the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).
ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])
that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.
like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).
[cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]
cl. 1. Ā. nábhate, to burst, be torn or rent asunder, [RV. viii, 39, 1]; [x, 133, 1]; impf. P. nábhas, to break or destroy (?), [i, 174, 8] (cf. [Dhātup. xviii, 13]; [Naigh. ii, 19]); cl. 4. 9. P. nabhyati, nabhnāti ([Dhātup. xxvi, 130], [xxxi, 48]), to hurt, injure (pf. Ā. nebhe, [Bhaṭṭ.]) : Caus. nabhayati, to cause to burst, tear open, [AitBr.]
f. or m. injury ([Sāy.]) or injurer, [RV. i, 174, 8] (only acc. pl. nábhas; but cf. 1. above).
cl. 4. P. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 85]) náśyati (rarely °te and cl. 1. P. náśati, °te; pf. nanāśa, 3. pl. neśur; aor. anaśat, [MBh.] &c.; aneśat, néśat, [RV.]; [Br.] [cf. [Pat.] on [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 120]]; fut. naśiṣyati, [AV.]; naṅkṣyati, °te [cond. anaṅkṣyata] [MBh.]; naśitā, [ib.]; naṃṣṭā, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 45]; naṅgdhā, [Vop.]; inf. naśitum, naṃṣṭum Gr.; ind.p. naśitvā, naṣṭvā, naṃṣṭvā, [ib.]) to be lost, perish, disappear, be gone, run away, [RV.] &c. &c.; to come to nothing, be frustrated or unsuccessful, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Caus. nāśáyati, ep. also °te (aor. -anīnaśat; dat. inf. -nāśayadhyai, [RV.]) to cause to be lost or disappear, drive away, expel, remove, destroy, efface, [RV.] &c. &c.; to lose (also from memory), give up, [MBh.]; [Kāv.]; [Pañc.]; to violate, deflower (a girl), [Daś.]; [Kull.]; to extinguish (a fire), [BhP.]; to disappear (in mā nīnaśah and °naśuḥ), [MBh.] : Desid. ninaśiṣati or ninaṅkṣati, [Pāṇ. vii, 1, 60]; [2, 45] (cf. ninaṅkṣu); Desid. of Caus. nināśayiṣati, to wish to destroy, [Daś.] : Intens. nānaśyate or nānaṃṣṭi Gr.
cl. 1. P. to smell or to bind, [Dhātup. xx, 8] (confusion of gandhe and bandhe?); cl. 10. P. nālayati, to speak or shine, [xxxiii, 127] ; to bind or confine, [W.]
cl. 1. P. námati ([Dhātup. xxiii, 12]), °te (mostly intrans.; cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 89]; pr. p. Ā. namāna, [R.]; pf. P. nānāma or nanāma, [RV.] &c.; 2. sg. nemitha, or nanantha, [Vop.]; Subj. nanámas, [RV.]; 3. pl. nemur, [Kāv.]; Ā. neme, [RV.]; 3. pl. -nanāmire, [MBh.]; aor. P. anān, [Kāṭh.]; anaṃsīt, [Daś.]; Ā. anaṃsta Gr.; 3. pl. anaṃsata, [Br.]; Subj. naṃsai, naṃsante, [RV.]; fut. naṃsyati, [Br.]; namiṣyati, [Hariv.]; nantā, [Siddh.]; inf. -námam, -náme, [RV.]; nantum, namitum, [Kāv.]; ind.p. natvā, [BhP.]; [Kathās.]; -natya, [Br.]; -namya, [MBh.]) to bend or bow (either trans. or oftener intr.), to bow to, subject or submit one's self (with gen. dat. or acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (with hiruk) to turn away, keep aside, [AV. iv, 1, 3]; to turn towards i.e. to aim at (gen.) with (instr.), [RV. i, 165, 6]; to yield or give way, keep quiet or be silent, [Bālar. vi, 12]; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral, [RPrāt.] : Pass. namyate, to be bent or bowed; yield or submit to, [TUp. iii, 10, 4] : Caus. namáyati, [RV.] &c. &c. (nāmayati, [Up.] &c.; nāmyati [!] [Mṛcch. i, 30]; aor. anīnamat, [RV.]; Pass. nāmyate, °ti, [MBh.] &c.) to cause to bow or sink, incline, [RV.] &c. &c.; (with cāpam) to bend a bow, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.; to turn away or ward off, [RV.]; to aim at (gen.), [ix, 97, 15]; (in gram.) to change a dental letter into a cerebral, [RPrāt.] : Desid. ninaṃsati, Gr. : Intens. nánnamīti, [RV.]; nannamyate, [KātyŚr.] (3. sg. námnate impf. anamnata, p. námamāna, [RV.]) to bow or submit one's self to (dat.), [RV.]; [Br.]
[cf. Zd. nam, nemaiti; Gk. νέμω, νέμος, νόμος; Lat. nemus; Goth., Old Sax., Angl.Sax. niman; HGerm. nëman, nëmen, nehmen.]
encl. form for acc. gen. dat. pl. of the 1st pers. pron. ([Pāṇ. viii, 1, 21]), us, of us, to us; in Veda changeable into ṇas ([4, 27]; [28]).
, [cf. Zd. na, our; Gk. νῶϊ, νώ; Lat. nos, nos-ter; Old Lat. dat. nis.]
cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xvi, 26]) násate (aor. Pot. nasīmahi, [RV. ii, 16, 8]; pf. nese; fut. nasitā Gr.) to approach, resort to, join, copulate (esp. as husband and wife), [RV.]; to be crooked or fraudulent, [Dhātup.]
nás or nās f. (the strong stem occurs only in du. nā́sā, [RV. ii, 39, 6], the weak stem only in nasā́, nasí, nasós [cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 63]] and in comp.) the nose, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [TS.]; [BhP.]
m. (rather fr. √ nabh denoting ‘bursting forth’ or ‘expanding’ than fr. √ nah ‘connecting’, scil. heaven and earth) the sky, atmosphere (= nabhas), [L.]
the month Śrāvaṇa, [Car.]
N. of a son of Manu Svārociṣa or of the 3rd M° (together with Nabhasya), [Hariv.]
of one of 7 sages of the 6th Manv-antara, [ib.]
of a demon (son of Vipra-citti by Siṃhikā), [ib.]; [VP.]
of a son of Nala (Niṣadha) and father of Puṇḍarīka (cf. nabhas), [Hariv.]; [BhP.]
nakhá m. n. (fr. √ nagh [?] cf. naghamāra; prob. not fr. na + kha in spite of [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 75]; ifc. f(I). ) a finger-nail, toe-nail, claw, talon, the spur of a cock, [RV.] &c. &c. (°khāni-√ kṛ, or √ kḷp, to cut the nails, [Kauś.]; [Mn.])
= 20 [Sūryas.]
nakhá n. and (ī), f. Unguis Odoratus, [VarBṛS.]; [Hcat.]
naḍá or naḻá, m. ([L.] also n.) a species of reed, Arundo Tibialis or Karka, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; N. of a prince with the patr. Naiṣidha, [ŚBr.] (= Nala Naiṣadha Sch.); of a Nāga, [L.]; of a partic. tribe whose employment is making a sort of glass bracelet, [W.] (cf. nala).
nadī́ f. flowing water, a river (commonly personified as a female; but See nadá above), [RV.] &c. &c. (ifc. nadikā; cf. ku-nadikā and giri-; ind. -nadi; cf. upa-nadi [beside -nadam, fr. nadá, [Pāṇ. v, 4, 110]])
N. of 2 kinds of metre, [Col.]
of partic. fem. stems ending in ī or ū (as itself), [Pāṇ. i, 4, 3], &c.
na-hí (ná-hí, [MaitrS.] & [ŚBr.]) ind. (g. cādi) for not, surely not, by no means, not at all (often strengthened by other particles, as aṅgá, nú, sma), [RV.]; &c. (nahikam, g. cādi).
na-nú ind. (2. ná + nu) not, not at all, never, [RV.]; [AV.]; (interr.) not? is it not? = nonne, [AV.]; [ŚBr.] &c. &c. (hence often =) certainly, surely, indeed, no doubt (esp. in questions amounting to an affirmation, e.g. nanv ahaṃ te priyaḥ, am I not your friend i.e. certainly I am your friend, [Daś.] [so also na ca, there can be no doubt, [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 11]; [29], [Kāś.]], or to a request, e.g. nanu gacchāmi bhoḥ, surely I may go, [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 43], [Kāś.], and even as a responsive particle, e.g. akārṣīḥ kaṭamnanu karomi bhoḥ, indeed I have made it, [ib.]; with another interr. or an Impv. = pray, please, e.g. nanu ko bhavān, pray who are you? [Mṛcch. x, 48/49]; nanūcyatām, please tell, [ib.] [52/53]; in argument often as an inceptive particle implying doubt or objection, ‘now it may be said, well, but then’ &c., esp. in nanv astu, or nanu mā bhūt-tathāpi, well, be it so or not so-nevertheless)
a vocat. particle implying kindness or reproach or perplexity &c., [L.]
naḍá or naḻá, m. ([L.] also n.) a species of reed, Arundo Tibialis or Karka, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; N. of a prince with the patr. Naiṣidha, [ŚBr.] (= Nala Naiṣadha Sch.); of a Nāga, [L.]; of a partic. tribe whose employment is making a sort of glass bracelet, [W.] (cf. nala).
nára m. (cf. nṛ) a man, a male, a person (pl. men, people), [TS.] &c. &c.
husband, [Mn. ix, 76]
hero, [VarBṛS. iv, 31]; [Bālar. viii, 56]
a man or piece at chess or draughts &c., [L.]
the pin or gnomon of a sun-dial, [Sūryas.] (cf. -yantra)
person, personal termination, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 85] (cf. puruṣa)
the primeval Man or eternal Spirit pervading the universe (always associated with Nārāyaṇa, ‘son of the primeval man’ ; both are considered either as gods or sages and accordingly called devau, ṛṣī, tāpasau &c.; in ep. poetry they are the sons of Dharma by Mūrti or A-hiṃsā and emanations of Viṣṇu, Arjuna being identified with Nara, and Kṛṣṇa with Nārāyaṇa), [Mn.] (cf. -sūnu), [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Pur.]
(pl.) a class of myth. beings allied to the Gandharvas and Kiṃ-naras, [MBh.]; [Pur.]
N. of a son of Manu Tāmasa, [BhP.]
of a son of Viśvāmitra, [Hariv.]
of a son of Gaya and father of Virāj, [VP.]
of a son of Su-dhṛti and father of Kevala, [Pur.]
of a son of Bhavan-manyu (Manyu) and father of Saṃkṛti, [ib.]
of Bhāradvāja (author of [RV. vi, 35] and [36]), [Anukr.]
náva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. nú) new, fresh, recent, young, modern (opp. to sana, purāṇa), [RV.] &c. &c. (often in comp. with a subst., e.g. navānna cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 49]; or with a pp. in the sense of ‘newly, just, lately’ e.g. navodita, below)
námas n. bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration (by gesture or word; often with dat., e.g. rāmāya namaḥ, salutation or glory to Rāma, often ind. [g. svar-ādi]; namas-√ kṛ, to utter a salutation, do homage; ind.p. °mas-kṛ́tya [[AV.]; [TS.] &c.] or °mas-kṛtvā [[MBh.]; [BhP.]]; námas-kṛta, worshipped, adored), [RV.] &c. &c.
nápāt, náptṛ, m. (the former stem only in the strong cases and earlier lang.; the latter in Class., but acc. naptāram appears in [TS.] & [AitBr.]) descendant, offspring, son (in this meaning esp. in [RV.], e.g. apāṃ n°, ūrjo n°, divo n°, vimuco n° &c.); grandson (in later lang. restricted to this sense), [RV.] &c. &c.; N. of one of the Viśve devās, [MBh. xiii, 4362]; path of the gods (?), [Mahīdh.] on [VS. xix, 56]; granddaughter (?), [Uṇ. ii, 96], Sch.; (tī́), f., [RV.]; [AV.] ([ix, 1, 3] nom. °tís) daughter, granddaughter (pl. often fig. ‘the fingers, hands’ &c.); (trī), f. granddaughter, [SVĀr.]; [L.] [Prob. neither = na + pat ([Uṇ. ii, 96]) nor na + pāt ([Pāṇ. vi, 3, 75]), and of very questionable connection with √ nabh, or nah; cf. Zd. napāt, naptar; Gk. νέποδες, ἀνεψιός; Lat. nepōt-em; Angl.Sax. nefa; HGerm. nëvo, nëve, Neffe.]
nápāt, náptṛ, m. (the former stem only in the strong cases and earlier lang.; the latter in Class., but acc. naptāram appears in [TS.] & [AitBr.]) descendant, offspring, son (in this meaning esp. in [RV.], e.g. apāṃ n°, ūrjo n°, divo n°, vimuco n° &c.); grandson (in later lang. restricted to this sense), [RV.] &c. &c.; N. of one of the Viśve devās, [MBh. xiii, 4362]; path of the gods (?), [Mahīdh.] on [VS. xix, 56]; granddaughter (?), [Uṇ. ii, 96], Sch.; (tī́), f., [RV.]; [AV.] ([ix, 1, 3] nom. °tís) daughter, granddaughter (pl. often fig. ‘the fingers, hands’ &c.); (trī), f. granddaughter, [SVĀr.]; [L.] [Prob. neither = na + pat ([Uṇ. ii, 96]) nor na + pāt ([Pāṇ. vi, 3, 75]), and of very questionable connection with √ nabh, or nah; cf. Zd. napāt, naptar; Gk. νέποδες, ἀνεψιός; Lat. nepōt-em; Angl.Sax. nefa; HGerm. nëvo, nëve, Neffe.]