4.38.3
यं सी॒मनु॑ प्र॒वते॑व॒ द्रव॑न्तं॒ विश्वः॑ पू॒रुर्मद॑ति॒ हर्ष॑माणः
प॒ड्भिर्गृध्य॑न्तं मेध॒युं न शूरं॑ रथ॒तुरं॒ वात॑मिव॒ ध्रज॑न्तम्
4.38.3
yáṃ sīm ánu praváteva drávantaṃ
víśvaḥ pūrúr mádati hárṣamāṇaḥ
paḍbhír gŕ̥dhyantam medhayúṃ ná śū́raṃ
rathatúraṃ vā́tam iva dhrájantam
4.38.3
yamfrom yá-
from sīm
from ánu
from pravát-
from √dru-
from víśva-
from pūrú-
from √mad-
from √hr̥ṣ-
from pád-
from √gr̥dh-
from medhayú-
from ná
from śū́ra-
from rathatúr-
from vā́ta-
from √dhraj-
4.38.3
Whom, as 'twere down a precipice, swift rushing, each Pûru praises and his heart rejoices,– Springing forth like a hero fain for battle, whirling the car and flying like the tempest.
| Source index | Surface | Lemma | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.38.3 | yám yam : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. xxiii, 15]) yácchati (Ved. also °te, and Ved. ep. yámati, °te; pf. yayāma, yeme; 2. sg. yayantha, 3. pl. yemúḥ, yemiré, [RV.] &c. &c.; 3. du. irreg. -yamatuḥ, [RV. v, 67, 1]; aor. áyān, áyamuh; Impv. yaṃsi, yandhí; Pot. yamyās, yamīmahi, [RV.]; áyāṃsam, ayāṃsi, áyaṃsta Subj. yaṃsat, °satas, °sate, [ib.]; [Br.]; 3. sg. -yámiṣṭa, [RV. v, 32, 7]; ayaṃsiṣam Gr.; fut. yantā, [ib.]; yaṃsyati, yamiṣyati, [Br.] &c. inf. yántum, yamitum, [ib.]; yántave, yámitavaí, [RV.]; ind.p. yatvā, yamitvā, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; yátya, [AV.]; [Br.]; -yamya, [GṛŚrS.]; -yámam, [RV.]; [Br.]), to sustain, hold, hold up, support (Ā. ‘one's self’; with loc. ‘to be founded on’), [RV.]; [Br.]; [ChUp.]; to raise, wield (a weapon &c.; Ā. with āyudhaiḥ, ‘to brandish weapons’), [RV.]; to raise, extend or hold (as a screen &c.) over (dat.), [RV.]; (Ā.) to extend one's self before (dat.), [AitBr.]; to raise (the other scale), weigh more, [ŚBr.]; to stretch out, expand, spread, display, show, [RV.]; to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, control, [ib.] &c. &c.; to offer; confer, grant, bestow on (dat. or loc.), present with (instr.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (with mārgam), to make way for (gen.), [MBh.]; (with prati and abl.), to give anything in exchange for anything, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 11]; (Ā.) to give one's self up to, be faithful to, obey (dat.), [RV.]; to raise, utter (a sound &c.), [ib.]; to fix, establish, [ib.]; (Ā.) to be firm, not budge, [RV.]; to catch fire, [TBr.] (Sch.) : Pass. yamyáte (aor. áyāmi), to be raised or lifted up or held back or restrained, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. yāmayati ([AV.]), yamayati ([Br.] &c.; °te, [MBh.]; aor. ayīyamat), to restrain, hold in, control, keep or put in order: Desid. yiyaṃsati, to wish to restrain &c., [Br.] : Intens. yaṃyamīti (see ud-√ yam) or yaṃyamyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 85], Vārtt. 2, [Pat.]) [cf. Gk. ζημία, ‘restraint, punishment’.] 🔎 yám | yá- ya : the 1st semivowel (corresponding to the vowels i and ī, and having the sound of the English y, in Bengal usually pronounced j). ya : m. (in prosody) a bacchic (˘ ¯ ¯), [Piṅg.] ya : the actual base of the relative pronoun in declension [cf. yád and Gk. ὅς, ἥ, ὅ]. ya : m. (in some senses fr. √ 1. yā, only, [L.]) a goer or mover ya : wind ya : joining ya : restraining ya : fame ya : a carriage (?) ya : barley ya : light ya : abandoning 🔎 yá- | pronounSGMACC |
| 4.38.3 | sīm sīm : ind. (originally acc. of a pron. base and connected with sa as kīm with ka) him, her, it, them (employed for all genders, numbers and persons [cf. id; īm, and Gk. μιν, νιν]; and often weakened into a generalizing and emphasizing particle, which may become an enclitic particle after a pronoun or preposition, = περ or cunque, often translatable by ‘ever’), [RV.] 🔎 sīm | sīm sīm : ind. (originally acc. of a pron. base and connected with sa as kīm with ka) him, her, it, them (employed for all genders, numbers and persons [cf. id; īm, and Gk. μιν, νιν]; and often weakened into a generalizing and emphasizing particle, which may become an enclitic particle after a pronoun or preposition, = περ or cunque, often translatable by ‘ever’), [RV.] 🔎 sīm | invariable |
| 4.38.3 | ánu anu : mfn. = aṇu, q.v., [L.] anu : ánu m. a non-Āryan man, [RV.] anu : N. of a king (one of Yayāti's sons) anu : of a non-Āryan tribe, [MBh.] &c. anu : ánu ind. (as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses) after, along, alongside, lengthwise, near to, under, subordinate to, with. (When prefixed to nouns, especially in adverbial compounds), according to, severally, each by each, orderly, methodically, one after another, repeatedly. (As a separable preposition, with accusative) after, along, over, near to, through, to, towards, at, according to, in order, agreeably to, in regard to, inferior to, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 86.] (As a separable adverb) after, afterwards, thereupon, again, further, then, next. 🔎 ánu | ánu anu : mfn. = aṇu, q.v., [L.] anu : ánu m. a non-Āryan man, [RV.] anu : N. of a king (one of Yayāti's sons) anu : of a non-Āryan tribe, [MBh.] &c. anu : ánu ind. (as a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses) after, along, alongside, lengthwise, near to, under, subordinate to, with. (When prefixed to nouns, especially in adverbial compounds), according to, severally, each by each, orderly, methodically, one after another, repeatedly. (As a separable preposition, with accusative) after, along, over, near to, through, to, towards, at, according to, in order, agreeably to, in regard to, inferior to, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 86.] (As a separable adverb) after, afterwards, thereupon, again, further, then, next. 🔎 ánu | invariablelocal particle:LP |
| 4.38.3 | pravátā | pravát- pravat : pravát f. the side or slope of a mountain, elevation, height, [RV.]; [AV.] pravat : heavenly height (7 or 3 in number), [ib.] pravat : (pravato napāt, ‘son of the heavenly height’ i.e. Agni, [AV.]) pravat : a sloping path, smooth or swift course (instr. sg. or pl. ‘downhill, precipitately, swiftly’), [RV.]; [TUp.] pravat : prá-vat mfn. directed forwards or towards, blazing forth (said of Agni), [TS.]; [AitBr.] pravat : containing the syllable pra or pṛ, [Br.] pravat : pravát (accord. to some also, ‘a river, stream’ 🔎 pravát- | nominal stemSGFINS |
| 4.38.3 | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | invariable |
| 4.38.3 | drávantam | √dru- dru : cl. 5. P. druṇoti, to hurt, injure, [Dhātup. xxvii, 33] (pf. dudrāva, [Bhaṭṭ.]); to repent; to go, [Vop.] (cf. drū). dru : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 47]; ep. also Ā.) drávati, °te, [RV.] &c. &c. (pf. dudrāva, [Br.]; °drotha, °druma, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 13]; °druvur, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; aor. adudruvat, [Br.]; °drot, Subj. dudrávat, [RV.]; fut. droṣyati, [Br.]; inf. -drotum, [Śatr.]; ind.p. drutvā́ and -drutya, [Br.]) to run, hasten, flee, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to run up to (acc.), attack, assault, [MBh.]; [R.]; to become fluid, dissolve, melt, [Pañc.]; [Vet.]; [BhP.] : Caus. drāváyati (ep. also °te; dravayate See under dravá) to cause to run, make flow, [RV. viii, 4, 11]; to make fluid, melt, [vi, 4, 3]; to drive away, put to flight, [MBh.] (Pass. drāvyate, [vii, 3515]), [R.]; [MBh.] : Desid. dudrūṣati Gr.: Desid. of Caus. dudrāvayiṣati or did°, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 81] : Intens. dodrūyate or dodroti Gr. (dodrāva, [TS.]). dru : [cf. 2. drā and dram; Zd. dru, drvant.] dru : mfn. running, going (cf. mita-, raghu-, śatā.) dru : f. going, motion, [L.] dru : drú m. n. (= 3. dāru) wood or any wooden implement (as a cup, an oar &c.), [RV.]; [TBr.]; [Mn.] dru : drú m. a tree or branch, [HPariś.] (cf. indra-, su-, harid-, hari-). 🔎 √dru- | rootSGMACCPRSACTnon-finite:PTCP |
| 4.38.3 | víśvaḥ | víśva- viśva : víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one viśva : whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c. viśva : all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c. viśva : víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.] viśva : N. of a class of gods, cf. below viśva : N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.] viśva : of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.] viśva : of a king, [MBh.] viśva : of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa viśva : pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.; viśva : víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c. viśva : dry ginger, [Suśr.] viśva : myrrh, [L.] viśva : a mystical N. of the sound o, [Up.] 🔎 víśva- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 4.38.3 | pūrúḥ | pūrú- pūru : pūrú m. (orig. = puru, and connected with puruṣa, pūrvṣa) a man, people, [RV.] pūru : N. of a tribe (associated with the Yadus, Turvaśas, Druhyus), [ib.] pūru : of a class of demons, [ŚBr.] pūru : of an ancient prince (the son of Yayāti and Śarmiṣṭhā), [MBh.]; [Śak.]; [Pur.] (cf. [Pāṇ. iv, 1, 165], Vārtt. 3, [Pat.]) pūru : of a descendant of Atri and author of [RV. v, 16]; [17]; [RAnukr.] pūru : of a son of Manu and Naḍvalā, [Hariv.] pūru : of a son of Jahnu, [BhP.] 🔎 pūrú- | nominal stemSGMNOM |
| 4.38.3 | mádati | √mad- mad : base of the first pers. pron. in the sg. number (esp. in comp.) mad : (cf. √ mand) cl. 4. P. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 99]) mā́dyati (ep. also °te; Ved. also cl. 1. P. Ā. madati, °te; cl. 3. P. mamátti, °ttu, mamádat, ámamaduḥ; Ved. Impv. mátsi, °sva; pf. mamā́da; aor. amādiṣuḥ, amatsuḥ, amatta; Subj. mátsati, °sat; fut. maditā, madiṣyati Gr.; Ved. inf. maditos), to rejoice, be glad, exult, delight or revel in (instr. gen. loc., rarely acc.), be drunk (also fig.) with (instr.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to enjoy heavenly bliss (said of gods and deceased ancestors), [RV.]; [TBr.]; to boil, bubble (as water), [RV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [Hariv.]; to gladden, exhilarate, intoxicate, animate, inspire, [RV.] : Caus. mādáyati or madáyati, °te ([Dhātup. xxxiii, 31], [xix, 54]; aor. ámīmadat or amamadat; Ved. inf. mādayádhyai), to gladden, delight, satisfy, exhilarate, intoxicate, inflame, inspire, [RV.] &c. &c.; (Ā.) to be glad, rejoice, be pleased or happy or at ease, [RV.]; [VS.]; [Kauś.]; (Ā.) to enjoy heavenly bliss, [RV.]; [TBr.]; [BhP.] : Desid. mimadiṣati Gr.: Intens. māmadyate, māmatti, [ib.] mad : [Perhaps orig. ‘to be moist’; cf. Gk. μαδάω; Lat. madere.] mad : 2. mand or (only mamáttana, mamandhi, ámaman), to tarry, stand still, pause, [RV.] (cf. upa-ni-√ mand and ni-√ mad) : Caus. See mandaya. 🔎 √mad- | rootSGPRSACT3IND |
| 4.38.3 | hárṣamāṇaḥ | √hr̥ṣ- hṛṣ : cl. 1. P. Ā. hárṣati, °te (fr. P. only p. hárṣat), to be excited or impatient, rejoice in the prospect of, be anxious or impatient for (dat.), [RV.]; to speak or affirm falsely, lie, [Dhātup. xvii, 59]; cl. 4. P. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 119]) hṛṣyati (ep. and mc. also °te; pf. jaharṣa, jahṛṣuḥ; jahṛṣe, °ṣire, [MBh.] &c.; aor. ahṛṣat, [ib.]; fut. harṣitā, harṣiṣyati Gr.; inf. harṣitum, [ib.]; ind.p. -hṛṣya, [MBh.] &c.), to thrill with rapture, rejoice, exult, be glad or pleased, [PārGṛ.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to become sexually excited, [Suśr.]; to become erect or stiff or rigid, bristle (said of the hairs of the body &c.), become on edge (like the teeth), [MBh.]; [BhP.] : Pass. hṛṣyate (aor. aharṣi) Gr.: Caus. harṣáyati, °te (aor. ajīhṛṣat, or ajaharṣat), to excite, make impatient or eager for (victory &c.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to rejoice, be glad, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; to cause to bristle, [Cat.] : Desid. jiharṣiṣati Gr.: Intens. jarīhṛṣyate, jarharṣṭi &c. (Ved. forms jarhṛṣanta, járhṛṣāṇa and jāhṛṣāṇá), to be impatient or excited, [RV.]; [VS.]; [ĀśvŚr.]; to excite violently, [RV.] hṛṣ : [cf. Lat. horreo for horseo.] 🔎 √hr̥ṣ- | rootSGMNOMPRSMEDnon-finite:PTCP |
| 4.38.3 | paḍbhíḥ | pád- pad : cl. 1. P. padati v.l. for bad, to stand fast or fixed, [Dhātup. iii, 1], [4]; [Vop.] pad : cl. 4. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvi, 60]) padyate (°ti, [AitBr.]; [MBh.]; Pot. padyām, [R.]; Impv. patsva, [MBh.]; pf. papāda, [RV.]; pede, [Br.]; aor. apadmahi, °dran, [RV.] [Subj. padāti, [ib.]]; apatsi, patthās, [AV.]; Prec. padīṣṭá, [RV.]; [AV.]; fut. patsyati, [Br.]; °te, [Up.]; pattā Gr.; inf. páttave, [RV.]; °tos, °tum, [Br.]; -pádas, [RV.]; ind.p. -pádya, [ib.]; -pā́dam, [Br.]), to fall, fall down or out, perish, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [Br.]; to go, resort or apply to, participate in (acc.), keep, observe, [MBh.] : Caus. pādáyati, °te, to cause to fall, [AV.]; [AitBr.] (Pass. pādyate, [Br.]; Desid. pipādayiṣati, [Br.] &c.); padayate, to go, [Dhātup. xxxv, 44] : Desid. pitsate, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 54] : Intens. panīpadyate, [Kāv.]; panīpadīti, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 84.] pad : pád m. (in strong cases pā́d; ifc. f(pad or padI). ) a foot (padā, padbhyām and °bhis, also ‘on foot’, [RV.] &c. &c.; ifc. also ‘sticking to the feet of’; cf. śrī-viṣṇu-padī) pad : a step, [R.] pad : a fourth part, a quarter, [AV.]; [ŚBr.] pad : [cf. pada; Gk. πούς, ποδ-ός; Lat. pes, ped-is; Goth. fôtus; Angl.Sax. fôt; Eng. foot; Germ. Fuss.] 🔎 pád- | nominal stemPLMINS |
| 4.38.3 | gŕ̥dhyantam | √gr̥dh- gṛdh : cl. 4. P. gṛ́dhyati (perf. 3. pl. jagṛdhur, [BhP. v, 4, 1]; jāgṛdhúr, [RV. ii, 23, 16]; aor. ágṛdhat, [RV. x, 34, 4]; fut. gardhiṣyati, [ŚBr. iii]; pr. p. gṛ́dhyat, [RV. iv, 38, 3]; ind.p. gṛddhvā, [BhP. x, 64, 40]), to endeavour to gain, [RV. iv, 38, 3]; [AV. viii, 6, 1]; to covet, desire, strive after greedily, be desirous of or eager for (loc. [[RV.]; [AV.] &c.] or acc. [ĪśUp.]; [MBh. iv, 276]; [BhP. v], [vi], [x]) : Caus. P. gardhayati, to be greedy, [Dhātup. xxxii, 124]; to make desirous or greedy, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 69], [Kāś.]; Ā. °yate, to deceive, cheat, [ib.]; [Bhaṭṭ. viii, 43] : Intens. 2. sg. impf. ajarghāḥ, [Pāṇ. viii, 3, 14], [Kāś.]; gṛdh : [cf. anu-, prati-; abhi-ghṛdhna, pra-gardhin; cf. also Old Germ. gir: Mod. Germ. gier: Engl. greedy (?) : Goth. gredags, gaurs: Hib. greadaim, ‘I burn’; greadhnach, ‘joyful, glad’; gradh, ‘love, charity; dear’; graidhneog, ‘a beloved female’, &c.: Lith. godus, gedu: Slav. glad, ‘hunger’.] 🔎 √gr̥dh- | rootSGMACCPRSACTnon-finite:PTCP |
| 4.38.3 | medhayúm | medhayú- medhayu : medhayú mfn. eager for war, [RV. iv, 38, 3] (others ‘desirous of reward or praise’). 🔎 medhayú- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 4.38.3 | ná na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]). na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below]) na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c. na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel). na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.] na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare na : vacant, empty na : identical na : unvexed, unbroken na : m. band, fetter na : jewel, pearl na : war na : gift na : welfare na : N. of Buddha na : N. of Gaṇeśa na : = prastuta na : = dviraṇḍa (?) 🔎 ná | ná na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]). na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below]) na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c. na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel). na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.] na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare na : vacant, empty na : identical na : unvexed, unbroken na : m. band, fetter na : jewel, pearl na : war na : gift na : welfare na : N. of Buddha na : N. of Gaṇeśa na : = prastuta na : = dviraṇḍa (?) 🔎 ná | invariable |
| 4.38.3 | śū́ram | śū́ra- śūra : śū́ra mfn. (prob. fr. √ 1. śū = śvi and connected with śavas, śuna, śūna) strong, powerful, valiant, heroic, brave (cf. -tama and -tara), [RV.]; [MBh.] śūra : śū́ra m. a strong or mighty or valiant man, warrior, champion, hero, one who acts heroically towards any one (loc.) or with regard to anything (loc. instr., or comp.; ifc. f(A). ), [RV.] &c. &c. śūra : śū́ra m. heroism (?, = or w.r. for śaurya), [Kāv.] śūra : a lion, [L.] śūra : a tiger or panther, [L.] śūra : a boar, [L.] śūra : a dog, [L.] śūra : a cock, [L.] śūra : white rice, [L.] śūra : lentil, [L.] śūra : Artocarpus Lacucha, [L.] śūra : Vatica Robusta, [L.] śūra : N. of a Yādava, the father of Vasu-deva and grandfather of Kṛṣṇa, [MBh.] śūra : of a Sauvīraka, [ib.] śūra : of a son of Īlina, [ib.] śūra : of a son of Kārtavīrya, [Hariv.]; [Pur.] śūra : of a son of Vidūratha, [ib.] śūra : of a son of Deva-mīḍhuṣa, [ib.] śūra : of a son of Bhajamāna, [Hariv.] śūra : of a son of Vasu-deva, [BhP.] śūra : of a son of Vatsa-prī, [MārkP.] śūra : of a poet, [Cat.] śūra : of various other men, [Buddh.]; [Rājat.] śūra : w.r. for sūra, [L.] śūra : (pl.) N. of a people, [MBh.]; [Hariv.] [cf. Gk. κῦρος in ἄ-κῡρος.] 🔎 śū́ra- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 4.38.3 | rathatúram | rathatúr- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 4.38.3 | vā́tam | vā́ta- vāta : mfn. (for 2. See p. 939, col. 3) blown &c. vāta : vā́ta m. wind or the wind-god (pl. also ‘the Maruts’, cf. vāyu), [RV.] &c. &c. vāta : wind, air, [Hit.] vāta : wind emitted from the body, [MBh. iv, 117] vāta : wind or air as one of the humours of the body (also called vāyu, māruta, pavana, anila, samīraṇa), [Kathās.]; [Suśr.] &c. vāta : morbid affection of the windy humour, flatulence, gout, rheumatism &c., [VarBṛS.]; [Śṛṅgār.] vāta : N. of a people (see vāta-pati and vātādhipa) vāta : of a Rākṣasa, [VP.] vāta : of a son of Śūra, [ib.] vāta : &c. See p. 934, col. 2 &c. vāta : mfn. (fr. √ van) = vanita, solicited, wished for, desired (cf. vivasvad-v°) vāta : attacked, assailed, injured, hurt (cf. 3. a-v° and nivāta). vāta : mfn. (for 1. and 2. See pp. 934, 939) dried up (see 1. a-vātá). 🔎 vā́ta- | nominal stemSGMACC |
| 4.38.3 | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | iva iva : ind. (fr. pronominal base 3. i), like, in the same manner as (in this sense = yathā, and used correlatively to tathā) iva : as it were, as if (e.g. patheva, as if on a path) iva : in a certain manner, in some measure, a little, perhaps (in qualification or mitigation of a strong assertion) iva : nearly, almost, about (e.g. muhūrtam iva, almost an hour) iva : so, just so, just, exactly, indeed, very (especially after words which involve some restriction, e.g. īṣad iva, just a little; kiṃcid iva, just a little bit: and after a negation, e.g. na cirād iva, very soon). is connected vaguely, and somewhat pleonastically, with an interrogative pronoun or adverb (e.g. kim iva, what? katham iva, how could that possibly be? kveva, where, I should like to know?). In the Pada texts of the Ṛg, Yajur, and Atharva-veda, and by native grammarians, is considered to be enclitic, and therefore compounded with the word after which it stands, [RV.]; [AV.]; &c. 🔎 iva | invariable |
| 4.38.3 | dhrájantam | √dhraj- dhraj : , dhrañj or dhrāj, cl. 1. P. ([Nigh. ii, 14]; [Dhātup. vii, 38], &c.) dhrájati, [RV.] (dhrañjati or dhṛñjati Gr.; p. Ā. dhrājamāna, [MaitrS.]; aor. Pot. Ā. dhrājiṣīya, [ib.]) to move, go, glide, fly, sweep on. (Cf. dhṛj and dhrij.) 🔎 √dhraj- | rootSGMACCPRSACTnon-finite:PTCP |