satyam : satyám (ám), ind. (g. cādi and svar-ādi) truly, indeed, certainly, verily, necessarily, yes, very well (satyam-tu, kiṃ tu, tathāpi, ‘it is true — but, yet, however’; yat satyam, ‘indeed, certainly’), [RV.] &c. &c. [cf. accord. to some, Gk. ἐτεός.]

satya : satyá mf(A)n. true, real, actual, genuine, sincere, honest, truthful, faithful, pure, virtuous, good, successful, effectual, valid (satyaṃ-√ kṛ, ‘to make true, ratify, realise, fulfil’), [RV.] &c. &c.

satya : satyá m. the uppermost of the seven Lokas or worlds (the abode of Brahmā and heaven of truth; see loka), [L.]

satya : N. of the ninth Kalpa (q.v.), [Pur.]

satya : the Aśvattha tree, [L.]

satya : N. of Viṣṇu, [L.]

satya : of Rāma-candra, [L.]

satya : of a supernatural being, [Gaut.]; [VarBṛS.]; [Hcat.]

satya : of a deity presiding over the Nāndī-mukha Śrāddha, [L.]

satya : of one of the Viśve Devāḥ, [Cat.]

satya : of a Vyāsa, [Cat.]

satya : of a son of Havir-dhāna, [BhP.]

satya : of a son of Vitatya, [MBh.]

satya : of one of the 7 Ṛṣis in various Manvantaras, [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

satya : (with ācārya) N. of an astronomer (author of the Horā-śāstra), [VarBṛS.]

satya : pl. N. of a class of gods in various Manvantaras, [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

satya : satyá (am), n. truth, reality (satyena, ‘truly’, ‘certainly’, ‘really’; kásmāt sátyāt, ‘for what reason, how is it that?’ téna satyéna, ‘for that reason, so truly’; yathā-tena [or evaṃ] satyena, ‘as-so truly’; with Buddhists truth is of two kinds, viz. saṃvṛti- and paramārtha-satyam, ‘truth by general consent’ and ‘self-evident truth’, [Dharmas. 95]; for the four fundamental truths of Buddhists See [MWB. 43]; [56]), [RV.] &c. &c.

satya : speaking the truth, sincerity, veracity, [KenUp.]; [Mn.]; [R.] &c.

satya : a solemn asseveration, vow, promise, oath (satyaṃ cikīrṣamāṇa, ‘wishing to fulfil one's promise or keep one's word’), [AV.] &c. &c.

satya : demonstrated conclusion, dogma, [W.]

satya : the quality of goodness or purity or knowledge, [MW.]

satya : the first of the four Yugas or ages (= 1. -kṛtá, q.v.), [L.]

satya : a partic. mythical weapon, [R.]

satya : the uppermost of the 7 Lokas (see under m.), [Vedāntas.]; [BhP.]

satya : one of the 7 Vyāhṛtis, [L.]

satya : partic. Satya-formula, [ĀśvŚr.]

satya : = udaka, water, [Naigh. i, 12]

satya : (also with prajāpateḥ) N. of Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]; [ŚrS.]

satya : &c. See p. 1135, col. 3.

it : ifc. going, going towards

it : cf. arthét

it : (for 2. See s.v.)

it : (in Gr.) an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots &c. (= anubandha, q.v.)

it : for the Ved. particle id, q.v.

id : íd ind. Ved. (probably the neut. form of the pronom. base i See 3. i; a particle of affirmation) even, just, only

id : indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, e.g. yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd asat, as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be, [RV. viii, 28, 4]; dípsanta íd ripávo nā́ha debhuḥ, the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt, [RV. i, 147, 3]). is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (e.g. viśva it, every one indeed; śaśvad it, constantly indeed; eka it, one only). At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (e.g. tvam it, thou indeed; yadi it, if indeed, &c.) occurs often in the Ṛg-veda and Atharva-veda, seldom in the Brāhmaṇas, and its place is taken in classical Sanskṛt by eva and other particles.

mahenadi : mahe-nadi See under 1. mahi, p. 802, col. 3.

paruṣa : paruṣá mf(A)n. (older f. páruṣṇī) knotty (as reed), [AV.]

paruṣa : spotted, variegated, dirty-coloured, [RV.] &c. &c.

paruṣa : hard, stiff, rugged, rough, uneven, shaggy, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

paruṣa : intertwined with creepers (as a tree), [Kathās.]

paruṣa : piercing, keen, sharp, violent, harsh, severe, unkind, [ib.] (am ind.)

paruṣa : paruṣá m. a reed, [AV.]

paruṣa : an arrow, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [Lāṭy.]

paruṣa : Grewia Asiatica or Xylocarpus Granatum, [L.]

paruṣa : N. of a demon, [Suparṇ.]

paruṣa : paruṣá n. harsh and contumelious speech, abuse, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

paruṣa : the fruit of Grewia Asiatica or Xylocarpus Granatum, [L.]

paruṣa : a species of Barleria with blue flowers, [L.]

paruṣa : See under paru.

ava : áva m. favour, [RV. i, 128, 5]

ava : (cf. niravát.)

ava : áva ind. (as a prefix to verbs and verbal nouns expresses) off, away, down, [RV.] &c.

ava : (exceptionally as a preposition with abl.) down from, [AV. vii, 55, 1]

ava : (for another use of this preposition See ava-kokila.)

ava : (only gen. du. avór with vām, ‘of you both’, corresponding to sá tvám, ‘thou’, &c.), this, [RV. vi, 67, 11]; [vii, 67, 4] and (vā for vām), [x, 132, 5]

ava : [Zd. pron. ava; Slav. ovo; cf. also the syllable, αὐ in αὐ-τός, αὖ, αὖθι, &c.; Lat. au-t, au-tem, &c.]

diś : cl. 3. P. dídeṣṭi (Imper. dídeṣṭu, [RV.]; cl. 6. diśáti, °te [later the only Pres. stem]; pf. didéśa, didiśé; fut. dekṣyati, °te [deṣṭā, [Siddh.]]; aor. adikṣat, [ŚBr.] &c.; adikṣi, ádiṣṭa, [RV.]; inf. deṣṭum, [MBh.] etc.; díśe, [RV.]) to point out, show, exhibit, [RV. viii, 82, 15]; to produce, bring forward (as a witness in a court of justice), [Mn. viii]; to promote, effect, accomplish, [Kir., i, 18]; to assign, grant, bestow upon (dat. [RV. ii, 41, 17]; [AV. xiv, 2, 13]; gen. [MBh. iii, 14278]; [xiii, 1843]; loc. [R. i, 2, 28]); to pay (tribute), [Hariv. 16061]; to order, command, bid (inf.), [Kir. v, 28] : Pass. diśyate, [MBh.] &c.: Caus. deśayati, °te; aor. adīdiśat, to show, point out, assign, [MBh.]; [R.]; to direct, order, command, [ib.]; teach, communicate, tell, inform, confess, [Buddh.] : Desid. didikṣati, °te, to wish to show &c.: Intens. dédiṣṭe, 3. pl. °śate, (p. f. pl. °śatīs) to show, exhibit, manifest, [RV.]; to order, command, [ib.] : Pass. dediśyate, to show or approve one's self, [AV.]; [VS.]

diś : [cf. Z. dis; Gk. δείκνυμι; Lat. dīco, in-dĭcare &c.; Goth. teihan; O. E. téon (fr. tíhan).]

diś : f. quarter or region pointed at, direction, cardinal point, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] &c. (four in number, viz. prācī, east; dakṣiṇā, south; pratīcī, west; and udīcī, north, [AV. xv, 2, 1]; [ĀśvGṛ. iv, 8] &c.; Sometimes a 5th, dhruvā, [AV. iii, 9, 15]; [ŚBr. ix, 4, 3, 10]; and a 6th, ūrdhvā, [AV. iii, 27, 1]; [ŚBr. xiv, 6, 11, 5]; and a 7th, vy-adhvā, [AV. iv, 40, l]; [ŚBr. ix, 5, 2, 8]; but oftener 8 are given i.e. the 4 cardinal and the 4 intermediate quarters, S.E., S.W., N.W., and N.E., [Mn. i, 13] [cf. upa-]; and even a 9th, and 10th, tiryak or adhas and ūrdhvam, [ŚBr. vi, 2, 2, 34]; [MBh. i, 729]; diśām pati [cf. dik-pati below] = Soma, [RV. ix, 113, 2], or = Rudra, [VS. xvi, 17])

diś : quarter, region, direction, place, part (pl., rarely sg. the whole world, e.g. diśi diśi, in all directions, everywhere, [Bhartṛ. i, 86]; digbhyas, from every quarter, [BhP. i, 15, 8] ; diśo diśas, hither and thither, [Pañc. ii, 116/117]; diśo'valokya, looking into the quarter of the sky i.e. into the air, [Ratn. iv, 4/5] díśo 'ntāt, from the extremities of the world, [ib.], Introd. 6)

diś : country, esp. foreign country, abroad (cf. dig-āgata and -lābha, below)

diś : space (beside kāla), [Kap. ii, 12]

diś : the numeral 10 (cf. above), [Śrutab.]; [Sūryas.]

diś : a hint, reference, instance, example, [Suśr.]; [Sāh.], Sch.; precept, order, manner, [RV.]

diś : [cf. δίκη O. H. G. zeiga (see also diśā)];

diś : mark of a bite, [L.]

diś : N. of a river, [MBh. vi, 327.]

diś : a vulgar form for dṛś, to see, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 1], Vārtt. 13, [Pat.]

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

īm : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), Ved. a particle of affirmation and restriction (generally after short words at the beginning of a period, or after the relative pronouns, the conjunction yad, prepositions and particles such as āt, uta, atha, &c.) has also the sense ‘now’ (= idānīm), and is by, [Sāy.] sometimes considered as an acc. case for enam, [RV.]; [VS.]

ap : áp n. (gen. apás), work (according to [NBD.]), [RV. i, 151, 4.]

ap : áp f. (in Ved. used in sing. and pl., but in the classical language only in pl., ā́pas) water

ap : air, the intermediate region, [Naigh.]

ap : the star δ Virginis

ap : the Waters considered as divinities. ifc. may become apa or īpa, ūpa after i- and u- stems respectively.

ap : [cf. Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva, ‘a river’; Old Germ. aha, and affa at the end of compounds; Lith. uppê, ‘a river’; perhaps Lat. amnis, ‘a river’, for apnis cf. also ἀϕρός]

asti : ind. (3. sg. pr. √ as; g. cādi and svar-ādi, q.v.) sometimes used as a mere particle at the beginning of fables, [Pañcat.]; [Kathās.]

asti : existent, present, [L.]

asti : f. (as-ti = s-ti, q.v.), N. of a sister of Prāpti (daughter of Jarāsandhas and wife of Kaṃsa), [MBh. ii, 595]; [Hariv. 4955]; [BhP.]

as : cl. 2. P. ásti (2. sg. ási, 1. sg. ásmi; pl. smási or smás, sthá, sánti; (rarely Ā., e.g. 1. pl. smahe, [MBh. xiii, 13]); Subj. ásat; Imper. astu, 2. sg. edhi (fr. as-dhi cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 119]); Pot. syā́t; impf. ā́sīt, rarely ās [only in [RV. x]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 97]] ; perf. 1. and 3. sg., ā́sa, 2. sg. ā́sitha, 3. pl. āsúḥ; p. m. sát f. satī́) to be, live, exist, be present; to take place, happen; to abide, dwell, stay; to belong to (gen. or dat.); to fall to the share of, happen to any one (gen.); to be equal to (dat.), [ŚBr. xiv]; [Mn. xi, 85]; to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dat.); to become, [BṛĀrUp.] &c., (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 51]-[55]); to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adj., but also with adv. [e.g. tūṣṇīm āsīt, [MBh. iii, 4041]], and often with part., [e.g. perf. Pass. p. prasthitāḥ sma, [N.]; fut. p.p. hantavyo 'smi, [N.]; fut. p. especially with Pot., and only in [ŚBr.], as yádi dāsyán-t-syā́t, ‘if he should intend to give’]; the pf. āsa helps to form the periphrastic perf., and asmi &c. the fut.);

as : [cf. Gk. ἐσ-τί; Lat. es-t; Goth. is-t; Lith. es-ti.]

as : cl. 4. P. ásyati (p. ásyat; impf. ā́syat, [AV.] [cf. parās and vy-as]; fut. p. asiṣyát; aor. āsthat [[Nir. ii, 2]; [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 17]; cf. vy-as]; perf. P. āsa [cf. parās] Ā. āse [cf. vy-as]; Ved. Inf. ástave, [VS.]) to throw, cast, shoot at (loc. dat., or gen.), [RV.] &c.; to drive or frighten away, [Nalod. iv, 36]; See also 1. astá s.v.

as : asati, °te = √ aṣ, q.v.

martya : mártya mfn. who or what must die, mortal, [Br.]; [Kauś.]

martya : mártya m. a mortal, man, person, [RV.] &c. &c.

martya : the world of mortals, the earth, [L.]

martya : mártya n. that which is mortal, the body, [BhP.]