sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

aruṇa : aruṇá mf(A/ [RV. v, 63, 6, &c.] or I/ [RV. x, 61, 4, & (nom. pl. aruRa/yas), 95, 6])n. (√ ṛ, [Uṇ.]), reddish-brown, tawny, red, ruddy (the colour of the morning opposed to the darkness of night), [RV.] &c.

aruṇa : perplexed, [L.]

aruṇa : dumb, [L.]

aruṇa : coarse (as food), [Jātakam.]

aruṇa : full of, mixed with (instr. or comp.), ib.

aruṇa : aruṇá m. red colour, [BhP.]

aruṇa : the dawn (personified as the charioteer of the sun), [Mn. x, 33], &c.

aruṇa : the sun, [Śāk.]

aruṇa : a kind of leprosy (with red [cf. [AV. v, 22, 3] and [vi, 20, 3]] spots and insensibility of the skin), [L.]

aruṇa : a little poisonous animal, [Suśr.]

aruṇa : the plant Rottleria Tinctoria, [L.]

aruṇa : molasses, [L.]

aruṇa : N. of a teacher, [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [TBr.]

aruṇa : of the composer of the hymn, [RV. x, 91] (with the patron. Vaitahavya), [RAnukr.]

aruṇa : of the Nāga priest Āṭa, [PBr.]

aruṇa : of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [BhP.]

aruṇa : of the Daitya Mura, [ib.]

aruṇa : of an Asura, [MBh. xvi, 119] (v.l. varuṇa), of the father of the fabulous bird Jaṭāyu, [MBh. iii, 16045]

aruṇa : (áruṇa) m. N. of a pupil of Upaveśi (cf. aruṇám. above), [ŚBr. xiv]

aruṇa : aruṇá (ās), m. pl. N. of a class of Ketus (seventy seven in number), [VarBṛS.]

aruṇa : aruṇá m. (named as the composers of certain Mantras), [Kāṭh.]

aruṇa : aruṇá (ám), n. red colour, [RV. x, 168, 1], gold, [AV. xiii, 4, 51]

aruṇa : aruṇá m. a ruby, [BhP.]

varam : váram (am), ind. (g. svar-ādi) preferably, rather, better (also = preferable, sometimes with abl. which in Veda is often followed by ā, e.g. agníbhyo váram, ‘better than fires’, [RV.]; sákhibhya ā́ váram, ‘better than companions’, [ib.]; exceptionally with acc., e.g. śiṣyaiḥ śata-hutān homān, ekaḥ putra-huto varam, ‘better one sacrifice offered by a son than a hundred offered by disciples’, [ṢaḍvBr.]), [RV.] &c. &c.

varam : váram ind. it is better that, it would be best if (with pres., e.g. varaṃ gacchāmi, ‘it is better that I go’; or with Impv., e.g. varaṃ naye sthāpyatām, ‘it would be better if he were initiated into our plan’, [Kathās.]; or without any verb, e.g. varaṃ siṃhāt, ‘better [death caused] by a lion’, [Pañcat.]; sometimes with Pot., e.g. varaṃ tat kuryāt, ‘better that he should do that’, [Kām.]), [Kāv.]; [Kathās.] &c.

varam : it is better than, rather than (in these senses is followed by na, na ca, na tu, na punaḥ, tad api na or tathāpi na, with nom., e.g. varaṃ mṛtyur nacākīrtiḥ, ‘better death than [lit. ‘and not’] infamy’; exceptionally with instr., e.g. varam eko guṇī putro na ca mūrkha-śatair api, ‘better one virtuous son than hundreds of fools’, [Hit.]; na hi-varam, ‘by no mean — but rather’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

vara : vára m. (fr. √ vṛ), ‘environing’, ‘enclosing’, circumference, space, room, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.] (vára ā́ pṛthivyā́ḥ, on the wide earth)

vara : stopping, checking, [RV. i, 143, 5.]

vara : vará mf(A)n. (fr. √ vṛ) choosing (see patiṃ-varā, svayaṃ-varā)

vara : vará m. ‘chooser’, one who solicits a girl in marriage, suitor, lover, bridegroom, husband (rarely ‘son-in-law’), [RV.] &c. &c.

vara : a bridegroom's friend, [MW.]

vara : a dissolute man (= vita or ṣiḍga), [L.]

vara : vára (vára), mf(A)n. ‘select’, choicest, valuable, precious, best, most excellent or eminent among (gen. loc. abl., or comp.) or for (gen.), [ŚrS.]; [MBh.] &c.

vara : (ifc.) royal, princely, [Jātakam.]

vara : better, preferable, better than (abl., rarely gen.) or among (abl.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

vara : eldest, [W.]

vara : vára m. (rarely n.; ifc. f(A). ) ‘act or object of choosing’, election, wish, request

vara : vára m. boon, gift, reward, benefit, blessing, favour (várāya, váram ā́, práti váram or váraṃ varam, ‘according to wish, to one's heart's content’; mad-varāt, ‘in consequence of the boon granted by me’; váraṃ-√ vṛ, ‘to choose a boon’; varaṃ-√ yāc or ā-√ kāṅkṣ or √ brū or Caus. of pra-√ arth, ‘to prefer a request’; váraṃ√ dā, ‘to grant a boon or blessing’; varam pra-√ dā or pra-√ yam id.; varaṃ-√ labh, ‘to receive a boon or reward’), [RV.] &c. &c.

vara : a benefit, advantage, privilege, [Daś.]

vara : charity, alms, [VarBṛS.]

vara : a dowry, [Pañcat.]

vara : a kind of grain (= varata), [KātyŚr.], Sch.

vara : bdellium, [L.]

vara : a sparrow, [L.]

vara : N. of a son of Śvaphalka, [VP.]

vara : vára n. saffron, [BhP.] (In comp. not always separable from 1. .)

vara : &c. See p. 921, col. 1.

vara : &c. See p. 922, col. 1, and p. 923.

ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.

ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.]

ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]]

ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.]

ā : grandfather, [L.]

ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.]

ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.]

ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.]

ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.]

ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.]

ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.]

ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.]

ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21]

ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.]

ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.]

ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)

ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531]

ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)

ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403]

ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’

ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12]

ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)

ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51]

ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.

piśaṅga : piśáṅga mf(I)n. reddish, reddish-brown or -yellow, tawny, [RV.] &c. &c.

piśaṅga : piśáṅga m. a reddish or tawny colour, [W.]

piśaṅga : N. of a serpent-demon, [TāṇḍBr.]; [MBh.]

śubh : (or śumbh) cl. 1. Ā. or cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xviii, 11]; [xxviii, 33]) śóbhate, śumbháti or śúmbhati (ep. also śobhati, and Ved. śúmbhate; 3. sg. śóbhe, [RV.]; pf. śuśobha, śuśubhe, [MBh.] &c.; śuśumbha Gr.; aor., aśubhat, aśobhiṣṭa, aśumbhīt, [ib.]; p. śúmbhāna, śubhāná, [RV.]; fut. śobhitā or śumbhitā Gr.; śobhiṣyati, [MBh.]; śumbhiṣyati Gr.; inf. śubhé, śobhāse, [RV.]; śobhitum Gr.), to beautify, embellish, adorn, beautify one's self. (Ā.) look beautiful or handsome, shine, be bright or splendid; (with iva or yathā, ‘to shine or look like’; with na, ‘to look bad, have a bad appearance, appear to disadvantage’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to prepare, make fit or ready, (Ā.) prepare one's self, [RV.]; [AV.]; (śúmbhate accord. to some) to flash or flit i.e. glide rapidly past or along, [RV.] (cf. śubhāná, śumbhámāna, and pra-√ śumbh); (śumbhati) wrongly for śundhati (to be connected with √ śudh, to purify), [AV. vi, 155, 3]; [xii, 2, 40] &c.; (śumbhati) to harm, injure, [Dhātup. xi, 42] (in this sense rather to be regarded as a second √ śumbh cf. √ 2. śumbh, ni-śumbh) : Pass. aor. aśobhi-tarām, [Inscr.] : Caus. śobhayati (aor. aśūśubhat ; cf. śobhita), to cause to shine, beautify, ornament, decorate, [AV.] &c. &c.; (śubháyati, °te) to ornament, decorate, (Ā.) decorate one's self, [RV.]; [TBr.]; (only pr. p. śubháyat), to fly rapidly along, [RV.] : Desid. śuśobhiṣate (accord. to Gr. also °ti, and śuśubhiṣati, °te), to wish to prepare or make ready, [Nir. viii, 10] : Intens. śośubhyate (Gr. also śośobdhi), to shine brightly or intensely, be very splendid or beautiful, [MBh.]

śubh : śúbh f. (dat. śubhé as inf.) splendour, beauty, ornament, decoration, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [TBr.]

śubh : flashing or flitting past, gliding along, rapid course or flight, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]

śubh : readiness (?), [RV.]

kam : kám ind. (Gk. κεν) well (opposed to a-kam, ‘ill’), [TS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.

kam : a particle placed after the word to which it belongs with an affirmative sense, ‘yes’, ‘well’ (but this sense is generally so weak that Indian grammarians are perhaps right in enumerating among the expletives, [Nir.]; it is often found attached to a dat. case, giving to that case a stronger meaning, and is generally placed at the end of the Pāda, e.g. ájījana óṣadhīr bhójanāya kám, thou didst create the plants for actual food, [RV. v, 83, 10]), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS. v]

kam : is also used as an enclitic with the particles nu, su, and hi (but is treated in the Pada-pāṭha as a separate word; in this connection has no accent but once, [AV. vi, 110, 1]), [RV.]; [AV.]

kam : a particle of interrogation (like kad and kim), [RV. x, 52, 3]

kam : (sometimes, like kim and kad, at the beginning of compounds) marking the strange or unusual character of anything or expressing reproach, [L.]

kam : head, [L.]

kam : food, [Nir.]

kam : water, [Nir.]; [Nigh.]

kam : happiness, bliss, [L.]

kam : cl. 1. Ā. (not used in the conjugational tenses) cakame, kamitā, kamiṣyate, acakamata, [Dhātup. xii, 10] to wish, desire, long for, [RV. v, 36, 1]; [x, 117, 2]; [AV. xix, 52, 3]; [ŚBr.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to love, be in love with, have sexual intercourse with, [ŚBr. xi]; [BhP.] : Caus. Ā. (ep. also P.) kāmayate, -ti, kāmayāṃ-cakre, acīkamata, &c.; to wish, desire, long for (with acc. or inf. or Pot. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 157]; e.g. kāmaye bhuñjīta bhavān, I wish your worship may eat; kāmaye dātum, I wish to give, [Kāś.]), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [MBh.] &c.; to love, be in love with, have sexual intercourse with, [RV. x, 124, 5]; [125, 5]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause any one to love, [Ṛtus.] (in that sense P. [Vop.]); (with bahu or aty-artham) to rate or value highly, [R.] : Desid. cikamiṣate and cikāmayiṣate: Intens. caṃkamyate;

kam : [cf. Lat. comis; also amo, with the loss of the initial, for camo; câ-rus for cam-rus: Hib. caemh, ‘love, desire; fine, handsome, pleasant’; caomhach, ‘a friend, companion’; caomhaim, ‘I save, spare, protect’; Armen. kamim.]

yā : (ā), f. going; a car

yā : restraining, religious meditation

yā : attaining

yā : pudendum muliebre

yā : N. of Lakṣmī.

yā : (collateral form of √ 5. i) cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 41]) yā́ti (1. pl. yāmahe, [MBh.]; impf. 3. pl. ayuḥ, [Br.]; ayān, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 111], Sch.; pf. yayaú, yayā́tha, yayá, yayúḥ, [RV.] &c. &c.; yaye, [Kāv.]; aor. ayāsam or ayāsiṣam; Subj. yā́sat, yeṣam, yāsiṣat, [RV.]; [Br.]; Prec. yāsiṣīṣṭhās, [Br.]; fut. yātā, [MBh.] &c.; yāsyati, [AV.]; °te, [MBh.]; inf. yātum, [MBh.] &c.; Ved. inf. yaí, yā́tave or °vaí; ind.p. yātvā́, [Br.] &c.; -yā́ya, -yāyam, [ib.]), to go, proceed, move, walk, set out, march, advance, travel, journey (often with instr. or acc. of the way, esp. with gatim, mārgam, adhvānam, panthānam, padavīm, yātrām), [RV.] &c. &c.; to go away, withdraw, retire, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (also with palāyya) to flee, escape, [R.]; [Kathās.] (with kṣemeṇa or svasti, to escape unscathed, [Pañcat.]; [BhP.]); to go towards or against, go or come to, enter, approach, arrive at, reach, [RV.] &c. &c. (with acc. often followed by prati, e.g. with gṛham, to enter a house; with ripum prati, to march against the enemy; with mṛgayām, to go out hunting; with śirasāmahīm, to bow down to the ground with the head; with prakṛtim, to return to one's natural state; with karṇau, to come to the ears, be heard; with utsavād utsavam, to go from one festival to another; with hastam ifc., to fall into the hands of; with patham or gocaram ifc., to come within range of; esp. with the acc. of an abstract noun = to go to any state or condition, become, be, e.g. vināśaṃ yāti, he goes to destruction i.e. he is destroyed; kāṭhinyaṃ yāti, it becomes hard; dveṣyatāṃ yāti, he becomes hated; similarly nidhanaṃ-√ yā, to die; nidrāṃ-√ yā, to fall asleep; udayaṃ-√ yā, to rise, said of stars &c.; sometimes also with loc., e.g. yāhi rājñaḥ sakāśe, go into the presence of the king, [R.]; or even with dat., e.g. yayatuḥ sva-niveśāya, both went home, [Kathās.] ; na cātmane kṛpaṇasya dhanaṃ yāti, nor does the wealth of the miser go to [i.e. benefit] himself, [Hit.]; phalebhyo yāti, he goes to [fetch] fruits, [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 14], Sch.); to go to for any request, implore, solicit (with two acc.), [RV.]; (with striyam) to go to a woman for sexual intercourse, [MBh.]; to go to for any purpose (inf.), [Bhaṭṭ.]; [Vop.]; often with adverbs, e.g. with bahir, to go out, [Kathās.]; with adho, to go down, sink, [BhP.]; with khaṇḍaśo or dalaśo, to fall to pieces, [Kathās.]; with śata-dhā, to fall into a hundred pieces, [ib.]; to extend to (acc.), [VarBṛS.]; to last for (acc.), [Hit.]; to pass away, elapse (said of time), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to vanish, disappear (as wealth), [Mṛcch.]; to come to pass, prosper, succeed, [BhP.]; to proceed, behave, act, [MBh.]; to find out, discover, [MBh.]; to receive or learn (a science) from (abl.), [BhP.]; to undertake, undergo (acc.), [RV.]; Impv. yātu, be it as it may, [Hit.] : Pass. yāyate, to be gone or moved, [MBh.] : Caus. yāpáyati (aor. ayīyapat), to cause to depart, cause to go or march, dismiss, [Kāv.]; [BhP.]; to cause to go towards (acc.), [Pāṇ. i, 4, 32], Sch. (cf. yāpita); to direct (the gaze) towards (loc.), [Bhartṛ.] (v.l. pātayati); to drive away remove, cure (a disease), [Suśr.]; to cause to pass or elapse, pass or spend (time), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to live (Pāli yāpeti), [Divyāv.]; to cause to subsist, support, maintain, [Divyāv.]; to induce, [MW.] : Desid. yiyāsati, to intend or be about to go, desire to proceed, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Intens. īyāyate (?), to move, [PraśnUp.]; yāyayate, yāyeti, yāyāti Gr.

yā : (ifc.) going, moving (see ṛṇa-, eva-, tura-, deva-yā).

yā : f. of ya, q.v.

rathatur : ratha—túr mfn. urging or drawing (others, ‘overtaking’) a chariots, [RV.]

aśva : áśva m. (2. rarely 3 [RV.]) (√ aś, [Uṇ.]) ifc. f. a horse, stallion, [RV.] &c.

aśva : the horse (in the game of chess)

aśva : the number ‘seven’ (that being the number of the horses of the sun)

aśva : the archer (in the Zodiac), [VarBṛ.]

aśva : a particular kind of lover (horse-like in strength), [L.]

aśva : N. of a teacher (with the patron. Sāmudri), [ŚBr. xiii]

aśva : of a son of Citraka, [Hariv. 1921]

aśva : of a Dānava, [MBh. i, 2532]

aśva : [Zd. aspa; Lat. equus; Gk. ἵππος, &c.]

aśva : Nom. P. aśvati, to behave like a horse, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 11], Sch.

rukma : rukmin. See next page.

rukma : rukmá m. ‘what is bright or radiant’, an ornament of gold, golden chain or disc, [RV.]; [AV.] (here n.), [VS.]; [Br.]; [ŚrS.]

rukma : Mesua Roxburghii, [L.]

rukma : the thorn-apple, [L.]

rukma : N. of a son of Rucaka, [BhP.]

rukma : rukmá n. gold, [L.]

rukma : iron, [L.]

rukma : a kind of collyrium, [L.]

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

citra : citrá mf(A/)n. conspicuous, excellent, distinguished, [RV.]

citra : bright, clear, bright-coloured, [RV.]

citra : clear (a sound), [RV.]

citra : variegated, spotted, speckled (with instr. or in comp.), [Nal. iv, 8]; [R.]; [Mṛcch.]; [VarBṛS.]

citra : agitated (as the sea, opposed to sama), [R. iii, 39, 12]

citra : various, different, manifold, [Mn. ix, 248]; [Yājñ. i, 287]; [MBh.] &c.

citra : (execution) having different varieties (of tortures), [Mn. ix, 248]; [Daś. vii, 281]

citra : strange, wonderful, [Rājat. vi, 227]

citra : containing the word citrá, [ŚBr. vii, 4, 1, 24]; [KātyŚr. xvii]

citra : leaping to and fro, [Jātakam.]

citra : citrá (ás),m. variety of colour, [L.], Sch.

citra : Plumbago zeylanica, [L.]

citra : Ricinus communis, [L.]

citra : Jonesia Aśoka, [L.]

citra : a form of Yama, [Tithyād.]

citra : N. of a king, [RV. viii, 21, 18] (cítra)

citra : of a Jābāla-gṛhapati (with the patr. Gauśrāyaṇi), [KauṣBr. xxiii, 5]

citra : of a king (with the patr. Gāṅgyāyani), [KauṣUp. i]

citra : of a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, [MBh. i], [vii]

citra : of a Draviḍa king, [PadmaP. v, 20, 1] (v.l. °trākṣa)

citra : of a Gandharva, [Gal.]

citra : citrá (ám), n. anything bright or coloured which strikes the eyes, [RV.]; [VS.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [TāṇḍyaBr. xviii, 9]

citra : a brilliant ornament, ornament, [RV. i, 92, 13]; [ŚBr. ii], [xiii]

citra : a bright or extraordinary appearance, wonder, [ii]; [Śak.]; [Pañcat.]; [Bhartṛ.] &c.

citra : (with yadi [[Śak. iii, 9/10]] or yad [[Hariv. 9062]; [Śak.]; [Kathās. xviii, 359]] or fut. [[Pāṇ. iii, 3, 150 f.]]) strange, curious (e.g. citraṃ badhiro vyākaraṇam adhyeṣyate ‘it would be strange if a deaf man should learn grammar’, [Kāś.])

citra : strange! [Hariv. 15652]; [Kathās. v], [vii]; [Rājat. i], [iv]

citra : the ether, sky, [L.]

citra : a spot, [MBh. xiii, 2605]

citra : a sectarial mark on the forehead, [L.]

citra : = kuṣṭha, [L.]

citra : citrá n. a picture, sketch, delineation, [MBh.]; [Hariv. 4532] (sa-citra mfn. = -ga), [R.]; [Śak.] &c. (ifc. f(A). , [Megh. 64])

citra : citrá n. variety of colour, [L.]

citra : a forest (vana for dhana?) of variegated appearance Sch. on [KātyŚr. xxi, 3, 23] and [ṢaḍvBr. ii, 10]

citra : various modes of writing or arranging verses in the shape of mathematical or other fanciful figures (syllables which occur repeatedly being left out or words being represented in a shortened form), [Sarasv. ii, 16]; [Kpr. ix, 8]; [Sāh.]

citra : punning in the form of question and answer, facetious conversation, riddle, [iv, 14/v]; [Pratāpar.]; [Kuval.]

citra : cf. a- and su-citrá, dā́nu-, vi-

citra : caitra.

citra : citrá °traka, °traṭa, &c. See √ 4. cit.

pavyā : pávyā f. purification, [RV.]

pavyā : = paví, the tire of a wheel (?), [ib.]

pavi : paví m. (perh. orig. ‘brightness, sheen’; cf. pāvaka and [Uṇ. iv, 138], Sch.) the tire of a wheel (esp. a golden tire on the chariot of the Aśvins and Maruts), [RV.]; [AitĀr.]

pavi : the metallic point of a spear or arrow, [ib.]

pavi : the iron band on a Soma-stone, [ib.]

pavi : an arrow, [Nir. xii, 30]

pavi : a thunderbolt, [Naigh. ii, 20]

pavi : speech, [ib.] [i, 11] fire, [L.]

ratha : rátha m. (√ 4. ṛ) ‘goer’, a chariot, car, esp. a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the anas, q.v.), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart, [RV.] &c. &c. (ifc. f(A). )

ratha : a warrior, hero, champion, [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; [BhP.]

ratha : the body, [L.]

ratha : a limb, member, part, [L.]

ratha : Calamus Rotang, [L.]

ratha : Dalbergia Ougeinensis, [L.]

ratha : = pauruṣa, [L.]

ratha : m. (√ ram) pleasure, joy, delight (cf. mano-ratha)

ratha : affection, love (cf. next).

han : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 2]) hanti (3. du. hatáḥ, 3. pl. ghnanti; rarely Ā. hate, 3. pl. ghnate; and cl. 1. hanati, Ved. also jighnate, °ti; Pot. hanyāt, [Br.] also hánīta, ghnīta; Impv. jahí, [TĀr.] handhí; impf. áhan, Ved. and ep. also ahanat, ahanan, aghnanta; p. jaghnat, ghnamāna, [MBh.]; pf. jaghā́na, jaghnúḥ, [Br.] and ep. also jaghne, °nire, Subj. jaghánat, [RV.]; p. jaghnivás, Ved. also jaghanvas; aor. ahānīt, [JaimBr.] [cf. √ vadh]; fut. hantā, [MBh.]; haṃsyati, [ib.]; haniṣyáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; inf. hántum, Ved. also hántave, °tavaí, °toḥ; ind.p. hatvā́, Ved. also °tvī́, °tvāya, -hatya; -hanya, [MBh.]; -ghā́tam, [Br.] &c.), to strike, beat (also a drum), pound, hammer (acc.), strike &c. upon (loc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy, [ib.]; to put to death, cause to be executed, [Mn.]; [Hit.]; to strike off, [Kathās.]; to ward off, avert, [MBh.]; to hurt, wound (the heart), [R.]; to hurl (a dart) upon (gen.), [RV.]; (in astron.) to touch, come into contact, [VarBṛS.]; to obstruct, hinder, [Rājat.]; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow &c.), [Kāv.]; [BhP.]; (?) to go, move, [Naigh. ii, 14] : Pass. hanyáte (ep. also °ti; aor. avadhi or aghāni), to be struck or killed, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. ghātayati, °te (properly a Nom. fr. ghāta, q.v.; aor. ajīghatat or ajīghanat), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati = kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe), [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 26], Vārtt. 6 [Pat.]; to mar, destroy, [MBh.]; [Pañcat.] (v.l.) : Desid. jíghāṃsati, °te (Pot. jighāṃsīyat, [MBh.]; impf. ajighāṃsīḥ, [ŚBr.]), to wish to kill or destroy, [RV.] &c. &c.: Intens. jáṅghanti ([RV.]; p. jaṅghanat, jáṅghnat or ghánighnat), jaṅghanyate (with pass. sense, [MuṇḍUp.]), jeghnīyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 31]), to strike = tread upon (loc. or acc.), [RV.]; to slay, kill, [ib.]; to dispel (darkness), destroy (evil, harm), [ib.]; to hurt, injure, wound, [MuṇḍUp.]

han : [cf. Gk. θείνω, θάνατος; ϕόνος, ἔπεϕνον πέϕαται; Lat. de-fendere, of-fendere; Lit. genu, gíti; Slav. gǔnati.]

han : mf(GnI)n. killing, a killer, slayer (only ifc.; see ari-, tamo-han &c.)

bhūma : bhūmá m. (in the formula dhruvāya bhūmāya [= bhaumāya] namaḥ), [TĀr.]

bhūma : mostly ifc. for bhūmi or bhūman (cf. udaka-, kṛṣṇa-bh° &c.)

bhūma : also ibc. in the next words.

bhūman : bhū́man n. the earth, world, [RV.]; [AV.]

bhūman : a territory, country, district, [ĀśvGṛ.]

bhūman : a being, (pl.) the aggregate of all existing things, [RV.]

bhūman : (bhūmán), m. abundance, plenty, wealth, opulence, multitude, majority, [RV.] &c. &c. (ifc. filled with, [Mcar.])

bhūman : m. the pl. number (bhūmni in the plural), [L.]

bhūman : N. of Kṛṣṇa, [BhP.]

bhūman : f. a collection, assembly, [ŚāṅkhBr.]