, select, choose for one's self, choose as (-arthe or acc. of pers.) or for (-artham or dat., loc. instr. of thing), [RV.] &c. &c.; to choose in marriage, woo, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to ask a person (acc.) for (acc.) or on behalf of (kṛte), [R.]; [Kathās.]; to solicit anything (acc.) from (abl. or -tas), [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; to ask or request that (Pot. with or without iti), [R.]; [MBh.]; to like better than, prefer to (abl., rarely instr.), [RV.]; [AitBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; to like, love (as opp. to ‘hate’), [MBh. v, 4149]; to choose or pick out a person (for a boon), grant (a boon) to (acc.), [Rājat. iii, 421] : Caus. ([Dhātup. xxxv, 2]) varayati, °te (ep. also vārayati; Pass. varyáte, [Br.]); to choose, choose for one's self, choose as (acc. of pers.) or for (-artham dat. or loc. of thing), ask or sue for (acc.) or on behalf of (dat. or -arthe), choose as a wife (acc. with or without patnīm, dārān, or patny-artham), [Br.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to like, love well, [R.]

vṛ : [cf. Lat. velle; Slav. voliti; Got. wiljian; Germ. wollan, wollen, Wahl, wohl; Angl.Sax. willan; Eng. will.]