kṣam क्षम् cl. 1. Ā. kṣámate (ep. also P. °ti; Ved. cl. 2. P. kṣamiti, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 34]; cl. 4. P. kṣāmyati [cf. Impv. Ā. 3. sg. kṣamyatām, [BhP. vi, 3, 30]] [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 74]; perf. cakṣame, [MBh.] &c., 3. pl. °mire, [ŚBr.]; 1. du. cakṣaṇvahe & 1. pl. °ṇmahe, [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65], Sch.; fut. 2nd kṣaṃsyate, °ti, kṣamiṣyati; aor. 2. sg. akṣaṃsthās, [Bhaṭṭ.]; inf. kṣantum, [MBh.] &c.), to be patient or composed, suppress anger, keep quiet, [RV. x, 104, 6]; [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to submit to (dat.), [ŚBr. iii]; [iv]; to bear patiently, endure, put up with (acc.), suffer, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ragh.]; to pardon, forgive anything (acc.) to (gen. or dat.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c. (e.g. kṣamasva me tad, forgive me that, [Ragh. xiv, 58]); to allow, permit, suffer, [Sāh.] ([Kuval.]); (with Pot.), [Daś.]; to bear any one, be indulgent to, [MBh. iii, 13051]; [R. iv, 27, 22]; [VarBṛS.]; [Pañcat.] (Pass.), [Hit.]; to resist, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 33], Sch.; to be able to do anything (inf.), [Śiś. i, 38] and [ix, 65]; to seem good, [Divyāv. iv] : Caus. P. Ā. kṣamayati, kṣāmayate, to ask any one (acc.) pardon for anything (acc.), [MBh.]; [Bhag.]; [Pañcat.]; (perf. kṣamayām āsa) to suffer or bear patiently, [R. v, 49, 11] (cf. kṣamāpaya); [cf. Goth. hramja (?) Angl.Sax. hremman, ‘to hinder, disquiet’.] kṣám f. (nom. kṣā́s acc. kṣā́m instr. kṣamā́ once jmā́ [[RV. vi, 52, 15]] dat. kṣe [? [RV. iv, 3, 6]], gen. abl. gmás, jmás, once kṣmás [[RV. i, 100, 15]], loc. kṣámi; du. nom. kṣā́mā [[RV. ii, 39, 7]; [x, 12, 1]; cf. dyā́va-kṣā́mā]; pl. nom. kṣāmas [[RV. viii, 70, 4]; kṣā́mīs fr. °mi, [SV.]], kṣā́s [[RV. iv, 28, 5]] acc. kṣā́s [[RV. x, 2, 6]] loc. kṣā́su, [RV. i, 127, 10] and [v, 64, 2]) the ground, earth, χθών [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr. vi] [cf. kṣmā; cf. also Gk. χαμαί, χθαμαλός; Lat. humus, homo.] kṣamā क्षमा (ā), f. patience, forbearance, indulgence (one of the sāmānya-dharmās i.e. an obligation to all castes, [Viṣṇ.]), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. kṣamāṃ √ kṛ, to be indulgent to, have patience or bear with (prati, [MBh. iii, 1027]; or gen., [Śāntiś.]) ‘Patience’ (personified as a daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Pulaha, [VP.]), [Hariv. 14035]; [Prab.] tameness (as of an antelope), [R. iii, 49, 25] resistance, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 33], Sch. (= 2. kṣám) the earth, [VarBṛS.]; [Pañcat.] &c. (hence) the number ‘one’ N. of Durgā, [DevīP.] the Khadira tree (Acacia Catechu), [L.] N. of a species of the Atijagatī metre N. of a female shepherd, [BrahmaP.] of a Śākta authoress of Mantras of a river (= vetravatī), [Gal.] for kṣapā́ (night), [L.] kṣamā́ (instr. of 2. kṣám, q.v.), ind. on the earth, on the floor g. svar-ādi [cf. Gk. χαμᾶ-ζε, χαμά-θεν.] kṣamā́ (f. of °má, q.v.) kṣamā́ &c. See √ 1. kṣam. kṣama क्षम kṣamá mf(A)n. (g. pacādi) patient (said of the earth, perhaps with reference to 2. kṣám), [AV. xii, 1, 29] ifc. ([Pāṇ. iii, 2, 1], Vārtt. 8) enduring, suffering, bearing, submissive, resisting, [MBh.]; [Śak.]; [Kum. v, 40] adequate, competent, able, fit for (loc. or inf. or in comp., e.g. vayaṃ tyaktuṃ kṣamāḥ, ‘we are able to quit’, [Śāntiś.]), [Nal.]; [R.]; [Ragh.] &c. favourable to (gen.), [R. ii, 35, 31] bearable, tolerable, [Śak.]; [Pañcat.] (= [Subh.]) fit, appropriate, becoming, suitable, proper for (gen. dat., loc. inf. or in comp.), [MBh.] (e.g. kṣamaṃ kauravāṇām, ‘proper for the Kauravas’, [iii, 252]), [R.] (e.g. na sa kṣamaḥ kopayitum, ‘he is not a fit object, for anger’, [iv, 32, 20]) &c. kṣamá (as), m. ‘the patient’, N. of Śiva a kind of sparrow, [L.] kṣamá (am), n. propriety fitness, [W.] [cf. Hib. cam, ‘strong, mighty; power’; cama, ‘brave’.] kṣamp क्षम्प् cl. 1. 10.P. °pati, °payati, to suffer, bear, [Dhātup. xxxii, 77]; to love, like, [ib.] kṣamin क्षमिन् mfn. ([Pāṇ. iii, 2, 141]) id. (with loc.), [Yājñ. i, 133]; [ii, 200]; [MBh.]; [BhP.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [Vet.] kṣamya क्षम्य kṣámya mfn. being in the earth, terrestrial, χθόνιος [RV. ii, 14, 11] and [vii, 46, 2.] kṣámya See √ 1. kṣám. kṣamībhū क्षमीभू kṣamī-√ bhū to become able to do anything (dat.), [HPariś. i, 229.] kṣamatā क्षमता kṣama—tā f. ability, fitness, capability. kṣamita क्षमित mfn. pardoned, [MBh. ii, 1582.] kṣamitṛ क्षमितृ mfn. enduring, patient, [L.] kṣamuda क्षमुद m. n. (?) a particular high number, [Buddh.]; [L.] kṣamābhṛt क्षमाभृत् kṣamā-bhṛt m. ‘earth-supporter’, a mountain, [Kād.] a prince, [Śiś. xix, 30.] kṣamābhuj क्षमाभुज् kṣamā-bhuj m. patient, [W.] (k) ‘earth-enjoying’, a prince, king, [W.] kṣamāvat क्षमावत् kṣamā-vat mfn. patient, enduring, forbearing, [MBh.]; [R.] &c. tame (as elephants), [MBh. ii, 1878] kṣamasya क्षमस्य = kṣāmāsya (q.v.), [L.] kṣamatva क्षमत्व kṣama—tva n. id. (with loc. or ifc.), [Sāh.]; [Sarvad.] Comm. on [KapS.] and on [Mn. ix, 161.] kṣamavat क्षमवत् kṣama—vat mfn. knowing what is proper or right, [R. v, 89, 68] for kṣām°, q.v. kṣamāśīla क्षमाशील kṣamā-śīla mfn. practising patience, patient, [MBh.] kṣamāśipha क्षमाशिफ kṣamā-śipha mfn. having patience as fibres (said of the tree of knowledge), [Bcar. xiii, 65]. kṣamācara क्षमाचर kṣamā—cará mfn. being in the ground or under the earth, [VS. xvi, 57.] kṣamākara क्षमाकर kṣamā—kara mfn. ‘one who has patience with any one or is indulgent’, N. of a Yakṣa, [Gal.] kṣamāpaṇa क्षमापण n. the begging pardon, [Bhām.] kṣamāpara क्षमापर kṣamā-para mfn. very patient, forbearing. kṣamāpati क्षमापति kṣamā-pati m. ‘lord of the earth’, a king, [Rājat. v, 126.] kṣamāpaya क्षमापय Nom. P. Ā. °yati, °yate, to ask any one's (acc.) pardon, [BhP. iv]; [v, 10, 16]; [ix, 4, 71.] kṣamātala क्षमातल kṣamā-tala n. the surface of the earth, ground, [Bālar. iii, 79.] kṣamāvatī क्षमावती kṣamā-vatī f. N. of the wife of Nidhi-pati. kṣamaṇīya क्षमणीय mfn. to be suffered or patiently borne, [R. v, 79, 9]; [vii, 13, 36.] kṣamācārya क्षमाचार्य m. N. of a Śākta author of Mantras. kṣamādaṃśa क्षमादंश kṣamā-daṃśa m. Moringa pterygosperma, [L.] kṣamānvita क्षमान्वित mfn. endowed with patience, patient, forgiving (with loc.), [Mn. vii, 32], &c. kṣamāpanna क्षमापन्न mfn. = °mānvita. kṣamāvarta क्षमावर्त m. ‘whirlpool of patience’, N. of a son of Devala, [VP.] kṣamāyukta क्षमायुक्त kṣamā-yukta mfn. = °mānvita. kṣamitavya क्षमितव्य mfn. to be endured or patiently borne or pardoned, [R. v, 24, 7.] kṣamātanaya क्षमातनय kṣamā-tanaya m. ‘son of the earth’, the planet Mars, [VarBṛS. vi, 11.] kṣamāṣoḍaśī क्षमाषोडशी kṣamā-ṣoḍaśī f. N. of wk. kṣamāśramaṇa क्षमाश्रमण kṣamā-śramaṇa m. a Jaina ascetic, [HPariś.] kṣamākalyāṇa क्षमाकल्याण kṣamā—kalyāṇa m. N. of a pupil of Jinalābha-sūri (who composed 1794 A.D. a Comm. on the Jīva-vicāra). kṣamāmaṇḍala क्षमामण्डल kṣamā-maṇḍala n. the orb, whole earth, [Prab.] kṣamāliṅgātmapīḍāvat क्षमालिङ्गात्मपीडावत् kṣamā-liṅgātma-pīḍā-vat mfn. (any legal affair) in which testimonies for patience practised and an estimate of one's damage or loss are given Comm. on [Yājñ. ii, 6.]