ap अप् áp n. (gen. apás), work (according to [NBD.]), [RV. i, 151, 4.] áp f. (in Ved. used in sing. and pl., but in the classical language only in pl., ā́pas) water air, the intermediate region, [Naigh.] the star δ Virginis the Waters considered as divinities. ifc. may become apa or īpa, ūpa after i- and u- stems respectively. [cf. Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva, ‘a river’; Old Germ. aha, and affa at the end of compounds; Lith. uppê, ‘a river’; perhaps Lat. amnis, ‘a river’, for apnis cf. also ἀϕρός] apī अपी ápī See ápya. (√ i), (Ved.) ápy-eti to go in or near; to enter into or upon; to come near, approach (also in copulation, [RV. ii, 43, 2] ind.p. apī́tyā); to partake, have a share in; to join to pour out (as a river). apa अप ápa ind. (as a prefix to nouns and verbs, expresses) away, off, back (opposed to úpa, ánu, sam, pra) down (opposed to ud). When prefixed to nouns, it may sometimes = the neg. particle a, e.g. apa-bhī, fearless; or may express deterioration, inferiority, &c. (cf. apa-pāṭha). (As a separable particle or adverb in Ved., with abl.) away from, on the outside of, without, with the exception of [cf. Gk. ἀπό; Lat. ab; Goth. af; Eng. of]. ape अपे (√ i) P. Ā. apaiti, ápāyati (impf. Ā. ápāyata, [RV. x, 72, 6]) to go away, withdraw, retire, run away, escape; to vanish, disappear. api अपि ápi or sometimes pi (see pi-dṛbh, pi-dhā, pi-nah), expresses placing near or over, uniting to, annexing, reaching to, proximity, &c. [cf. Gk. ἐπί; Zend api; Germ. and Eng. prefix be] in later Sanskṛt its place seems frequently supplied by abhi. (As a separable adv.) and, also, moreover, besides, assuredly, surely suppose that, perhaps, [Jātakam.] api api or api-ca, as well as na vāpi or na apivā or na nacāpi, neither, nor, cāpi, (and at the beginning of a sentence) api-ca, moreover. is often used to express emphasis, in the sense of even, also, very e.g. anyad api, also another, something more adyāpi, this very day, even now tathāpi, even thus, notwithstanding yady api, even if, although yadyapi tathāpi, although, nevertheless na kadācid api, never at any time: sometimes in the sense of but, only, at least, e.g. muhūrtam api, only a moment. may be affixed to an interrogative to make it indefinite, e.g. ko 'pi, any one kutrāpi, anywhere. imparts to numerals the notion of totality, e.g. caturṇām api varṇānām, of all the four castes. may be interrogative at the beginning of a sentence. may strengthen the original force of the Potential, or may soften the Imperative, like the English ‘be pleased to’; sometimes it is a mere expletive. api tu but, but yet. (api-api), as well-as, ib. apāc अपाच् (√ ac), (Imper. -aca) to drive away, [RV. ix, 97, 54.] apād अपाद् a-pā́d See a-pád, p. 49, col. 2. apāj अपाज् (√ aj), (impf. -ājat; p. apā́jat; Imper. 2. sg. -aja) to drive away, [RV.]; [AitBr.] apāk अपाक् ápāk and 1. ápāka. See ápāñc. ápāk ind. westward, [RV.]; [VS.] apān अपान् (√ an), apāniti, or apānati [[AV. xi, 4, 14]] to breathe out, expire, [ŚBr. xiv]; [ChUp.]; pr. p. apānát mf(tI/)n. breathing out, [RV. x, 189, 2]; [AV.] apār अपार् (apa-√ ṛ), to open by removing anything, [RV. v, 45, 6] (Subj. Ā. 3. sg. ápa ṛṇutá), [ix, 10, 6] (3. pl. ápa ṛṇvanti) and [102, 8] (impf. 2. sg. ṛṇór ápa). apās अपास् ápās (√ as), ‘to be absent from, not to participate in’, see apa-pare. (√ as), to fling away, throw away or off, discard, to scare, drive away; to leave behind; to take no notice of, disregard. apad अपद् a-pád or á-pad [only [ŚBr. xiv]] mfn. nom. (m.) a-pā́d (f.) a-pā́d [[RV. i, 152, 3] and [vi, 59, 6]] or a-pádī [[RV. x, 22, 14]], footless, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] apas अपस् ápas n. (fr. áp), work, action, especially sacred act, sacrificial act, [RV.][Lat. opus.] apás mfn. active, skilful in any art, [RV.] apás (ásas), f. pl. N. of the hands and fingers (when employed in kindling the sacred fire and in performing the sacrifices), [RV.] of the three goddesses of sacred speech, [RV.]; [VS.] of the active or running waters, [RV.]; [AV.] apás mfn. (fr. 2. áp), watery. (So some passages of the Ṛg-veda [[i, 95, 4], &c.] may (according to [NBD.] and others) be translated where the word is applied to the running waters See 2. apás at end and apás-tama.) apej अपेज् (√ īj), ápejate to drive away, [RV. v, 48, 2] and [vi, 64, 3.] apeṣ अपेष् (√ īṣ), (aor. 3. sg. ápa aíyeḥ) to withdraw from (abl.), [RV. v, 2, 8.] apit अपित् a-pít mfn. (√ pi), not swelling, dry, [RV. vii, 82, 3.] a-pit mfn. (in Gr.) not having the it or Anu-bandha p, [Pāṇ.] apobh अपोभ् (√ ubh), (Imper. 2. pl. ápombhata) to bind, fetter, [AV. viii, 8, 11.] apoh अपोह् (√ 1. ūh), -ūhati (impf. ápauhat) to strip off, push away, frighten away, [RV.] &c., to remove or heal (diseases), [Suśr.]; Ā. to keep away from one's self, avoid, [Mn.]; to give up, [Ragh.]; (in disputation) to object, deny, [Sāh.] apoṣ अपोष् (√ uṣ) = apa- √ 2. vas, q.v. apsā अप्सा apsā́ See s.v. ap-sā́ mfn. (√ san), giving water, [RV.] apsu अप्सु for words beginning thus, see s.v. . á-psu mfn. without food, [RV. vii, 4, 6.] apsú (loc. pl. of áp, q.v.), in the water or waters. apta अप्त See án-apta. aptu अप्तु aptú mfn. small, tender [Comm.; but perhaps connected with aptúr above, because also, applied to the Soma] [MaitrS.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.] aptú m. body, [Uṇ.] apus अपुस् n. v.l. for vápus, [Naigh.] apvā अप्वा apvā́ (3; ápvā, [Naigh.]) f. ‘Impurity’, N. of a deity presiding over evacuation from fright, [RV. x, 103, 12] (voc. apve), [AV. ix, 8, 9] (acc. apvā́m). apva अप्व mf(A)n. abounding in water, [MānGṛ.] apya अप्य ápya (2, 3) mf(a/pyA; once a/pI, RV. vi, 67, 9) n being in water, coming from water, connected with water, [RV.] (cf. 3. ā́pya). ápya See 2. áp. apādhā अपाधा apā-√ dhā (Subj. 1. sg. -dadhāni) to take off, loosen from, [KauṣBr.] apāṇi अपाणि a-pāṇi mfn. handless, [MBh.] apāṭha अपाठ a-pāṭha m. ‘cessation of recital or of study’, a holiday, [Divyāv.] apāñc अपाञ्च् ápāñc mfn. āṅ, ācī, āk (fr. 2. añc), going or situated backwards, behind, [RV.] & [AV.] western (opposed to prāñc), [ib.] southern, [L.] apācī अपाची f. the south, [L.] apādā अपादा apā-√ 1. dā Ā. to take off or away, [ŚBr.]; [Kauś.] apāda अपाद a-pāda mfn. not divided into Pādas not metrical. apāhṛ अपाहृ apā-√ hṛ Ā. to take off, [ŚBr.] apākā अपाका apākā́ (an old instr. case of 1. ápāñc) ind. far, [RV. i, 129, 1.] apākṝ अपाकॄ apā-√ 1. kṝ to throw any one off; to abandon, to contemn. apāka अपाक a-pāka mfn. (√ pac), immature, raw, unripe (said of fruits and of sores) a-pāka m. immaturity indigestion, [Suśr.] ápāka mfn. coming from a distant place, distant, [RV.]; [VS.] apākṛ अपाकृ apā-√ 1. kṛ to remove, drive away, (Ved. Inf. apā́kartoḥ), [MaitrS.]; to cast off, reject, desist from, [MBh.] &c.; to select for a present, [PBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to reject (an opinion). apālā अपाला a-pālā́ f. N. of a daughter of Atri, [RV. viii, 91, 7], &c. apāla अपाल a-pāla mf(A)n. unguarded, unprotected, undefended apāli अपालि a-pāli mfn. having no tip of the ear, [Suśr.] mfn. free from bees, &c., [L.] (see ali). apālu अपालु (prob.) m. (said to be fr. √ āp) the wind, [L.] apāna अपान apāná m. (opposed to prāṇá), that of the five vital airs which goes downwards and out at the anus the anus, [MBh.] (in this sense also (am) n., [L.]) N. of a Sāman, [PBr.] ventris crepitus, [L.] apāpa अपाप a-pāpa mf(A)n. sinless, virtuous, pure. apārch अपार्छ् (apa-√ ṛch), to retire, [L.] apāra अपार a-pārá mfn. not having an opposite shore, [TS.] not having a shore, unbounded, boundless (applied to the earth, or to heaven and earth, [ródasī], &c.), [RV.] &c. difficult to be got at, [R.] a-pārá (as), m. ‘not the opposite bank’, the bank on this side (of a river), [MBh. viii, 2381] a-pārá (am), n. (in Sāṅkhya phil.) ‘a bad shore’, ‘the reverse of pāra’, a kind of mental indifference or acquiescence the reverse of mental acquiescence, [L.] the boundless sea. apāsṛ अपासृ apā-√ sṛ (apa-ā-; or apā for apa, the ā standing in the antepenultimate of a śloka), to turn off from, avoid (with abl.), [Yājñ. ii, 262.] apāsi अपासि mfn. having a bad or no sword. apāsu अपासु mfn. lifeless, [Naiṣ.] apātī अपाती (√ i) to escape (with acc.), [GopBr.] apāvṛ अपावृ apā-√ 1. vṛ (apā = apa cf. apa- √ 1. vṛ), -vṛṇoti, to open, uncover, reveal, [Lāṭy.]; [Up.] &c. apāya अपाय See ape. m. going away, departure destruction, death, annihilation injury, loss misfortune, evil, calamity. apījū अपीजू apī-jū́ m(du. -ju/vA)fn. impelling, [RV. ii, 31, 5.] apīḍā अपीडा a-pīḍā f. id. apīta अपीत ápīta mfn. gone into, entered, [ŚBr. x] (used for the etym. of svapiti), [ChUp.] (cf. svāpyayā.) a-pīta mfn. not drunk not having drunk, [MBh. ii, 1902.] apīti अपीति ápīti f. entering into, [RV. i, 121, 10], dissolving, dissolution, [ŚBr.]; [Up.] apūjā अपूजा a-pūjā f. irreverence, disrespect. apūpa अपूप apūpá m. (cf. pūpa), cake of flour, meal, &c., [RV.] &c. a kind of fine bread honeycomb, [ChUp.] wheat, [L.] apūra अपूर a-pūra mfn. not to be filled or satisfied, not to be quenched (as thirst), [BhP.] apūta अपूत á-pūta mfn. impure, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.] not purified (by purificatory rites), [Mn.]; [Gaut.] apabhī अपभी apa-bhī mfn. id. apabhū अपभू apa-√ bhū (Imper. -bhavatu and -bhūtu [[RV. i, 131, 7]]; aor. Subj. 2. sg. -bhūs, 2. pl. -bhūtana) to be absent, be deficient, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.] apadhā अपधा apa-√ dhā (Imper. -dadhātu; aor. Pass. -dhāyi) to take off, place aside, [RV. iv, 28, 2]; [vi, 20, 5] and [x, 164, 3.] apa-dhā́ f. hiding, shutting up, [RV. ii, 12, 3.] apadhū अपधू apa-√ dhū (1. sg. -dhūnomi) to shake off, [ŚāṅkhGṛ.] apaśu अपशु á-paśu m. not cattle i.e. cattle not fit to be sacrificed, [TS.]; [ŚBr.] a-paśú mfn. deprived of cattle, poor, [TS.]; [ŚBr.] having no victim, [ĀśvGṛ.] apathā अपथा á-pathā f. N. of various plants. apatha अपथ á-patha n. not a way, absence of a road, pathless state, [AV.] &c., wrong way, deviation heresy, heterodoxy, [L.] á-patha mf(A)n., pathless, roadless, [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 30], Sch. apaṭha अपठ a-paṭha m. unable to read, [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 157] seq. Sch. apacī अपची apa-cī f. a disease consisting in an enlargement of the glands of the neck, [Suśr.] apaca अपच a-paca mfn. not able to cook, a bad cook, [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 157] seq. Sch. apaci अपचि apa-√ 2. ci (Imper. 2. sg. -cikīhi) to pay attention to, to respect, [AV. i, 10, 4.] apa-√ 1. ci -cinoti, to gather, collect: Pass. -cīyate, to be injured in health or prosperity; to grow less; to wane; (with abl.) to lose anything, [MBh.] apadṝ अपदॄ apa-√ dṝ Intens. p. apa-dárdrat mfn. tearing open, [RV. vi, 17, 5.] apada अपद á-pada n. no place, no abode, [AV.] the wrong place or time, [Kathās.] &c. á-pada mfn. footless, [Pañcat.] apagā अपगा apa-gā f. = āpa-gā, [L.] apa-√ 1. gā to go away, vanish, retire (with abl.), [VS.] &c. apagai अपगै apa-√ gai to break off singing, cease to sing, [GopBr.]; [Vait.] apagṝ अपगॄ apa-√ 2. gṝ Intens. part. -járgurāṇa (mfn.) ([Gmn.] & [NBD.]) devouring, [RV. v, 29, 4.] apaga अपग ápa-ga mf(A)n. going away, turning away from (abl.), [AV. i, 34, 5] (cf. án-apaga) apahā अपहा apa-√ 2. hā Ā. -jihīte (aor. 3. pl. -ahāsata Subj. 1. pl. -hāsmahi), to run away from (abl.) or off, [RV.] apa-√ 3. hā Ā. (aor. Subj. 2. sg. -hāsthāḥ) to remain behind, fall short, not reach the desired end, [AV. xviii, 3, 73] : Pass. -hīyate, to grow less, decrease (in strength, balam), [Suśr.] apaha अपह apa-ha mfn. ifc. keeping back, repelling, removing, destroying (e.g. śokāpaha, q.v.) apahṛ अपहृ apa-√ hṛ to snatch away, carry off, plunder; to remove, throw away: Caus. -hārayati See apa-hārita below. (also) to captivate, [Divyāv.] apahi अपहि apa-√ hi to throw off, disengage or deliver one's self from (acc.), [BhP.] apaji अपजि apa-√ ji to ward off, keep off or out, [ŚBr.]; [Kāṭh.]; [PBr.] to win from (with punaḥ, ‘to reconquer’), [TS.] apakṝ अपकॄ apa-√ 1. kṝ Ā. apa-s-kirate ([Pāṇ. vi, 1, 142]) to scrape with the feet, [Uttarar.]; (cf. ava-√ s-kṝ) : P. apa-kirati, to spout out, spurt, scatter, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 21] Comm.; to throw down, [L.] apakṛ अपकृ apa-√ 1. kṛ to carry away, remove, drag away; (with gen. or acc.) to hurt, wrong, injure: Caus. -kārayati, to hurt, wrong, injure: Caus. -kārayati, to hurt wrong. apala अपल n. a pin or bolt, [L.] a-pala mfn. fleshless. apamā अपमा apa-√ 3. mā (ind.p. -mā́ya; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 69]) to measure off, measure, [AV. xix, 57, 6.] apama अपम apamá mfn. (fr. ápa), the most distant, the last, [RV. x, 39, 3]; [AV. x, 4, 1] apamá m. (in astron.) the declination of a planet. apame अपमे apa-√ me cl. 1. Ā. -mayate (ind.p. -mitya, or -māya) to be in debt to, owe, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 19], Sch. apanī अपनी apa-√ nī to lead away or off; to rob, steal, take or drag away; to remove, frighten away; to put off or away (as garments, ornaments, or fetters); to extract, take from; to deny Comm. on [Mn. viii, 53], [59]; to except, exclude from a rule Comm. on [RPrāt.] : Desid. -ninīṣati, to wish to remove Comm. on [Mn. i, 27.] apanu अपनु apa-√ 3. nu to put aside, [ŚāṅkhGṛ.] apapa अपप m. (with Buddhists) a partic. cold hell, [Dharmas. 122]. apapṛ अपपृ apa-√ 1. pṛ (aor. Subj. 2. sg. parṣi) to drive or scare away from (abl.), [RV. i, 129, 5.] aparā अपरा áparā f. the west, [L.] the hind quarter of an elephant, [L.] the womb, [L.] f. (with vidyā) the exoteric Vedānta doctrine (as opp. to parā v°, ‘the esoteric’), [IndSt.] aparī अपरी aparī́ f. (used in the pl.) the future, [RV.]; [ŚBr.] apara अपर a-para mfn. having nothing beyond or after, having no rival or superior. ápara mf(A)n. (fr. ápa), posterior, later, latter (opposed to pū́rva; often in comp.) following western inferior, lower (opposed to pára) other, another (opposed to svá) different (with abl.) being in the west of distant, opposite. Sometimes is used as a conjunction to connect words or sentences, e.g. aparaṃ-ca, moreover ápara (as), m. the hind foot of an elephant, [Śiś.] also (e), m. pl. others (= anye, used to indicate a various reading), Hāla, Sch. apará (ám)/ [[RV. vi, 33, 5]], n. the future, [RV.]; [ŚBr.] [cf. Goth. and Old Germ. afar, and the Mod. Germ. aber, in such words as Aber-mal, Aber-witz]. apasū अपसू apa-√ sū (1. sg. -suvāmi; Imper. 2. sg. -suva; aor. Subj. -sāviṣat) to drive off, [RV. x, 37, 4] and [100, 8]; [AV.]; [VS.] apasṛ अपसृ apa-√ sṛ (impf. -sarat) to slip off from (abl.), [RV. iv, 30, 10]; to go away, retreat: Caus. -sārayati, to make or let go away, remove. apati अपति á-pati m. not a husband or master, [AV. viii, 6, 16] á-pati f. ‘without a husband or master’, either an unmarried person or a widow.