yama : yáma m. a rein, curb, bridle, [RV. v, 61, 2]

yama : a driver, charioteer, [ib.] [viii, 103, 10]

yama : the act of checking or curbing, suppression, restraint (with vācām, restraint of words, silence), [BhP.]

yama : self-control forbearance, any great moral rule or duty (as opp. to niyama, a minor observance; in [Yājñ. iii, 313] ten Yamas are mentioned, sometimes only five), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

yama : (in Yoga) self-restraint (as the first of the eight Aṅgas or means of attaining mental concentration), [IW. 93]

yama : any rule or observance, [PārGṛ.]

yama : yamá mf(A/ or I/)n. twin-born, twin, forming a pair, [RV.] &c. &c.

yama : yáma m. a twin, one of a pair or couple, a fellow (du. ‘the twins’, N. of the Aśvins and of their twin children by Mādrī, called Nakula and Saha-deva; yamau mithunau, twins of different sex), [ib.]

yama : a symbolical N. for the number ‘two’, [Hcat.]

yama : N. of the god who presides over the Pitṛs (q.v.) and rules the spirits of the dead, [RV.] &c. &c., [IW. 18]; [197], [198] &c.; [RTL. 10]; [16]; [289] &c. (he is regarded as the first of men and born from Vivasvat, ‘the Sun’, and his wife Saraṇyū; while his brother, the seventh Manu, another form of the first man, is the son of Vivasvat and Saṃjñā, the image of Saraṇyū; his twin-sister is Yamī, with whom he resists sexual alliance, but by whom he is mourned after his death, so that the gods, to make her forget her sorrow, create night; in the Veda he is called a king or saṃgamano janānām, ‘the gatherer of men’, and rules over the departed fathers in heaven, the road to which is guarded by two broad-nosed, four-eyed, spotted dogs, the children of Śaramā q.v.; in Post-vedic mythology he is the appointed Judge and ‘Restrainer’ or ‘Punisher’ of the dead, in which capacity he is also called dharmarāja or dharma and corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos; his abode is in some region of the lower world called Yama-pura; thither a soul when it leaves the body, is said to repair, and there, after the recorder, Citra-gupta, has read an account of its actions kept in a book called Agra-saṃdhānā, it receives a just sentence; in [MBh.] Yama is described as dressed in blood-red garments, with a glittering form, a crown on his head, glowing eyes and like Varuṇa, holding a noose, with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body, in size about the measure of a man's thumb; he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect, green in colour, clothed in red, riding on a buffalo, and holding a club in one hand and noose in the other; in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures, called yātanā, on departed spirits ; he is also one of the 8 guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter; he is the regent of the Nakṣatra Apa-bharaṇī or Bharaṇī, the supposed author of [RV. x, 10]; [14], of a hymn to Viṣṇu and of a law-book; yamasyārkaḥ N. of a Sāman, [ĀrṣBr.])

yama : N. of the planet Saturn (regarded as the son of Vivasvat and Chāyā), [Hariv.]; [BhP.]

yama : of one of Skanda's attendants (mentioned together with Ati-yama), [MBh.]

yama : a crow, [L.] (cf. -dūtaka)

yama : a bad horse (whose limbs are either too small or too large), [L.]

yama : yáma n. a pair, brace, couple, [L.]

yama : (in gram.) a twin-letter (the consonant interposed and generally understood, but not written in practice, between a nasal immediately preceded by one of the four other consonants in each class), [Prāt.]; [Pat.] on [Pāṇ. i, 1, 8]

yama : pitch of the voice, tone of utterance, key, [Prāt.]

dā : f. id., [L.]

dā : f. id., [L.]

dā : f. heat, pain, [L.]

dā : cl. 3. dádāti (pl. °dati, [RV.] &c.; Ā. datte, [Pañcat. i, 4, 19/20] [12, 7]; [Subh.]; 1. sg. dadmi, [MBh. xii]; [Hariv.]; [R. i f.]; Impv. dádātu pl. °dahu; 2. sg. daddhí, [RV. i f.]; [iv], [vi], [viii], [x]; dehí [[Pāṇ. vi, 4, 119]] [RV. iii f.], [viii], [x]; [AV. v], [xviii f.] &c. ; 2. pl. dádāta, [RV. vii, 57, 6], °tana, [x, 36, 10], dattá, [51, 8]; [VS.]; [AV.] &c.; 2. du. °ttám, [RV. i, 34, 6]; [AV.] &c.; Pot. dadyā́t, [AV.] &c.; impf. ádadāt; pl. ádadur, [RV. vi], [x]; [AV. v, 18, 1]; 2. du. ádattam, [RV.] &c.; 2. pl. °ttana, [i, 139, 7], ádadāta, [x, 64, 12]; Subj. dádat, [ii], [v], [vii f.], [x], °das, [vii f.] °dan, [AV. vi, 24, 1] p. m. nom. sg. dádat pl. °tas, [RV.] &c.; p. Ā. dádāna, [v, 33, 9]; °ná, [i, 148, 2]; [v, 2, 3]; sg. dadati, [ii, 35, 10]; [MBh. iii, 13422]; pl. °danti, [xii f.]; Impv. °da, [ix]; [MārkP.]; °data, [Siṃhās.]; Pot. °det, [Parāś. vi, 19]; impf. ádadat, [AV. xii, 4, 23]; [MBh.]; [R.]; Ā. sg. dádate, [RV. i, 24, 7]; [AV. x, 8, 36]; pl. °dante, [35]; [VS. viii, 31]; Impv. sg. °datām, [RV. iii, 53, 17]; °dasva, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.; impf. pl. ádadanta, [RV. vii, 33, 11]; [AV. xiv]; p. dádamāna, [RV. i, 41, 9]; [iv, 26, 6]; aor. ádāt [[Pāṇ. ii, 4, 77]], dat, ádur, dúr &c.; Subj. 2. du. dāsathas, [RV. viii, 40, 1] [cf. [Naigh. ii, 30]]; Pot. 1. pl. deṣma, [VS. ii, 32]; pf. dadaú, °dúr, °dáthur, °datur, °dó, [RV.] &c.; Pass. °dé, [iv, 34] & [37]; [AV. x, 2, 16]; dadade, °dāte, °dire, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 126], [Kāś.]; p. gen. dadúṣas, [RV. i], [viii], °ṣām, [vi]; nom. °dvā́n, [x, 132, 3]; °dāvan, [AV. v, 11, 1]; acc. °divā́ṃsam, [ix, 5, 10] [cf. [Vop. xxvi, 133]]; fut. p. dāsyát, [AV. vi, 71, 3]; Ā. °syate, °syante, 1. sg. °sye, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [R.]; [MārkP.]; Prec. deyāt, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 67]; inf. dāváne, [RV.]; dā́tos, [vii, 4, 6]; °tave, [vii]-[ix]; [AV. iii, 20, 5]; dā́tavaí [[Pāṇ. vi, 1, 200]; [Siddh.]] [RV. iv, 21, 9]; °tum, [v]; [AV.] &c.: ind.p. dattvā́ya [[Pāṇ. vii, 1, 47], [Kāś.]] [RV. x, 85, 33]; °ttvā́, [AV.] &c.; -dā́ya [[Pāṇ. vi, 4, 69]] [RV.] &c.: Pass. dīyate [[Pāṇ. vi, 4, 62]]; p. °yámāna, [AV. ix]; aor. adāyi, [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 33], [Kāś.]; Prec. dāsīṣṭa, dāyis°, [vi, 4, 62]) cl. 1. dā́ti ([RV. iv]-[vii]; Impv. °tu, [15, 11]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 8], Vārtt. 3, [Pat.]; [ii, 4, 76], [Kāś.]) to give, bestow, grant, yield, impart, present, offer to (dat., in later language also gen. or loc.), [RV.] &c.; to give (a daughter, kanyām) in marriage, [Mn. v], [ix]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to hand over, [Mn. viii, 186] & [234]; (with haste), [Kathās.]; to give back, [222 f.]; [MBh. iii]; [Pañcat.]; [VP.]; [Kathās. lxxiv]; to pay (daṇḍam, ‘a fine’, [Mn. viii f.]; ṛṇam, ‘a debt’, [viii]; [Yājñ. ii, 45]); to give up, cede (āsanam, ‘one's seat’), [Mn. iv, 54]; (panthānam or mārgam, ‘to give up the road, allow to pass’), [viii, 275] & [R. v, 94, 8]; to sell (with instr. of the price), [i]; [Nal. xiv, 21]; [VarBṛS. xlii, 11]; to sacrifice (ātmānam, ‘one's self’, [Kathās. xxii, 227]; āt° khedāya, ‘to give one's self up to grief’, [v, 57]); to offer (an oblation &c.), [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [R.] &c.; to communicate, teach, utter (blessings, āśiṣas, [Śak.]; [MārkP.]), give (answer, prati-vacas, °canam, praty-uttaram, [Nal.]; [Śak.] &c.), speak (satyaṃ vacas, the truth, [Yājñ. ii, 200]; vacam, to address a speech to [dat.] [Śak. vi, 5]); to permit, allow (with inf.), [MBh. i]; [Śak. vi, 22]; to permit sexual intercourse, [ŚBr. xiv, 9, 4, 7]; to place, put, apply (in med.), [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to add, [Pañcat. ii, 6, 5]; [Sūryas.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Laghuj.]; with varam, ‘to grant a boon’, [ŚBr. xi]; [KātyŚr.]; [MBh.] &c.; śoham, ‘to cause grief’, [xiii]; [R. ii]; avakāśam, ‘to give room or space, allow to enter’, [Yājñ. ii, 276]; [Mṛcch.]; [Ragh.] &c.; prāṇān or jīvitam, ‘to spare any one's life’, [MBh.]; [Kathās. xviii, 275]; talam or °lān, to slap with the palms of the hands, [MBh. iii], [ix]; [Hariv. 15741]; °la-prahāram, to strike with the palm, [Pañcat. iv, 2, 0/1] tālam, to beat time with the hands, [MBh. i]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; saṃjñām, to make a sign, [Mṛcch.]; saṃketakam, to make an appointment, [Pañcat. ii, 4, 3/4] samayam, to propose an agreement, [Kathās. xviii, 139]; upamām, to compare with [gen.] [Cāṇ.]; paṭaham, to proclaim with the drum, [Kathās. lxxiii, 357]; śabdam, to make a noise, call out, [Vet. iv, 2/3]; śāpam, to utter a curse, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; gālīḥ. id., [Bhartṛ.]; anuyātram, to accompany, [Kathās. xviii, 197]; āliṅganane, parirambhaṇam, to embrace, [209]; [Gīt. iii, 8]; jhampam, to jump, [Hit.]; śrāddham, to perform a Śrāddha, [MBh. xiv]; [R. ii]; vratakam, to accomplish a vow, [Hariv.]; yuddham, niy°, saṃgrāmam, to give battle, fight with, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [R.]; ājñām, ādeśam, to give an order, command, [i]; [BrahmaP.]; [Vet.]; saṃdeśam, to give information, [Kathās. xvii, 161]; prayogam, to give a dramatic representation, [Mālav. i, 11/12] vṛtim, to fence in [Mn. viii, 240]; [Kull.]; darśanam, to show one's self, [Prab. iii, 0/1]; dṛṣṭim, dṛśam, akṣi, cakṣus, to fix the eyes on (loc.), [Śak. i, 6]; [Kathās.]; [Dhūrtas.]; [Śṛṅgārat.]; [Sāh.]; karṇam, to give ear, listen, [Śak.]; [Kathās.]; manas, to direct the mind to (loc.), [MBh. xii, 2526]; kare kapolam, to rest the cheek on the hand, [Kāraṇḍ. xviii, 73]; nigaḍāni to put on or apply fetters, [Mṛcch. vii, 6/7] pāvakam, to set on fire; agnīn to consume by fire, [Mn. v, 168]; śāram, to move a chess-man, [Daś. vii, 137]; argalam, to draw a bolt, bar, [Kathās.]; [Rājat. vi, 96]; jānu, to kneel upon (gen.), [MBh. iii f.]; padam, to tread upon [loc.] [Bhartṛ.]; [Hit. ii, 12, 25]; [SŚaṃkar. i, 38]; to direct the steps, [Amar. 74]; viṣam, to poison, [Pañcar. i, 14, 80] (with acc.!); garam id., [VP. iv, 3, 16] (with gen.); — Ā. to carry, hold, keep, preserve, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to show, [SV. i, 2, 1, 4, 7] (aor. adadiṣṭa; aded° fr. √ diś, [RV.]) : Caus. dāpayati ([Pāṇ. vii, 3, 36]; aor. adīdapat, [4, 1] and [58], [Kāś.]) to cause to give or be given, cause to bestow or present or give up, oblige to pay, make restore, [VS. ix, 24]; [AV. iii, 20, 8]; [Mn.] &c.; to demand from (abl.), [Mn. viii, 47]; to cause to utter or speak, [Hariv. 15782]; [Yājñ. ii, 6/7] ghoṣaṇām, to cause to be made known, [Kathās. lxiv, 86]; to cause to place or advance, [xii, 160]; to cause to perform, [v, 112] to cause to be put on (loc.), [MBh. i, 5724] : Desid. dítsati ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 54] and [58]; p. dídāsat, [RV. x, 151, 2]; dítsat, [ii], [vii]-[ix]; [AV. v, 7, 6]; [MBh.]; Pot. °tseyam, [RV. viii]; [MBh.]; pf. 2. sg. didāsitha, [AitBr. viii, 21]; [ŚāṅkhŚr. xvi, 16]; cf. [ŚBr. xiii, 7, 1, 15]) to wish to give, be ready to bestow, [RV.] &c.; to wish to give in marriage, [MBh.] &c.: Intens. dedīyate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 66], [Kāś.];

dā : [cf. δίδωμι; Lat. do; &c.]

dā : dā́ m. a giver, [RV. v, 41, 1] (dat. dé), [vi, 16, 26] (nom. dā́s)

dā : dā́ mfn. ifc. ‘giving, granting’, see an-aśva-, a-bhikṣa-, aśva-, ātma-, &c. -dā́; án-āśīr-.

dā : For √ do, to cut q.v.

dā : cl. 4. P. dyáti (cf. ā- √ ), to bind, only in dīṣva, [VS. xxxviii, 3] [cf. δέω δίδημι].

dā : For √ de, q.v.

dā : f. (√ de), protection, defence, [L.]

dā : For √ dai, q.v.

dā : f. (√ dai) cleansing, purifying, [L.]

trita : tritá m. ‘third’ (τρίτος), N. of a Vedic deity (associated with the Maruts, Vāyu, and Indra; fighting like the latter with Trita, Vṛtra, and other demons; called Āptya [q.v.], ‘water-deity’, and supposed to reside in the remotest regions of the world, whence [[RV. viii, 47, 13]-[15]; [AV.]] the idea of wishing to remove calamity to T°, and the view of the Tritas being the keepers of nectar [[RV. vi, 44, 23]], similarly, [L.] [[RV. ii, 34, 10]; [TS. i]; [TBr. i]] the notion of Trita's bestowing long life; also conceived as an inferior deity conquering the demons by order and with the help of Indra [[RV. ii]; [viii, 52, 1]; [x]]; fallen into a well he begged aid from the gods [[i, 105, 17]; [x, 8, 7]]; as to this last myth, [Sāy.] on [i, 105] relates that 3 Ṛṣis, Ekata, Dvita, and Trita, parched with thirst, looked about and found a well, and when T° began to draw water, the other two, desirous of his property, pushed him down and closed up the well with a wheel; shut up there, T° composed a hymn to the gods, and managed miraculously to prepare the sacrificial Soma, that he might drink it himself, or offer it to the deities and so be extricated: this is alluded to in [RV. ix, 34, 4] [cf. [32, 2]; [38, 2]; [102, 2]] and described in [MBh. ix, 2095]; also, [Nir. iv, 6] makes him a Ṛṣi, and he is the supposed author of [RV. i, 105]; [viii, 36]; [ix, 33 f.] and [102]; [x, 1]-[7]; in epic legends [[MBh. ix], [xii f.]] Ekata, Dvita, and T° are described as 3 brothers, sons of Gautama or of Prajā-pati or Brahmā; elsewhere T° is one of the 12 sons of Manu Cākṣuṣa by Naḍvalā, [BhP. iv, 13, 16]; cf. traitaná; Zend Thrita; Τρίτων, τριτο-γενής, &c.)

trita : tritá n. triplet of young (three-twin), [TS.], Sch.

ena : a pronom. base (used for certain cases of the 3rd personal pronoun, thus in the acc. sing. du. pl. [enam, enām, enad, &c.], inst. sing. [enena, enayā] gen. loc. du. [enayos, Ved. enos]; the other cases are formed fr. the pronom. base a See under idam), he, she, it

ena : this, that, (this pronoun is enclitic and cannot begin a sentence; it is generally used alone, so that enam puruṣam, ‘that man’, would be very unusual if not incorrect. Grammarians assert that the substitution of enam &c. for imam or etam &c. takes place when something is referred to which has already been mentioned in a previous part of the sentence; see [Gr. 223] and [836])

ena : [cf. Gk. ἕν, οἷος; Goth. ains; Old Pruss. ains; Lat. oinos, unus.]

ena : and enā, Ved. instr. of idam, q.v.

ena : (cf. eṇa), a stag. See an-ena.

yuj : (cf. √ 2. yu) cl. 7. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxix, 7]) yunákti, yuṅkté (ep. also yuñjati, °te; Ved. yojati, °te; yuje, yujmahe, 3. pl. yujata Impv. yukṣvá; Pot. yuñjīyāt, [R.]; pf. yuyója, yuyujé, [RV.] &c. &c., 3. sg. yuyojate, [RV. viii, 70, 7]; aor. Class. P. ayokṣīt, ayaukṣīt or ayujat; Ved. also Ā. áyuji; Ved. and Class. ayukṣi, ayukta; fut. yoktā́, [Br.]; yokṣyati, [ib.]; °te, [AV.] &c. &c.; inf. yoktum, [Br.]; yujé, [RV.]; ind.p. yuktvā́, [ib.] &c. &c.; yuktvā́ya, [RV.]; [Br.]; -yujya, [MBh.] &c.), to yoke or join or fasten or harness (horses or a chariot), [RV.] &c. &c.; to make ready, prepare, arrange, fit out, set to work, use, employ, apply, [ib.]; to equip (an army), [R.]; to offer, perform (prayers, a sacrifice), [BhP.]; to put on (arrows on a bow-string), [MBh.]; to fix in, insert, inject (semen), [ŚBr.]; to appoint to, charge or intrust with (loc. or dat.), [MBh.]; [VP.]; to command, enjoin, [BhP.]; to turn or direct or fix or concentrate (the mind, thoughts &c.) upon (loc.), [TS.] &c. &c.; (P. Ā.) to concentrate the mind in order to obtain union with the Universal Spirit, be absorbed in meditation (also with yogam), [MaitrUp.]; [Bhag.] &c.; to recollect, recall, [MBh.]; to join, unite, connect, add, bring together, [RV.] &c. &c. (Ā. to be attached, cleave to, [Hariv.]); to confer, or bestow anything (acc.) upon (gen. or loc.), [BhP.]; [MārkP.] (Ā. with acc., to become possessed of [MBh.]; with ātmani, to use for one's self, enjoy, [Mn. vi, 12]); to bring into possession of, furnish or endow with (instr.), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to join one's self to (acc.), [RV.]; (in astron.) to come into union or conjunction with (acc.), [VarBṛS.] : Pass. yujyáte (ep. also °ti; aor. áyoji), to be yoked or harnessed or joined &c., [RV.] &c. &c.; to attach one's self to (loc.), [Hit.]; to be made ready or prepared for (dat.), [Bhag.]; to be united in marriage, [Gaut.]; [MBh.]; to be endowed with or possessed of (instr. with or without saha), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (in astron.) to come into conjunction with (instr.), [VarBṛS.]; to accrue to, fall to the lot of (gen.), [Pañcat.]; to be fit or proper or suitable or right, suit anything (instr.), be fitted for (loc.), belong to or suit any one (loc. or gen.), deserve to be (nom.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (with na) not to be fit or proper &c. for (instr.) or to (inf., also with pass. sense = ‘ought not to be’), [Kāv.]; [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.] : Caus. yojayati (mc. also °te; aor. ayūyujat; Pass. yojyate), to harness, yoke with (instr.), put to (loc.), [Kauś.]; [MBh.] &c.; to equip (an army), draw up (troops), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to use, employ, set to work, apply, undertake, carry on, perform, accomplish, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to urge or impel to, [Bhartṛ.]; [Prab.]; to lead towards, help to (loc.), [Sarvad.]; to set (snares, nets &c.), [MBh.]; [Hit.]; to put or fix on (esp. arrows), [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to aim (arrows) at (loc.), [R.]; to fasten on or in, attack, adjust, add, insert, [Kauś.]; [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; (with manas, ātmānam &c.) to direct the thoughts to, concentrate or fix the mind upon (loc.), [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Pur.]; to join, unite, connect, combine, bring or put together (also = write, compose), [R.]; [Var.]; [Rājat.] &c.; to encompass, embrace, [MBh.]; to put in order, arrange, repair, restore, [Rājat.]; to endow or furnish or provide with (instr.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to mix (food) with (instr.), [Mn. vii, 218]; to confer anything upon (loc.), [BhP.]; (in astron.) to ascertain or know (jānāti) the conjunction of the moon with an asterism (instr.), [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 26], Vārtt. 11 [Pat.]; (Ā.) to think little of, esteem lightly, despise, [Vop.] in [Dhātup. xxxiii, 36] : Desid. yuyukṣati, to wish to harness or yoke or join &c.; to wish to appoint or institute, [MBh.]; to wish to fix or aim (arrows), [BhP.]; (Ā.) to wish to be absorbed in meditation, devout, [Bhaṭṭ.] : Intens. yoyujyate, yoyujīti or yoyokti Gr.

yuj : [cf. Gk. ζεύγνυμι, ζυγόν; Lat. jungere, jugum; Lith. jùngus; Slav. igo; Goth. juk; Germ. joh, Joch; Angl.Sax. geoc; Eng. yoke.]

yuj : yúj mfn. (mostly ifc.; when uncompounded, the strong cases have a nasal, e.g. nom. yuṅ, yuñjau, yuñjas, but aśva-yuk &c., [Pāṇ. vii, 1, 71]) joined, yoked, harnessed, drawn by, [RV.] &c. &c. (cf. aśva-, hari-, hayottama-yuj)

yuj : furnished or provided or filled with, affected by, possessed of (instr., mostly comp.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

yuj : bestowing, granting (e.g. kāma-yuj, ‘granting wishes’), [Hariv.]

yuj : exciting, an exciter (e.g. yuṇ bhiyaḥ, an exciter of fear), [Bhaṭṭ.]

yuj : being in couples or pairs, even (not odd or separate), [Lāṭy.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

yuj : yúj m. a yoke-fellow, companion, comrade, associate, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]

yuj : a sage who devotes his time to abstract contemplation, [W.]

yuj : a pair, couple, the number ‘two’, [Pañcar.]

yuj : du. the two Aśvins, [L.]

yuj : (in astron.) the zodiacal sign Gemini.

indra : índra m. (for etym. as given by native authorities See [Nir. x, 8]; [Sāy.] on [RV. i, 3, 4]; [Uṇ. ii, 28]; according to [BRD.] fr. in = √ inv with suff. ra preceded by inserted d, meaning ‘to subdue, conquer’ ; according to [Muir, S. T. v, 119], for sindra fr. √ syand, ‘to drop’; more probably from √ ind, ‘to drop’ q.v., and connected with indu above), the god of the atmosphere and sky

indra : the Indian Jupiter Pluvius or lord of rain (who in Vedic mythology reigns over the deities of the intermediate region or atmosphere; he fights against and conquers with his thunder-bolt [vajra] the demons of darkness, and is in general a symbol of generous heroism; was not originally lord of the gods of the sky, but his deeds were most useful to mankind, and he was therefore addressed in prayers and hymns more than any other deity, and ultimately superseded the more lofty and spiritual Varuṇa; in the later mythology is subordinated to the triad Brahman, Viṣṇu, and Śiva, but remained the chief of all other deities in the popular mind), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c. &c.

indra : (he is also regent of the east quarter, and considered one of the twelve Ādityas), [Mn.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.

indra : in the Vedānta he is identified with the supreme being

indra : a prince

indra : ifc. best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects; cf. surendra, rājendra, parvatendra, &c.), [Mn.]; [Hit.]

indra : the pupil of the right eye (that of the left being called Indrāṇī or Indra's wife), [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

indra : the number fourteen, [Sūryas.]

indra : N. of a grammarian

indra : of a physician

indra : the plant Wrightia Antidysenterica (see kuṭaja), [L.]

indra : a vegetable poison, [L.]

indra : the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic

indra : the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth Nakṣatra, γ Pegasi

indra : the human soul, the portion of spirit residing in the body

indra : night, [L.]

indra : one of the nine divisions of Jambu-dvīpa or the known continent, [L.]

ena : a pronom. base (used for certain cases of the 3rd personal pronoun, thus in the acc. sing. du. pl. [enam, enām, enad, &c.], inst. sing. [enena, enayā] gen. loc. du. [enayos, Ved. enos]; the other cases are formed fr. the pronom. base a See under idam), he, she, it

ena : this, that, (this pronoun is enclitic and cannot begin a sentence; it is generally used alone, so that enam puruṣam, ‘that man’, would be very unusual if not incorrect. Grammarians assert that the substitution of enam &c. for imam or etam &c. takes place when something is referred to which has already been mentioned in a previous part of the sentence; see [Gr. 223] and [836])

ena : [cf. Gk. ἕν, οἷος; Goth. ains; Old Pruss. ains; Lat. oinos, unus.]

ena : and enā, Ved. instr. of idam, q.v.

ena : (cf. eṇa), a stag. See an-ena.

prathama : prathamá mf(A/)n. (for pra-tama, superl. of 1. pra; rarely declined as a pron., e.g. °másyāḥ, [AV. vi, 18, 1]; °me, [PañcavBr. xxv, 18, 5]; [R. iv, 37, 11]; [Kir. ii, 44]; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 1, 33]) foremost, first (in time or in a series or in rank)

prathama : earliest, primary, original, prior, former

prathama : preceding, initial, chief, principal, most excellent, [RV.] &c. &c.

prathama : often translatable adverbially = ibc. (cf. below) and (am ind.) firstly, at first, for the first time

prathama : just, newly, at once, forthwith (also āt, [Hariv.])

prathama : formerly, previously (am also as prep. with gen. = before, e.g. [Mn. ii, 194]; prathamam-anantaram or paścāt, first—afterwards; prathamam-tatas, first—next)

prathama : prathamá m. (in gram., scil. varṇa), the first consonant of a Varga, a surd unaspirated letter

prathama : (scil. puruṣa), the first (= our 3rd) person or its terminations

prathama : (scil. svara), the first tone

prathama : in math. the sum of the products divided by the difference between the squares of the cosine of the azimuth and the sine of the amplitude

adhi : m. (better ādhi, q.v.), anxiety

adhi : f. a woman in her courses (= avi, q.v.), [L.]

adhi : ádhi ind., as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides. As a separable adverb or preposition

adhi : (with abl.) Ved. over

adhi : from above, from

adhi : from the presence of

adhi : after, [AitUp.]

adhi : for

adhi : instead of [RV. i, 140, 11], (with loc.) Ved. over

adhi : on

adhi : at

adhi : in comparison with

adhi : (with acc.) over, upon, concerning.

atiṣṭhat : á-tiṣṭhat mfn. not standing, unstable, [RV.]

sthā : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 30]) tíṣṭhati, °te (pf. tasthaú, tasthe, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. ásthāt, ásthita, [ib.]; 3. pl. asthiran, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; āsthat [?] [AV.]; asthiṣi, °ṣata, [Br.] &c.; Subj. sthāti, sthā́thaḥ, [RV.]; Prec. stheyāt, [ib.]; stheṣam, °ṣuḥ [?] [AV.]; sthāsīṣṭa Gr.; fut. sthātā, [MBh.] &c.; sthāsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. sthā́tum, [ib.]; °tos, [Br.]; [GṛŚrS.]; -sthitum, [R.]; ind.p. sthitvā, [MBh.] &c.; -sthā́ya, [RV.] &c. &c.; -sthāyam, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to stand, stand firmly, station one's self, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on (with pādābhyām, ‘to stand on the feet’; with jānubhyām, ‘to kneel’; with agre or agratas and gen., ‘to stand or present one's self before’; with puras and with or without gen., ‘to stand up against an enemy &c.’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action (e.g. with kanyā, ‘to remain a girl or unmarried’; with tūṣṇīm or with maunena instr. ‘to remain silent’; with sukham, ‘to continue or feel well’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any act (with loc.; e.g. with rājye, ‘to continue governing’; with śāsane, ‘to practise obedience’; with bale, ‘to exercise power’; with sva-dharme, ‘to do one's duty’; with sva-karmaṇi, ‘to keep to one's own business’; with saṃśaye, ‘to persist in doubting’; also with ind.p., e.g. dharmam āśritya, ‘to practise virtue’), [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to continue to be or exist (as opp. to ‘perish’), endure, last, [TS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be, exist, be present, be obtainable or at hand, [AV.] &c. &c.; to be with or at the disposal of, belong to (dat. gen., or loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (Ā. mc. also P. cf. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 23]; [4, 34]) to stand by, abide by, be near to, be on the side of, adhere or submit to, acquiesce in, serve, obey (loc. or dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to stand still, stay quiet, remain stationary, stop, halt, wait, tarry, linger, hesitate (see under sthitvā below), [RV.] &c. &c.; to behave or conduct one's self (with samam, ‘to behave equally towards any one’ loc.); to be directed to or fixed on (loc.), [Hariv.]; [Kathās.]; to be founded or rest or depend on, be contained in (loc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; to rely on, confide in (loc., e.g. mayi sthitvā, ‘confiding in me’), [Bhaṭṭ.]; to stay at, resort to (acc.), [R.]; to arise from (abl. or gen.), [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to desist or cease from (abl.), [Kathās.]; to remain unnoticed (as of no importance), be left alone (only Impv. and Pot.), [Kāv.]; [Pañcat.] : Pass. sthīyate (aor. asthāyi), to be stood &c. (frequently used impers., e.g. mayā sthīyatām, ‘let it be abided by me’ i.e. ‘I must abide’), [Br.] &c. &c.: Caus. sthāpayati, °te (aor. átiṣṭhipat; ind.p. sthāpayitvā [q.v.] and -sthā́pam: Pass. sthāpyate), to cause to stand, place, locate, set, lay, fix, station, establish, found, institute, [AV.] &c. &c.; to set up, erect, raise, build, [MBh.]; [R.]; to cause to continue, make durable, strengthen, confirm, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Suśr.] &c.; to prop up, support, maintain, [MBh.]; [Hcat.]; to affirm, assent, [Sāh.]; [Nyāyas.], Sch.; to appoint (to any office loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to be, constitute, make, appoint or employ as (two acc.; with dhātrīm, ‘to employ any one as a nurse’; with rakṣārtham, ‘to appoint any one as guardian’; with sajjam, ‘to make anything ready’ ; with su-rakṣitam, ‘to keep anything well guarded’; with svīkṛtya, ‘to make anything one's own’; with pariśeṣam, ‘to leave anything over or remaining’), [ŚvetUp.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to fix, settle, determine, resolve, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to fix in or on, lead or bring into, direct or turn towards (loc., rarely acc.; with hṛdi, ‘to impress on the heart’; with manas, ‘to fix the mind on’), [AV.] &c. &c.; to introduce or initiate into, instruct in (loc., e.g. with naye, ‘to instruct in a plan or system’), [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; to make over or deliver up to (loc. or haste with gen., ‘into the hands of’), [Yājñ.]; [Ratnāv.]; [Kathās.]; to give in marriage, [MBh.]; to cause to stand still, stop, arrest, check, hold, keep in, restrain (with baddhvā, ‘to keep bound or imprisoned’), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to place aside, keep, save, preserve, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] : Desid. of Caus. -sthāpayiṣati (see saṃ-√ sthā) : Desid. tíṣṭhāsati, to wish to stand &c., [ŚBr.] : Intens. teṣṭhīyate; tāstheti, tāsthāti Gr.

sthā : [cf. Gk. ἱ-στάναι; Lat. stare; Lith. stóti; Slav. stati; Germ. stân, stehen; Eng. stand.]

sthā : sthā́ (or ṣṭhā́), mfn. (nom. m. n. sthā́s) standing, stationary (often ifc. = ‘standing, being, existing in or on or among’, cf. agni-ṣṭhā, ṛta-sthā &c.), [RV.]; [PañcavBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]

gandharva : gandharvá as, m. a Gandharva [though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded as a class, yet in [RV.] rarely more than one is mentioned; he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva (divyá g°, [RV. ix, 86, 36] and [x, 139, 5]), and is also called Viśvā-vasu ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [139, 4] and [5]) and Vāyu-keśa (in pl. [RV. iii, 38, 6]); his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters ([RV. i, 22, 14]; [viii, 77, 5]; [ix, 85, 12]; [86, 36]; [x, 10, 4]; [AV. ii, 2, 3]); his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma ([RV. ix, 83, 4] and [85, 12]), which the gods obtain through his intervention ([RV.]; [AV. vii, 73, 3]; cf. [RV. i, 22, 14]); it is obtained for the human race by Indra, who conquers the Gandharva and takes it by force ([RV. viii, 1, 11] and [77, 5]); the heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good physician, because the Soma is considered as the best medicine; possibly, however, the word Soma originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly Gandharva may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon; in one passage ([RV. ix, 86, 36]) the heavenly Gandharva and the Soma are identified; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses ([i, 163, 2]; [x, 177, 2]; cf. [135, 5]); he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ([x, 139, 5] and [6]; [AV. ii, 1, 2]; [xx, 128, 3]; [VS. xi, 1]; [xxxii, 9]); he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, Yama and Yamī ([RV. x, 10, 4]), and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [40] and [41]); for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies ([AV. xiv, 2, 35] and [36]); ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva (cf. -gṛhīta, -graha); the Gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva; they live in the sky ([RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr. xiv]), guard the Soma ([RV. ix, 113, 3]; [ŚBr. iii]; [AitBr. i, 27]), are governed by Varuṇa (just as the Apsarasas are governed by Soma), [ŚBr. xiii]; [ĀśvŚr. x, 7, 3], know the best medicines ([AV. viii, 7, 23]; [VS. xii, 98]), regulate the course of the asterisms ([AV. xiii, 1, 23]; [BhP. iv, 29, 21]; hence twenty-seven are mentioned, [VS. ix, 7]), follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them ([AV.]; [ŚBr. iii]); as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma, the Gandharvas, and Agni ([Gṛhyās. ii, 19 f.]; [Pañcat.]; [Suśr.]); the wives of the Gandharvas are the Apsarasas (cf. gandharvāpsarás), and like them the Gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice ([AV. vii, 109, 5]); they are also feared as evil beings together with the Rākṣasas, Kimīdins, Piśācas, &c., amulets being worn as a protection against them ([AV.]; [Suśr.]); they are said to have revealed the Vedas to Vāc ([ŚBr. iii]; cf. [PārGṛ. ii, 12, 2]), and are called the preceptors of the Ṛṣis ([ŚBr. xi]); Purūravas is called among them ([ib.]); in epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers (cf. [RV. x, 177, 2]) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing also in his battles ([Yājñ. i, 71]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.; cf. [RTL. p. 238]); in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (i.e. gods, manes, Gandharvas, [AV. xi, 5, 2]; or gods, Asuras, Gandharvas, men, [TS. vii, 8, 25, 2]; cf. [ŚBr. x]; or gods, men, Gandharvas, Apsarasas, Sarpas, and manes, [AitBr. iii, 31, 5]; for other enumerations cf. [Nir. iii, 8]; [Mn. i, 37] [[RTL. p. 237]] & [iii, 196]; [vii, 23]; [xii, 47]; [Nal.] &c.); divine and human Gandharvas are distinguished ([TUp. ii, 8]; the divine or Deva-Gandharvas are enumerated, [MBh. i, 2550 ff.] and [4810 ff.]); another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas ([TĀr. i, 9, 3]); the chief or leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha ([Bhag. x, 26]); they are called the creatures of Prajāpati ([Mn. i, 37]) or of Brahmā ([Hariv. 11793]) or of Kaśyapa ([11850]) or of the Munis ([MBh. i, 2550]; [Hariv. 11553]) or of Prādhā ([MBh. i, 2556]) or of Ariṣṭā ([Hariv. 234]; [VP. i, 21]) or of Vāc ([PadmaP.]); with Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras]

gandharva : N. of the attendant of the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī, [L.]

gandharva : a singer, [VarBṛS. lxxxvii, 33]; [BhP. i, 11, 21]

gandharva : the Koïl or black cuckoo, [L.]

gandharva : a sage, pious man, [Mahīdh.] on [VS. xxxii, 9]

gandharva : a horse, [MBh. iii, 11762]

gandharva : cf. [ii, 1043]

gandharva : the musk deer (derived fr. gandha), [L.]

gandharva : the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost), [L.]

gandharva : N. of the 14th Kalpa or period of the world, [VāyuP. i, 21, 30]

gandharva : of the 21st Muhūrta, [Sūryapr.]

gandharva : of a Svara or tone (for gāndhāra?), [Hariv. ii, 120, 4]

gandharva : gandharvá m. pl. the Gandharvas (see above)

gandharva : gandharvá m. N. of a people (named together with the Gāndhāras), [R. vii, 100, 10 f.] and [101, 2 ff.] and [11]; [VarBṛS. xiv, 31]

gandharva : [cf. Gk. κένταυρος fr. κενθαρϝο-ς.]

ayam : ayám this one. See idám.

raśanā : raśanā́ f. (prob. connected with raśmi and rāśi and derived from a lost √ raś) a rope, cord, strap

raśanā : rein, bridle

raśanā : girth, girdle, zone (esp. of woman), [RV.] &c. &c. (also fig. applied to the fingers; cf. [Naigh. ii, 5])

raśanā : a ray of light, beam, [ŚāṅkhBr.]

raśanā : the tongue (w.r. for rasanā), [L.]

raśanā : (ifc.) girt by, dependent on [Hariv.]; [BhP.]

gṛbh : gṛ́bh f. (only acc. gṛ́bham instr. gṛbhā abl. °bhás; for dat. °bhé See √ grah) grasping, seizing, [RV. vii, 4, 3]; [viii, 17, 15]; [VS. xxi, 43]

gṛbh : gṛ́bh mfn. ‘grasping’ ifc. See jīva-, sute-, syūma-gṛ́bh.

sūra : sū́ra m. the sun, [RV.]; [AV.]

sūra : Calotropis Gigantea (= arka), [MW.]

sūra : a wise or learned man, teacher (= sūri), [L.]

sūra : N. of the father of Kunthu (the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī), [L.]

sūra : of various authors (also with bhaṭṭa and miśra), [Cat.]

sūra : sū́ra m. (fr. √ 1. sū) an inciter, propeller, [RV. i, 121, 7] ([Sāy.])

sūra : sū́ra m. (fr. √ su) the Soma-juice flowing from the Soma press, [RV.]; [AV.]

aśva : áśva m. (2. rarely 3 [RV.]) (√ aś, [Uṇ.]) ifc. f. a horse, stallion, [RV.] &c.

aśva : the horse (in the game of chess)

aśva : the number ‘seven’ (that being the number of the horses of the sun)

aśva : the archer (in the Zodiac), [VarBṛ.]

aśva : a particular kind of lover (horse-like in strength), [L.]

aśva : N. of a teacher (with the patron. Sāmudri), [ŚBr. xiii]

aśva : of a son of Citraka, [Hariv. 1921]

aśva : of a Dānava, [MBh. i, 2532]

aśva : [Zd. aspa; Lat. equus; Gk. ἵππος, &c.]

aśva : Nom. P. aśvati, to behave like a horse, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 11], Sch.

vasu : vásu mf(u or vI)n. (for 2. See p. 932, col. 3) excellent, good, beneficent, [RV.]; [GṛŚrS.]

vasu : sweet, [L.]

vasu : dry, [L.]

vasu : N. of the gods (as the ‘good or bright ones’, esp. of the Ādityas, Maruts, Aśvins, Indra, Uṣas, Rudra, Vāyu, Viṣṇu, Śiva, and Kubera), [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; [R.]

vasu : of a partic. class of gods (whose number is usually eight, and whose chief is Indra, later Agni and Viṣṇu; they form one of the nine Gaṇas or classes enumerated under Gaṇa-devatā q.v.; the eight Vasus were originally personifications, like other Vedic deities, of natural phenomena, and are usually mentioned with the other Gaṇas common in the Veda, viz. the eleven Rudras and the twelve Ādityas, constituting with them and with Dyaus, ‘Heaven’, and Pṛthivī, ‘Earth’ [or, according to some, with Indra and Prajā-pati, or, according to others, with the two Aśvins], the thirty-three gods to which reference is frequently made; the names of the Vasus, according to the Viṣṇu-Purāṇa, are, 1. Āpa [connected with ap, ‘water’]; 2. Dhruva, ‘the Pole-star’; 3. Soma, ‘the Moon’; 4. Dhava or Dhara; 5. Anila, ‘Wind’; 6. Anala or Pāvaka, ‘Fire’; 7. Pratyūṣa, ‘the Dawn’; 8. Prabhāsa, ‘Light’; but their names are variously given; Ahan, ‘Day’, being sometimes substituted for 1; in their relationship to Fire and Light they appear to belong to Vedic rather than Purānic mythology), [RV.] &c. &c.

vasu : a symbolical N. of the number ‘eight’, [VarBṛS.]

vasu : a ray of light, [Naigh. i, 15]

vasu : a partic. ray of light, [VP.]

vasu : = jina, [Śīl.] (only [L.] the sun; the moon; fire; a rope, thong; a tree; N. of two kinds of plant = baka and pīta-madgu; a lake, pond; a kind of fish; the tie of the yoke of a plough; the distance from the elbow to the closed fist)

vasu : N. of a Ṛṣi (with the patr. Bharad-vāja, author of [RV. ix, 80]-[82], reckoned among the seven sages), [Hariv.]

vasu : of a son of Manu, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Uttāna-pāda, [ib.]

vasu : of a prince of the Cedis also called Upari-cara, [MBh.]

vasu : of a son of Īlina, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Kuśa and the country called after him, [RV.]

vasu : of a son of Vasu-deva, [BhP.]

vasu : of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Vatsara, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Hiraṇya-retas and the Varṣa ruled by him, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Bhūtajyotis, [ib.]

vasu : of a son of Naraka, [ib.]

vasu : of a king of Kaśmīra, [Cat.]

vasu : vásu (u), f. light, radiance, [L.]

vasu : a partic. drug, [L.]

vasu : N. of a daughter of Dakṣa and mother of the Vasus (as a class of gods), [Hariv.]; [VP.]

vasu : vásu n. (in Veda gen. vásos, vásvas and vásunas; also pl., exceptionally m.) wealth, goods, riches, property, [RV.] &c. &c. (°soṣ-pati m. prob. ‘the god of wealth or property’, [AV. i, 12] [[Paipp.] asoṣ-p°, ‘the god of life’]; °sor-dhā́rā f. ‘stream of wealth’, N. of a partic. libation of Ghṛta at the Agni-cayana, [AV.]; [TS.]; [Br.] &c.; of the wife of Agni, [BhP.]; of the heavenly Gaṅgā, [MBh.]; of sacred bathing-place, [ib.]; of a kind of vessel, [ib.]; °sor-dhā́rā-prayoga m. N. of wk.)

vasu : vásu n. gold (see -varma-dhara)

vasu : a jewel, gem, pearl (see -mekhala)

vasu : any valuable or precious object, [L.]

vasu : vásu n. (also f.) a partic. drug, [L.]

vasu : vásu n. a kind of salt (= romaka), [L.]

vasu : water, [L.]

vasu : a horse (?), [L.]

vasu : = śyāma, [L.]

vasu : m. or n. (for 1. See p. 930, col. 3) dwelling or dweller (see sáṃ-vasu).

vasu : 1. 2. See pp. 930 and 932.

nis : nís ind. out, forth, away &c. (rarely used as an independent word [e.g. [AV. vi, 18, 3]; [vii, 115, 3]; [xvi, 2, 1]], but mostly as a prefix to verbs and their derivatives [cf. niḥ-√ kṣi &c. below], or to nouns not immediately connected with verbs, in which case it has the sense, ‘out of’, ‘away from’ [cf. nirvana, niṣ-kauśāmbi &c.] or that of a privative or negative adverb = 3. a, ‘without’, ‘destitute of’, ‘free from’, ‘un-’ [cf. nir-artha, nir-mala &c.], or that of a strengthening particle ‘thoroughly’, ‘entirely’, ‘very’ [cf. niḥ-śūnya, niṣ-kevala, nir-muṇḍa]; it is liable to be changed to niḥ, nir, niś, niṣ, and nī; cf. above and below).

nis : See p. 543, col. 2.

takṣ : cl. 1. P. °kṣati (ep. also Ā. impf. tákṣat, átakṣat, [RV.]; rarely cl. 2. 3.pl. tákṣati [[Pāṇ. vii, 1, 39]; [Pat.]] [RV. i, 162, 6]; impf. [aor.?] atakṣma, 2. pl. ataṣṭa, [RV.]; once cl. 5. [takṣṇoti, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 76]] Pot. °kṣṇuyur, [Lāṭy. viii]; see also apa-; aor., atakṣīt, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 7], [Kāś.]; 3. pl. °kṣiṣur, [RV. i, 130, 6]; Subj. takṣiṣat [[Pāṇ. iii, 4, 7], [Kāś.]], [ŚāṅkhŚr. vii]; pf. tatákṣa, once Ā. °kṣé, [RV. v, 33, 4]; [3] pl. °kṣúr, [RV.] (8 times), &c., once takṣur, [ii, 19, 8]; 2. du. takṣathur, [x, 39, 4]; pr. p. f. tákṣatī, [i, 164, 41]; pf. Pass. p. taṣṭá See s.v.) to form by cutting, plane, chisel, chop, [RV.] &c.; to cut, split, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Hcar.]; to fashion, form (out of wood &c.), make, create, [RV.]; [AV.]; to form in the mind, invent, [RV.]; to make (any one young; double acc.), make able or prepare for (dat.), [RV.]; (in math.) to reduce by dividing, [Gol. xiii, 14 ff.]; [Līl.] &c.; = √ tvac, [Dhātup. xvii, 13]; to, skin, [ib.] : Caus. takṣayati (aor. atatakṣat), [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 93], [Kāś.]; cf. tvakṣ.

takṣ : ‘paring’, See kāṣṭha-.