1.164.26
उप॑ ह्वये सु॒दुघां॑ धे॒नुमे॒तां सु॒हस्तो॑ गो॒धुगु॒त दो॑हदेनाम्
श्रेष्ठं॑ स॒वं स॑वि॒ता सा॑विषन्नो॒ऽभी॑द्धो घ॒र्मस्तदु॒ षु प्र वो॑चम्
1.164.26
úpa hvaye sudúghāṃ dhenúm etā́ṃ
suhásto godhúg utá dohad enām
śréṣṭhaṃ saváṃ savitā́ sāviṣan no
-abhī̀ddho gharmás tád u ṣú prá vocam
1.164.26
upafrom úpa
from sudúgha-
from dhenú-
from eṣá
from suhásta-
from utá
from √duh-
from ena-
from śréṣṭha-
from savá- 1
from √sū- 1
from √idh- 1
from gharmá-
from sá- ~ tá-
from u
from sú
from prá
from √vac-
1.164.26
I invocate the milch-cow good for milking so that the milker, deft of hand, may drain her. May Savitar give goodliest stimulation. The caldron is made hot; I will proclaim it.
| Source index | Surface | Lemma | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.164.26 | úpa upa : úpa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (e.g. upa-√ gam, to go near, undergo; upa-gamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayur upa = upāyayuḥ, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (e.g. upa-kaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upa-purāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa; upa-daśa, nearly ten) upa : sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (e.g. upa-mūlam, at the root; upa-pūrva-rātram, towards the beginning of night; upa-kūpe, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (e.g. upakūpa-jalāśaya, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well) upa : prefixed to proper names may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ (e.g. upendra, ‘the younger brother of Indra’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (e.g. tatropa brahma yo veda, who further knows the Brahman), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [PārGṛ.] (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc., e.g. upa āśāḥ, towards the regions) upa : near to, at, on, upon upa : at the time of, upon, up to, in, above (with loc., e.g. upa sānuṣu, on the tops of the mountains) upa : with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst., e.g. upa dharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] , besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.; upa : [cf. Zd. upa; Gk. ὑπό; Lat. sub; Goth. uf; Old Germ. oba; Mod. Germ. ob in Obdach, obliegen, &c.] 🔎 úpa | úpa upa : úpa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down (e.g. upa-√ gam, to go near, undergo; upa-gamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayur upa = upāyayuḥ, they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority (e.g. upa-kaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upa-purāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa; upa-daśa, nearly ten) upa : sometimes forming with the nouns to which it is prefixed compound adverbs (e.g. upa-mūlam, at the root; upa-pūrva-rātram, towards the beginning of night; upa-kūpe, near a well) which lose their adverbial terminations if they are again compounded with nouns (e.g. upakūpa-jalāśaya, a reservoir in the neighbourhood of a well) upa : prefixed to proper names may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ (e.g. upendra, ‘the younger brother of Indra’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover (e.g. tatropa brahma yo veda, who further knows the Brahman), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [PārGṛ.] (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc., e.g. upa āśāḥ, towards the regions) upa : near to, at, on, upon upa : at the time of, upon, up to, in, above (with loc., e.g. upa sānuṣu, on the tops of the mountains) upa : with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst., e.g. upa dharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] , besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.; upa : [cf. Zd. upa; Gk. ὑπό; Lat. sub; Goth. uf; Old Germ. oba; Mod. Germ. ob in Obdach, obliegen, &c.] 🔎 úpa | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 1.164.26 | hvaye | √hū- hū : weak form of √ hve, p. 1308. hū : mfn. calling, invoking (see indra-, deva-, pitṛ-hū &c.) hū : ind. an exclamation of contempt, grief &c. (hū hū, the yelling of a jackal, [VarBṛS.]) 🔎 √hū- | rootSGPRSMED1IND |
| 1.164.26 | sudúghām | sudúgha- sudugha : su—dúgha mf(A)n. milking well or easily, yielding much, abundant, bountiful, [RV.]; [AV.] 🔎 sudúgha- | nominal stemSGFACC |
| 1.164.26 | dhenúm | dhenú- dhenu : dhenú mfn. milch, yielding or giving milk dhenu : dhenú f. a milch cow or any cow, [RV.] &c. &c. (ifc. of names of animals also denoting the female of any species of khaḍga-, go-, vaḍava-) dhenu : any offering or present to Brāhmans instead or in the shape of a cow (mostly ifc. [cf. ghṛta-, jala-, tila- &c.], where it also forms diminutives; cf. asi-, khaḍga-) dhenu : metaph. = the earth, [MBh. xiii, 3165] dhenu : pl. any beverage made of milk, [RV. iv, 22, 6] &c. dhenu : dhenú n. N. of a Sāman, [ĀrṣBr.] (also marutāṃ dh° and dhenu-payasī du.) 🔎 dhenú- | nominal stemSGFACC |
| 1.164.26 | etā́m | eṣá eṣa : eṣá mfn. gliding, running, hastening, [RV.] eṣa : eṣá (nom. m. of etád, q.v.) eṣa : éṣa mfn. (fr. √ iṣ) ifc. seeking, [ŚBr. xiii] eṣa : éṣa m. the act of seeking or going after, [RV. x, 48, 9] eṣa : (eṣá), wish, option, [RV. i, 180, 4], (cf. svaīṣá) eṣa : [cf. Zd. aêsha; O. H. G. ērā.] 🔎 eṣá | pronounSGFACC |
| 1.164.26 | suhástaḥ | suhásta- suhasta : su—hásta mf(A)n. having beautiful hands, [RV.]; [TS.] suhasta : skilful or clever with the hands, [RV.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.] suhasta : trained in arms, disciplined, [L.] suhasta : su—hásta m. N. of a Soma-keeper, [VS.] suhasta : of a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, [MBh.] 🔎 suhásta- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 1.164.26 | godhúk | godúh- goduh : go—dúh m(nom. -Duk)fn. ([Pāṇ. iii, 2, 61]) a milkman or milkmaid, cowherd, [RV. i, 4, 1] and [164, 26]; [viii, 52, 4]; [AV. vii, 73, 6]; [Pāṇ. v, 1, 5], [Kāś.] goduh : go-dúh &c. See [ib.] 🔎 godúh- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 1.164.26 | utá uta : mfn. (fr. √ ve, q.v.), sewn, woven. uta : utá ind. and, also, even, or, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.] &c. uta : often used for the sake of emphasis, especially at the end of a line after iti or a verb (e.g. sarva-bhūtāni tam pārtha sadā paribhavanty uta, all creatures, O king, certainly always despise him, [MBh. iii, 1026]), [MBh.]; [Bhag.] &c. (As an interrogative particle, generally at the beginning of the second or following part of a double interrogation) or, utrum-an (e.g. katham nirṇīyate kiṃ syān niṣkāraṇo bandhur uta viśvāsa-ghātakaḥ, how can it be decided whether he be a friend without a motive or a violator of confidence? [Hit.]), [Kum.]; [Kathās.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [Sāh.] &c. uta : in this sense it may be strengthened by āho (e.g. kaccit tvam asi mānuṣī utāho surāṅganā, art thou a mortal woman or divine? Nala), or by āho-svit (e.g. śālihotraḥ kiṃ nu syād utāhosvid rājā nalaḥ, can it be Śālihotra or king Nala?) Rarely kim is repeated before used in this sense (e.g. kim nu svargāt prāptā tasyā rūpeṇa kimutānyāgatā, has she arrived from heaven or has another come in her form? [Mṛcch.]), [Amar.]; [MBh.] &c. (As a particle of wishing, especially at the beginning of a sentence followed by a potential) would that! utinam! (e.g. utādhīyīta, would that he would read!) ( preceded by kim) on the contrary, how much more, how much less (e.g. samartho 'si sahasram api jetuṃ kimutaikam, thou art able to conquer even a thousand, how much more one, [R.]), [Śak.]; [Vikr.]; [Ragh.] &c. ( preceded by prati) on the contrary, rather (e.g. eṣa pṛṣṭo 'smābhir na jalpati hanti praty-uta pāṣāṇaiḥ, this one questioned by us does not speak, but rather throws stones at us), [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.] &c. uta : uta vā, or else, and (e.g. samudrād uta vā purīṣāt, from the sea or from the moisture in the air) uta : vā — uta vā or utāho vāpi — vā, either — or uta : — , both — and (e.g. uta balavān utābalaḥ, both the strong and the weak) uta : kim — uta vā, whether — or else. uta : mfn. woven &c. See 1. , p. 175, col. 2. 🔎 utá | utá uta : mfn. (fr. √ ve, q.v.), sewn, woven. uta : utá ind. and, also, even, or, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.] &c. uta : often used for the sake of emphasis, especially at the end of a line after iti or a verb (e.g. sarva-bhūtāni tam pārtha sadā paribhavanty uta, all creatures, O king, certainly always despise him, [MBh. iii, 1026]), [MBh.]; [Bhag.] &c. (As an interrogative particle, generally at the beginning of the second or following part of a double interrogation) or, utrum-an (e.g. katham nirṇīyate kiṃ syān niṣkāraṇo bandhur uta viśvāsa-ghātakaḥ, how can it be decided whether he be a friend without a motive or a violator of confidence? [Hit.]), [Kum.]; [Kathās.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [Sāh.] &c. uta : in this sense it may be strengthened by āho (e.g. kaccit tvam asi mānuṣī utāho surāṅganā, art thou a mortal woman or divine? Nala), or by āho-svit (e.g. śālihotraḥ kiṃ nu syād utāhosvid rājā nalaḥ, can it be Śālihotra or king Nala?) Rarely kim is repeated before used in this sense (e.g. kim nu svargāt prāptā tasyā rūpeṇa kimutānyāgatā, has she arrived from heaven or has another come in her form? [Mṛcch.]), [Amar.]; [MBh.] &c. (As a particle of wishing, especially at the beginning of a sentence followed by a potential) would that! utinam! (e.g. utādhīyīta, would that he would read!) ( preceded by kim) on the contrary, how much more, how much less (e.g. samartho 'si sahasram api jetuṃ kimutaikam, thou art able to conquer even a thousand, how much more one, [R.]), [Śak.]; [Vikr.]; [Ragh.] &c. ( preceded by prati) on the contrary, rather (e.g. eṣa pṛṣṭo 'smābhir na jalpati hanti praty-uta pāṣāṇaiḥ, this one questioned by us does not speak, but rather throws stones at us), [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.] &c. uta : uta vā, or else, and (e.g. samudrād uta vā purīṣāt, from the sea or from the moisture in the air) uta : vā — uta vā or utāho vāpi — vā, either — or uta : — , both — and (e.g. uta balavān utābalaḥ, both the strong and the weak) uta : kim — uta vā, whether — or else. uta : mfn. woven &c. See 1. , p. 175, col. 2. 🔎 utá | invariable |
| 1.164.26 | dohat | √duh- duh : cl. 1. P. dohati, to pain, [Dhātup.] duh : (orig. dugh cf. dúghāna, dugha &c., and the initial dh of some forms) cl. 2. P. Ā. dogdhi; dugdhe or duhé, [RV.] &c. (pl. Ā. duhaté, [ix, 19, 5] &c.; duhrate, [i, 134, 6] &c.; duhré, [vii, 101, 1] &c.; impf. P. ádhok, [iii, 19, 7]; duhúr, [ii, 34, 10] &c.; Ā. adugdha [according to [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 73] aor.] pl. aduhran, [AV. viii, 10, 14]; 3. sg. aduha, pl. °hra, [MaitrS.] [cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 1, 8]; [41], [Kāś.]]; Impv. dhukṣva, [RV.]; [AV.]; 3 sg. duhā́m, [RV. i, 164, 27]; pl. duhrā́m, °rátām, [AV.]; dhuṅgdhvam, [ĀśvŚr.]; Subj. dohat [3. pl. °hān, [Br.]], °hate, [RV.]; Pot. duhīyat, [RV. ii, 11, 21]; °yán, [i, 120, 9]; Ā. °hīta, [ii, 18, 8]; p. P. duhát Ā. duhāná, dúhāna, and dúgh°, [RV.]; cl. 6. P. Ā. duháti, °te, [RV.] &c.; cl. 4. duhyati, °te, [MBh.]; pf. dudóha [°hitha, [RV. ii, 3, 16]], duduhé, 3. pl. duduhur [dudūhur, [BhP. v, 15, 9]] [RV.] &c.; Ā. duduhre, [RV. iii, 57, 2] &c.[[ix, 70, 1]; [SV.] °hrire]; fut. dhokṣyati, °te, [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 37], [Kāś.]; aor. ádhukṣat, °ṣata [3. sg. [ix, 2, 3] pl. [110, 8]], adukṣat, [i, 33, 10]; dukṣata, 3. sg. [i, 160, 3]; Impv. dhukṣásva, [RV.]; Pot. dhukṣīmáhi, [TS., i, 6, 4, 3]; inf. dogdhum, [MBh.] &c.; dogdhos, [ŚBr.]; duhádhyai and doháse, [RV.]; ind.p. dugdhvā, [ŚBr.]) to milk (a cow or an udder) fig. take advantage of (cf. ἀμέλγεσθαι), enjoy; to milk or squeeze out, extract (milk, Soma, e.g. any good thing); draw anything out of another thing (with 2 acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (mostly Ā.) to give milk, yield any desired object (acc., rarely gen.), [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. duhyáte aor. adohi ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 63], [Kāś.]) to be milked, to be drawn or extracted from, [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. doháyati, °te aor. adūduhat Pass. dohyáte, to cause to milk or be milked; to milk, milk out, extract, [ŚBr.]; [Vait.]; [Mn.]; [BhP.] : Desid. dúdukṣati ([RV.]), dudhukṣati ([Bhartṛ. ii, 38] cf. dudhukṣu), to wish to milk. duh : mfn. (nom. dhuk) milking duh : yielding, granting (cf. kāma-, go- &c.) 🔎 √duh- | rootSGPRSACT3SBJV |
| 1.164.26 | enām | ena- ena : a pronom. base (used for certain cases of the 3rd personal pronoun, thus in the acc. sing. du. pl. [enam, enām, enad, &c.], inst. sing. [enena, enayā] gen. loc. du. [enayos, Ved. enos]; the other cases are formed fr. the pronom. base a See under idam), he, she, it ena : this, that, (this pronoun is enclitic and cannot begin a sentence; it is generally used alone, so that enam puruṣam, ‘that man’, would be very unusual if not incorrect. Grammarians assert that the substitution of enam &c. for imam or etam &c. takes place when something is referred to which has already been mentioned in a previous part of the sentence; see [Gr. 223] and [836]) ena : [cf. Gk. ἕν, οἷος; Goth. ains; Old Pruss. ains; Lat. oinos, unus.] ena : and enā, Ved. instr. of idam, q.v. ena : (cf. eṇa), a stag. See an-ena. 🔎 ena- | pronounSGFACC |
| 1.164.26 | śréṣṭham | śréṣṭha- śreṣṭha : śréṣṭha mf(A)n. most splendid or beautiful, most beautiful of or among (with gen.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [R.] śreṣṭha : most excellent, best, first, chief (n. ‘the best or chief thing’), best of or among or in respect of or in (with gen. loc., or comp.), [RV.] &c. &c. śreṣṭha : better, more, distinguished, superior, better than (abl. or gen.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. śreṣṭha : most auspicious or salutary, [VarBṛS.] śreṣṭha : oldest, senior, [W.] śreṣṭha : śréṣṭha m. a king, [L.] śreṣṭha : a Brāhman, [L.] śreṣṭha : N. of Viṣṇu or Kubera, [L.] śreṣṭha : N. of a king, [Buddh.] śreṣṭha : śréṣṭha n. cow's milk, [L.] śreṣṭha : copper, [L.] 🔎 śréṣṭha- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 1.164.26 | savám | savá- 1 sava : savá m. (fr. √ 3. su) pressing out the juice of the Soma plant, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.] sava : pouring it out, [L.] sava : the moon, [L.] sava : savá n. the juice or honey of flowers, [L.] sava : savá m. (fr. √ 1. sū) one who sets in motion or impels, an instigator, stimulator, commander, [VS.]; [ŚBr.] sava : savá m. the sun (cf. savitṛ), [L.] sava : setting in motion, vivification, instigation, impulse, command, order (esp. applied to the activity of Savitṛ; dat. savā́ya, ‘for setting in motion’), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [TBr.] sava : N. of partic. initiatory rites, inauguration, consecration, [Br.] sava : a kind of sacrifice, [Kauś.] sava : any sacrifice, [MBh.] sava : a year (?), [BhP.] (see bahu-s°). sava : m. (fr. √ 2. sū) offspring, progeny, [L.] 🔎 savá- 1 | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 1.164.26 | savitā́ | savitár- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 1.164.26 | sāviṣat | √sū- 1 sū : (not separable in all forms fr. √ 2. ; cf. su-ṣū́, asu-sū, and √ 4. su) cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 115]) suváti (in [Br.] also °te, and accord. to [Dhātup. xxii, 43] and [xxiv, 32] also savati and -sauti; pf. suṣuvé, [AV.]; p. suṣuvāṇá, q.v.; aor. asāvīt, sāviṣat, [RV.] : Pass. sūyáte, [Br.] &c.), to set in motion, urge, impel, vivify, create, produce, [RV.] &c. &c.; to hurl upon, [Bhaṭṭ.]; to grant, bestow (esp. said of Savitṛ), [RV.]; to appoint or consecrate to (Ā. ‘to let one's self be consecrated’), [AV.]; [TS.]; to allow, authorize, [ŚBr.] : Intens. soṣavīti, to urge or impel violently (said of Savitṛ), [RV.] sū : (cf. 1. and √ 5. su) cl. 2. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 21]) sūte (1. sg. pr. suve, 3. sg. impf. asūta; in later language also sūyate [[xxvi, 31]] and in comp. with pra also -savati and -sauti [cf. [xxiv, 31]]; pf. sasūva, [RV.]; suṣuvé, [AV.] &c.; susāva, [MBh.] &c.; aor. asuṣot, [MaitrS.]; °ṣavuḥ, [TBr.]; asoṣṭa, [ChUp.]; asauṣīt and asaviṣṭa Gr.; fut. sotā, savitā, [ib.]; soṣyáti, °te, [Br.] &c.; saviṣyati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; p. f. sū́ṣyantī, [RV.]; soṣyántī [s.v.] [ŚBr.] ; inf. sū́tave, [RV.]; sūtavaí, [AV.]; sávitave, [ib.]; sotum or savitum Gr.; ind.p. sūtvā́, [Br.]; -sūya, [MBh.] &c.; -sútya, [ŚBr.]), to beget, procreate, bring forth, bear, produce, yield, [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. sūyate (aor. asāvi), to be begotten or brought forth, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Caus. sāvayati Gr.: Desid. susūṣati, [ib.] sū : mfn. begetting, procreating, bringing forth, producing (mostly ifc.; see a-, ambhaḥ-, karṇa-sū &c.) sū : m. one who begets, a father, [RV.]; [VS.] sū : a mother, [RV. i, 32, 9] sū : child-bearing, parturition, [W.] sū : [cf. Gk. ὗς, σῦς; Lat. sus; Angl.Sax. sû; Eng. sow; Germ. Sau.] sū : ind., Ved. and in some comp. = su, well, good &c. (cf. sū-nara, sū-nṛta &c.) 🔎 √sū- 1 | rootSGAORACT3SBJV |
| 1.164.26 | naḥ | ahám aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c. aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.] aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az]. 🔎 ahám | pronounPLDAT |
| 1.164.26 | abhī̀ddhaḥ | √idh- 1 | rootSGMNOMnon-finite:PTCP-talocal particle:LP |
| 1.164.26 | gharmáḥ | gharmá- gharma : gharmá m. (√ 2. ghṛ) heat, warmth (of the sun or of fire), sunshine, [RV.]; [AV.] &c. gharma : the hot season, [R. i, 63, 24]; [Ragh. xvi, 43]; [VarBṛS.] gharma : internal heat, [R. ii, 75, 45] (v.l.) gharma : perspiration, [L.] gharma : day (opposed to night), [Jyot. (YV) 9] gharma : a cauldron, boiler, esp. the vessel in which the milk-offering to the Aśvins is boiled, [RV.]; [AV. vii]; [VS. viii, 61]; [AitBr. i]; [ŚBr. xiv]; [Lāṭy.] gharma : a cavity in the earth shaped like a cauldron (from which Atri was rescued by the Aśvins; ‘heat’, [Gmn.]), [RV.] gharma : hot milk or any other hot beverage offered as an oblation (esp. to the Aśvins), [RV.]; [AV. iv, 1, 2]; [VS. xxxviii]; [ŚBr. iv], [xiv]; [KātyŚr.]; [ĀśvŚr.] gharma : N. of Tāpasa (author of [RV. x, 114]) gharma : of Saurya (author of [181, 3]) gharma : of a son of Anu (father of Ghṛta), [Hariv. 1840] (v.l.) gharma : [cf. θερμός, θέρμη; Lat. formus; Zd. garĕma; Goth. varmya; Germ. warm.] 🔎 gharmá- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 1.164.26 | tát tat : for tád. See col. 3. tat : , 1. tatá. See √ tan tat : in comp. for tád. tat : mfn. ifc. See parī- tat : cf. purī-tát. 🔎 tát | sá- ~ tá- sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin). sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯) sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2). sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake sa : air, wind sa : a bird sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva sa : n. knowledge sa : meditation sa : a carriage road sa : a fence. sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá). sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c. sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.] sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’ sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c. sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.] sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2. sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : 🔎 sá- ~ tá- | pronounSGNACC |
| 1.164.26 | u u : the fifth letter and third short vowel of the alphabet, pronounced as the u in full. u : ind. an interjection of compassion, anger, [L.] u : a particle implying assent, calling, command, [L.] u : ind. an enclitic copula used frequently in the Vedas; u : (as a particle implying restriction and antithesis, generally after pronominals, prepositions, particles, and before nu and su, equivalent to) and, also, further; on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative, e.g. ya u, he on the contrary who &c.) u : This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id and eva, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu, vai, hi, cid, &c. (e.g. ayám u vām purutámo … johavīti [[RV. iii, 62, 2]], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you &c.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (e.g. tám u stuṣa índram tám gṛṇīṣe [[RV. ii, 20, 4]], him I praise, Indra, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English ‘now’ (e.g. tád u táthā ná kuryāt [[ŚBr. v, 2, 2, 3]], that now he should not do in such a manner), and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (e.g. ká u tác ciketa [[RV. i, 164, 48]], who, I ask, should know that?) u : Pāṇini calls this particle uñ to distinguish it from the interrogative . In the Pada-pāṭha it is written ūm. u : In the classical language occurs only after atha, na, and kim, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (see kim); u : — or — uta, on the one hand — on the other hand; partly — partly; as well — as. u : cl. 5. P. unoti (see vy-u, [RV. v, 31, 1]) : cl. 2. Ā. (1. sg. uvé, [RV. x, 86, 7]) : cl. 1. Ā. avate, [Dhātup.]; to call to, hail; to roar, bellow (see also ota = ā-uta). u : m. N. of Śiva u : also of Brahman, [L.] 🔎 u | u u : the fifth letter and third short vowel of the alphabet, pronounced as the u in full. u : ind. an interjection of compassion, anger, [L.] u : a particle implying assent, calling, command, [L.] u : ind. an enclitic copula used frequently in the Vedas; u : (as a particle implying restriction and antithesis, generally after pronominals, prepositions, particles, and before nu and su, equivalent to) and, also, further; on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative, e.g. ya u, he on the contrary who &c.) u : This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id and eva, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu, vai, hi, cid, &c. (e.g. ayám u vām purutámo … johavīti [[RV. iii, 62, 2]], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you &c.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (e.g. tám u stuṣa índram tám gṛṇīṣe [[RV. ii, 20, 4]], him I praise, Indra, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English ‘now’ (e.g. tád u táthā ná kuryāt [[ŚBr. v, 2, 2, 3]], that now he should not do in such a manner), and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (e.g. ká u tác ciketa [[RV. i, 164, 48]], who, I ask, should know that?) u : Pāṇini calls this particle uñ to distinguish it from the interrogative . In the Pada-pāṭha it is written ūm. u : In the classical language occurs only after atha, na, and kim, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (see kim); u : — or — uta, on the one hand — on the other hand; partly — partly; as well — as. u : cl. 5. P. unoti (see vy-u, [RV. v, 31, 1]) : cl. 2. Ā. (1. sg. uvé, [RV. x, 86, 7]) : cl. 1. Ā. avate, [Dhātup.]; to call to, hail; to roar, bellow (see also ota = ā-uta). u : m. N. of Śiva u : also of Brahman, [L.] 🔎 u | invariable |
| 1.164.26 | sú su : cl. 1. P. Ā. savati, °te, to go, move, [Dhātup. xxii, 42] ([Vop.] sru). su : (= √ 1. sū) cl. 1. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 43] and [xxiv, 32]; savati, sauti, only in 3. sg. pr. sauti and 2. sg. Impv. suhi) to urge, impel, incite, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to possess supremacy, [Dhātup.] su : cl. 5. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 1]) sunóti, sunute (in [RV.] 3. pl. sunvánti, sunviré [with pass. sense] and suṣvati; p. sunvát or sunvāná [the latter with act. and pass. sense] [ib.]; pf. suṣāva, suṣuma &c., [ib.]; [MBh.]; p. in Veda suṣuvás and suṣvāṇá [the later generally with pass. sense; accord. to [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 106], also suṣuvāṇa with act. sense]; aor. accord. to Gr. asāvīt or asauṣīt, asoṣṭa or asaviṣṭa; in [RV.] also Impv. sótu, sutám, and p. [mostly pass.] suvāná [but the spoken form is svāná and so written in [SV.], suv° in [RV.]]; and 3. pl. asuṣavuḥ, [AitBr.]; fut. sotā, [ib.]; soṣyati, [KātyŚr.]; saviṣyati, [ŚBr.]; inf. sótave, sótos, [RV.] : [Br.]; sotum Gr.; ind.p. -sútya, [Br.]; -sūya, [MBh.]), to press out, extract (esp. the juice from the Soma plant for libations), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Up.]; [MBh.]; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits &c.) Sch. on [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 132] : Pass. sūyáte (in [RV.] also Ā. 3. sg. sunve and 3. pl. sunviré with pass. sense; aor. ásāvi, [ib.]) : Caus. -sāvayati or -ṣāvayati (see abhi-ṣu and pra-√ su; aor. asūṣavat, accord. to some asīṣavat) Gr.: Desid. of Caus. suṣāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. susūṣati, °te, [ib.] : Intens. soṣūyate, soṣavīti, soṣoti, [ib.] su : (= √ 2. sū), (only in 3. sg. sauti See pra-√ sū) to beget, bring forth. su : sú ind. (opp. to dus and corresponding in sense to Gk. εὖ; perhaps connected with 1. vásu, and, accord. to some, with pron. base sa, as ku with ka; in Veda also sū́ and liable to become ṣu or ṣū and to lengthen a preceding vowel, while a following na may become ṇa; it may be used as an adj. or adv.), good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much, greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; esp. with u, = ‘forthwith, immediately’; with mo i.e. mā u, = ‘never, by no means’ ; sú kam often emphatically with an Impv., e.g. tíṣṭhā sú kam maghavan mā́ parā gāḥ, ‘do tarry O Maghavan, go not past’, [RV. iii, 53, 2]; always qualifies the meaning of a verb and is never used independently at the beginning of a verse; in later language it is rarely a separate word, but is mostly prefixed to substantives, adjectives, adverbs and participles, exceptionally also to an ind.p., e.g. su-baddhvā, ‘having well bound’, [Mṛcch. x, 50]; or even to a finite verb, e.g. su-nirvavau, [Śiś. vi, 58]), [RV.] &c.; su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following, in which the initial ṣ stands for an orig. s) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) 🔎 sú | sú su : cl. 1. P. Ā. savati, °te, to go, move, [Dhātup. xxii, 42] ([Vop.] sru). su : (= √ 1. sū) cl. 1. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 43] and [xxiv, 32]; savati, sauti, only in 3. sg. pr. sauti and 2. sg. Impv. suhi) to urge, impel, incite, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to possess supremacy, [Dhātup.] su : cl. 5. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 1]) sunóti, sunute (in [RV.] 3. pl. sunvánti, sunviré [with pass. sense] and suṣvati; p. sunvát or sunvāná [the latter with act. and pass. sense] [ib.]; pf. suṣāva, suṣuma &c., [ib.]; [MBh.]; p. in Veda suṣuvás and suṣvāṇá [the later generally with pass. sense; accord. to [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 106], also suṣuvāṇa with act. sense]; aor. accord. to Gr. asāvīt or asauṣīt, asoṣṭa or asaviṣṭa; in [RV.] also Impv. sótu, sutám, and p. [mostly pass.] suvāná [but the spoken form is svāná and so written in [SV.], suv° in [RV.]]; and 3. pl. asuṣavuḥ, [AitBr.]; fut. sotā, [ib.]; soṣyati, [KātyŚr.]; saviṣyati, [ŚBr.]; inf. sótave, sótos, [RV.] : [Br.]; sotum Gr.; ind.p. -sútya, [Br.]; -sūya, [MBh.]), to press out, extract (esp. the juice from the Soma plant for libations), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Up.]; [MBh.]; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits &c.) Sch. on [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 132] : Pass. sūyáte (in [RV.] also Ā. 3. sg. sunve and 3. pl. sunviré with pass. sense; aor. ásāvi, [ib.]) : Caus. -sāvayati or -ṣāvayati (see abhi-ṣu and pra-√ su; aor. asūṣavat, accord. to some asīṣavat) Gr.: Desid. of Caus. suṣāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. susūṣati, °te, [ib.] : Intens. soṣūyate, soṣavīti, soṣoti, [ib.] su : (= √ 2. sū), (only in 3. sg. sauti See pra-√ sū) to beget, bring forth. su : sú ind. (opp. to dus and corresponding in sense to Gk. εὖ; perhaps connected with 1. vásu, and, accord. to some, with pron. base sa, as ku with ka; in Veda also sū́ and liable to become ṣu or ṣū and to lengthen a preceding vowel, while a following na may become ṇa; it may be used as an adj. or adv.), good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much, greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; esp. with u, = ‘forthwith, immediately’; with mo i.e. mā u, = ‘never, by no means’ ; sú kam often emphatically with an Impv., e.g. tíṣṭhā sú kam maghavan mā́ parā gāḥ, ‘do tarry O Maghavan, go not past’, [RV. iii, 53, 2]; always qualifies the meaning of a verb and is never used independently at the beginning of a verse; in later language it is rarely a separate word, but is mostly prefixed to substantives, adjectives, adverbs and participles, exceptionally also to an ind.p., e.g. su-baddhvā, ‘having well bound’, [Mṛcch. x, 50]; or even to a finite verb, e.g. su-nirvavau, [Śiś. vi, 58]), [RV.] &c.; su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following). su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following, in which the initial ṣ stands for an orig. s) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) : su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) 🔎 sú | invariable |
| 1.164.26 | prá pra : prá ind. before pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40]) pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c. pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.] pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-) pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-). 🔎 prá | prá pra : prá ind. before pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40]) pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c. pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.] pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-) pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-). 🔎 prá | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 1.164.26 | vocam | √vac- vac : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 55]) vakti (occurs only in sg. vacmi, vakṣi, vakti, and Impv. vaktu; Ved. also cl. 3. P. vívakti; pf. uvā́ca, ūj, [RV.] &c. &c.; uváktha, [AV.]; vavāca, vavakṣé, [RV.]; aor. avocat, °cata, [RV.] &c. &c.; in Veda also Subj. vocati, °te, vecāti; Pot. vocét, °ceta; Impv. vocatu; Prec. ucyāsam, [Br.]; fut. vaktā́, [ib.] &c.; vakṣyáti, [RV.] &c. &c.; °te, [MBh.]; Cond. avakṣyat, [Br.]; [Up.]; inf. váktum, [Br.] &c.; °tave, [RV.]; °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. uktvā́, [Br.] &c.; -úcya, [ib.]), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with acc. with or without prati dat. or gen. of pers., and acc. of thing; often with double acc., e.g. tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca, ‘he spoke this speech to him’; with double acc. also ‘to name, call’, Ā. with nom. ‘one's self’; with punar, ‘to speak again, repeat’; or ‘to answer, reply’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to reproach, revile (acc.), [Hariv.]; [R.] : Pass. ucyáte (aor. avāci, or in later language avoci), to be spoken or said or told or uttered &c., [RV.] &c. &c. (yad ucyate, ‘what the saying is’); to resound, [RV.]; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (nom., [L.] also loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. vācayati, °te (Pot. vācayīta, [ĀśvGṛ.]; aor. avīvacat; Pass. vācyate), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with double acc.; often the object is to be supplied), [Br.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause anything written or printed to speak i.e. to read out loud, [Hariv.]; [Kāv.]; [Kathās.] &c.; ([Dhātup. xxxiv, 35]) to say, tell, declare, [Bhaṭṭ.]; to promise, [MBh.] : Desid. vivakṣati, °te (Pass. vivakṣyate), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (Pass.) to be meant, [Śaṃk.]; [Sarvad.] : Intens. (only ávāvacīt) to call or cry aloud, [RV. x, 102, 6.] vac : [cf. Gk. ἐπ for ϝεπ in ἔπος, εῖπον, ὄψ, ὄσσα &c.; Lat. vocare, vox; Germ. gi-waht, gi-wahinnen, er-wähnen.] 🔎 √vac- | rootSGAORACT1INJ |