pra : prá ind. before

pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])

pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna

pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta

pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra

pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.

pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]

pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling

pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)

pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).

vācam : acc. of vāc, in comp.

vāc : vā́c f. (fr. √ vac) speech, voice, talk, language (also of animals), sound (also of inanimate objects as of the stones used for pressing, of a drum &c.), [RV.] &c. &c. (vācam-√ ṛ, īr, or iṣ, to raise the voice, utter a sound, cry, call)

vāc : a word, saying, phrase, sentence, statement, asseveration, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (vācaṃ-√ vad, to speak words; vācaṃ vyā-√ hṛ, to utter words; vācaṃ-√ dā with dat., to address words to; vācā satyaṃ-√ kṛ, to promise verbally in marriage, plight troth)

vāc : Speech personified (in various manners or forms, e.g. as Vāc Āmbhṛṇī in [RV. x, 125]; as the voice of the middle sphere in [Naigh.] & [Nir.]; in the Veda she is also represented as created by Prajā-pati and married to him; in other places she is called the mother of the Vedas and wife of Indra; in [VP.] she is the daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Kaśyapa; but most frequently she is identified with Bhāratī or Sarasvatī, the goddess of speech; vācaḥ sāma and vāco vratam N. of Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]; vācaḥ stomaḥ, a partic. Ekāha, [ŚrS.])

indu : índu m. (√ und, [Uṇ. i, 13]; probably fr. ind = √ und, ‘to drop’ [see p. 165, col. 3, and cf. índra]; perhaps connected with bindu, which last is unknown in the Ṛg-veda, [BRD.]), Ved. a drop (especially of Soma), Soma, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

indu : a bright drop, a spark, [TS.]

indu : the moon

indu : m. pl. (avas) the moons i.e. the periodic changes of the moon

indu : time of moonlight, night, [RV.]; [MBh.]; [Śak.]; [Megh.] &c.

indu : camphor, [Bhpr.]

indu : the point on a die, [AV. vii, 109, 6]

indu : N. of Vāstoṣpati, [RV. vii, 54, 2]

indu : a symbolic expression for the number ‘one’

indu : designation of the Anusvāra

indu : a coin, [L.] (In the Brāhmaṇas, is used only for the moon; but the connexion between the meanings ‘Soma juice’ and ‘moon’ in the word has led to the same two ideas being transferred in classical Sanskṛt to the word soma, although the latter has properly only the sense ‘Soma juice’.)

indu : the weight of a silver Pala, [L.]

iṣ : cl. 1. P. eṣati (see anu- √ and pari- √ ) Ā. eṣate, to seek, search, [BhP.] : cl. 4. P. íṣyati and 9. P. Ā. iṣṇā́ti (p. iṣṇát, [RV. i, 181, 6], and iṣṇāná, [RV. i, 61, 13]; pf. 3. pl. īṣus, [RV.], and īṣiré, [AV.]; aiṣīt; inf. iṣádhyai, [RV. vii, 43, 1]) to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing, [RV.]; to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge; to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; to impel, incite, animate, promote, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

iṣ : ifc. mfn. moving quickly, speedy. See aram-iṣ.

iṣ : cl. 6. P., ep. and Ved. also Ā. ic-cháti (Subj. icchāt, [RV.]; [AV.]), icchate ([AV. xi, 5, 17]; impf. aicchat, iyeṣa and īṣe, eṣiṣyate, aiṣīt, eṣitum or eṣṭum), to endeavour to obtain, strive, seek for, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.]; to endeavour to make favourable; to desire, wish, long for, request; to wish or be about to do anything, intend, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [R.]; [Hit.]; [Śak.] &c.; to strive to obtain anything (acc.) from any one (abl. or loc.); to expect or ask anything from any one, [MBh.]; [Mn.]; [Śak.]; [Ragh.]; [Hit.] &c.; to assent, be favourable, concede, [KātyŚr.]; [Mn.]; [Kathās.]; to choose, [Mn.]; to acknowledge, maintain, regard, think, [Pāṇ.] Comm. Pass. iṣyate, to be wished or liked; to be wanted, [MBh.]; [Hit.]; [Śak.] &c.; to be asked or requested; to be prescribed or ordered, [Mn.]; [R.]; to be approved or acknowledged; to be accepted or regarded as, [MBh.]; [Prab.]; [Yājñ.]; [Mn.] &c.; to be worth; to be wanted as a desideratum See 2. iṣṭi: Caus. eṣayati, (in surg.) to probe, [Suśr. ii, 7, 15] : Desid. eṣiṣiṣati;

iṣ : [with cf. Old Germ. eiscôm, ‘I ask’; Mod. Germ. heische; Angl.Sax. ásciani cf. also Gk. ἰό-της, ἵμερος; Lith. jëskóti; Russ. iskate, ‘to seek’.]

iṣ : mfn. ifc. seeking for (see gav-iṣ, paśv-iṣ, &c.)

iṣ : f. wish, [Hariv.] [cf. iṭ-cara].

iṣ : f. anything drunk, a draught, refreshment, enjoyment

iṣ : libation

iṣ : the refreshing waters of the sky

iṣ : sap, strength, freshness, comfort, increase

iṣ : good condition, affluence, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [AitBr.]

samudra : sam-udrá m. (n. only, [RV. vi, 72, 3]; ifc. f(A). cf. udrá, an-udrá; for sa-mudra See p. 1168, col. 2) ‘gathering together of waters’, the sea, ocean (in Veda also ‘the aerial waters’, ‘atmospheric ocean or sky’ [cf. [Naigh. i, 3]]; in [VP. ii, 4], seven circular concentric [elsewhere 3 or 4] oceans are named, viz. lavaṇa, ‘salt-water’; ikṣu, ‘syrup’; surā, ‘wine’; ghṛta, ‘clarified butter’; dadhi, ‘curds’; dugdha, ‘milk’; jala, ‘fresh water’; in later language the Ocean is often personified as king of the rivers), [RV.] &c. &c.

samudra : N. of the number, four (four principal oceans being reckoned by some, one for every quarter of the sky), [Gaṇit.]

samudra : a large Soma vessel, [RV. vi, 69, 6]; [ix, 29, 3] &c.

samudra : N. of an immensely high number (1 with 14 cyphers), [TS.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [MBh.]

samudra : a partic. configuration of the stars and planets (when the 7 planets are situated in the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th houses), [VarBṛS.]

samudra : = rukma, [VS.], Sch.

samudra : N. of Śiva, [MBh.]

samudra : of a Daitya, [Hariv.]

samudra : of various authors (also with sūri), [Cat.]

samudra : of the son of a merchant born on the sea, [Buddh.]

samudra : of other men, [HPariś.]

samudra : of a wk. quoted by Padmanābha, [Cat.]

samudra : of a place, [ib.]

samudra : sam-udrá m. n. N. of two Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]

samudra : of various metres, [TS.]; [Nidānas.] &c.

samudra : sa-mudra mf(A)n. (for sam-udra See p. 1166, col. 3) having a stamp or seal, stamped, sealed, marked, [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [Mudr.]

adhi : m. (better ādhi, q.v.), anxiety

adhi : f. a woman in her courses (= avi, q.v.), [L.]

adhi : ádhi ind., as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides. As a separable adverb or preposition

adhi : (with abl.) Ved. over

adhi : from above, from

adhi : from the presence of

adhi : after, [AitUp.]

adhi : for

adhi : instead of [RV. i, 140, 11], (with loc.) Ved. over

adhi : on

adhi : at

adhi : in comparison with

adhi : (with acc.) over, upon, concerning.

viṣṭap : vi-ṣṭáp f. top, summit, surface, highest part, height (esp. of heaven), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.]; [ĀśvŚr.]

ji : cl. 1. jáyati, °te (impf. ájayat; aor. ajaiṣīt, Ved. ájais, 1. pl. ájaiṣma, jéṣma, 2. sg. jes and Ā. jéṣi Subj. jéṣat, °ṣas, °ṣāma, [RV.]; aor. Ā. ajeṣṭa; fut. 1st. jétā, [RV.] &c.; fut. 2nd. jeṣyáti, [x, 34, 6] &c.; pf. jigā́ya [[Pāṇ. vii, 3, 57]], jigetha, jigyur; p. jigīvás [°givás, [TS. i, 7, 8, 4]; acc. pl. °gyúṣas] [RV.] &c.; Inf. jiṣé, [i, 111, 4] and [112, 12]; jétave, [TBr. ii]; Class. jetum: Pass. jīyate, ajīyata [[Ragh. xi, 65]], ajāyi, jāyiṣyate; for jī́yate and cl. 9. jinā́ti See √ jyā) to win or acquire (by conquest or in gambling), conquer (in battle), vanquish (in a game or lawsuit), defeat, excel, surpass, [RV.] &c. (with púnar, ‘to reconquer’, [TS. vi, 3, 1, 1]); to conquer (the passions), overcome or remove (any desire or difficulties or diseases), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to expel from (abl.), [ŚBr. iii, 6, 1, 17]; to win anything (acc.) from (acc.), vanquish anyone (acc.) in a game (acc.), [ŚBr. iii, 6, 1, 28]; [xiv, 6, 8, 1] and [12]; [MBh. iii]; [Daś.]; [Pāṇ. i, 4, 51]; [Siddh.]; to be victorious, gain the upper hand, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr. iii]; [MuṇḍUp.]; [Mn. vii, 201]; [MBh.]; often pr. in the sense of an Impv. ‘long live!’ ‘glory to’, [Śak.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Laghuj.]; [Bhartṛ.] &c.: Caus. jāpayati ([Pāṇ. vi, 1, 48] and [vii, 3, 36]) to cause to win, [VS. ix, 11 f.]; (aor. 2. pl. ájījipata and ájījap°), [TS. i, 7, 8, 4] and [ŚBr. v, 1, 5, 11 f.]; [ĀśvŚr. ix, 9]; to conquer, [MBh. vii, 66, 6] (aor. ajījayat) : Pass. jāpyate, to be made to conquer, [W.] : Desid. jígīṣati, °te ([Pāṇ. vii, 3, 57]; p. °ṣat, °ṣamāṇa) to wish to win or obtain or conquer or excel, [AV. xi, 5, 18]; [TS. ii]; [ŚBr.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [MBh.] &c.; (Ā.) to seek for prey, [RV. x, 4, 3] : Intens. jejīyate, [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 57], [Kāś.]

ji : mfn. conquering, [L.]

ji : m. a Piśāca, [L.]

kośa : kóśa m. (n., [L.]; in class. literature , or koṣa; fr. √ kuś or kuṣ?, related to kukṣí and koṣṭha?), a cask, vessel for holding liquids, (metaphorically) cloud, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Suśr.]

kośa : a pail, bucket, [RV.]

kośa : a drinking-vessel, cup, [L.]

kośa : a box, cupboard, drawer, trunk, [RV. vi, 47, 23]; [AV. xix, 72, 1]; [ŚBr.]

kośa : the interior or inner part of a carriage, [RV.]

kośa : (ifc.), [MBh. viii, 1733]

kośa : a sheath, scabbard, &c., [MBh.]; [R.]; [VarBṛS.]

kośa : a case, covering, cover, [AV.]; [ChUp.]; [MuṇḍUp.]; [TUp.]; [PārGṛ.]; [BhP.]

kośa : store-room, store, provisions, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

kośa : a treasury, apartment where money or plate is kept, treasure, accumulated wealth (gold or silver, wrought or unwrought, as plate, jewellery, &c.), [ib.]

kośa : (in surg.) a kind of bandage, [Suśr.]

kośa : a dictionary, lexicon or vocabulary

kośa : a poetical collection, collection of sentences &c., [Kāvyād. i, 13]; [Sāh.]

kośa : a bud, flower-cup, seed-vessel (cf. bīja-), [R.]; [Ragh.]; [BhP.]; [Dhūrtas.]

kośa : the sheath or integument of a plant, pod, nut-shell, [MārkP.]

kośa : a nutmeg, [L.]

kośa : the inner part of the fruit of Artocarpus integrifolia and of similar fruits, [L.]

kośa : the cocoon of a silk-worm, [Yājñ. iii, 147]; [Vedāntas.]

kośa : the membrane covering an egg (in the womb), [Suśr.]; [VarBṛ.]; [MārkP.]

kośa : the vulva, [L.]

kośa : a testicle or the scrotum, [Suśr.]; [VarBṛS.]

kośa : the penis, [W.]

kośa : an egg, [L.]

kośa : (in Vedānta phil.) a term for the three sheaths or succession of cases which make up the various frames of the body enveloping the soul (these are, 1. the ānanda-maya k° or ‘sheath of pleasure’, forming the kāraṇa-śarīra or ‘causal frame’; 2. the vijñāna-maya or buddhi-m° or mano-m° or prāṇa-m° k°, ‘the sheath of intellect or will or life’, forming the sūkṣma-śarīra or ‘subtile frame’; 3. the anna-m° k°, ‘the sheath of nourishment’, forming the sthūla-śarīra or ‘gross frame’), [Vedāntas.]

kośa : (ifc.) a ball or globe (e.g. sūtra-, a ball of thread, [L.]; netra-, the eye-ball, [R. iii, 79, 28])

kośa : the water used at an ordeal or judicial trial (the defendant drinks thrice of it after some idol has been washed in it), [Yājñ. ii, 95]

kośa : an oath, [Rājat. v, 325]

kośa : a cup used in the ratification of a treaty of peace (°śaṃ-√ pā, to drink from that cup), [Rājat. vii, 8]; [75]; [460] and [493]; [viii, 283]

kośa : N. of a conjunction of planets, [VarBṛS.]

kośa : of the 2nd astrological mansion, [VarYogay.]

kośa : (with Buddhists) of a collection of Gāthā verses, [Kāraṇḍ.]; [Hcar.]

madhuścut : madhu—ścút mfn. distilling sweetness, overflowing with sweets, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] &c.