viśva : víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one

viśva : whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c.

viśva : all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.

viśva : víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.]

viśva : N. of a class of gods, cf. below

viśva : N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.]

viśva : of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.]

viśva : of a king, [MBh.]

viśva : of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa

viśva : pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.;

viśva : víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c.

viśva : dry ginger, [Suśr.]

viśva : myrrh, [L.]

viśva : a mystical N. of the sound o, [Up.]

hi : (cf. √ hay) cl. 5. P. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 11]) hinóti (Ved. also hinuté, hínvati and hinváti, °te; p. hinvāná [with act. and pass. sense] [RV.]; háyat, [RV.]; [TS.]; 1. sg. hiṣe, [RV.]; pf. jighāya, jighyuḥ, [Br.] &c.; jighye [with pass. sense] [Bhaṭṭ.]; aor. áhema, ahyan, heta p. hiyāná [with pass. sense] [RV.]; ahyam [?], áhait, [AV.]; ahaiṣīt, [Br.]; aheṣata, [RV.]; fut. hetā Gr.; heṣyati, [MBh.] &c.; inf. -hyé, [RV.]), to send forth, set in motion, impel, urge on, hasten on (Ā. also intrans.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to stimulate or incite to (dat.), [RV.]; to assist or help to (dat.), [ib.]; to discharge, hurl, cast, shoot, [RV.]; to convey, bring, procure, [ib.]; [ŚBr.]; to forsake, abandon, get rid of [Bhaṭṭ.]; (hinvati) to gladden, delight, [Dhātup. xv, 82] : Pass. hīyate (aor. ahāyi) Gr.: Caus. hāyayati (aor. ajīhayat), [ib.] : Desid. of Caus. jihāpayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. jighīṣati, [ib.] : Intens. jeghīyate, jeghayīti, jegheti, [ib.]

hi : hí ind. (used as a particle [cf. ha and gha] and usually denoting) for, because, on account of (never standing first in a sentence, but generally after the first word and used enclitically, sometimes after pronouns; e.g. sárvo hí pṛ́tanā jigīṣati, ‘for everybody wishes to win battles’; bhavān hi pramāṇam, ‘for your honour is the authority’; tathā hi, ‘for example’, ‘accordingly’; ná hí or nahí, ‘for not’, ‘not at all’), [RV.] &c. &c.

hi : just, pray, do (with an Impv. or Pot. emphatically; sometimes with Indic., e.g. paśyāmo hi, ‘we will just see’), [ib.]

hi : indeed, assuredly, surely, of course, certainly (hí vaí, ‘most assuredly’; hi-tu or hi-punar, ‘indeed-but’; often a mere expletive, esp. to avoid a hiatus, sometimes repeated in the same sentence; is also said to be an interjection of ‘envy’, ‘contempt’, ‘hurry’ &c.), [ib.]

anya : ánya (3), am, n. inexhaustibleness (as of the milk of cows), [AV. xii, 1, 4] (cf. ányā.).

anya : anyá as, ā, at other, different

anya : other than, different from, opposed to (abl. or in comp.)

anya : another

anya : another person

anya : one of a number

anya : anya anya or eka anya, the one, the other

anya : anyac ca, and another, besides, moreover

anya : [cf. Zend anya; Armen. ail; Lat. alius; Goth. aljis, Theme alja; Gk. ἄλλος for ἄλϳο-ς; cf. also ἔνιοι].

ari : m. v.l. for arin below.

ari : arí mfn. (√ ṛ), attached to faithful, [RV.]

ari : arí (ís), m. a faithful or devoted or pious man, [RV.]

ari : a-rí mfn. (√ rā; = 1. arí, assiduous, &c., [Gmn.]), not liberal, envious, hostile, [RV.]

ari : a-rí m. (ís) an enemy, [RV.]; [MBh.] &c.

ari : (áris) id., [AV. vii, 88, 1] and [xiii, 1, 29], (in astron.) a hostile planet, [VarBṛS.]

ari : N. of the sixth astrological mansion, [ib.] (in arithm.) the number six (cf. arāti)

ari : a species of Khadira or Mimosa, [L.]

gam : Ved. cl. 1. P. gámati ([Naigh.]; Subj. gamam, gámat [gamātas, gamātha, [AV.]], gamāma, gaman, [RV.]; Pot. gaméma, [RV.]; inf. gámadhyai, [RV. i, 154, 6]); cl. 2. P. gánti ([Naigh.]; Impv. 3. sg. gantu, [2. sg. gadhi See ā-, or gahi See adhi-, abhy-ā-, ā-, upā-], 2. pl. gántā or gantana, [RV.]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ágan [[RV.]; [AV.]], 1. pl. áganma [[RV.]; [AV.]; cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65]], 3. pl. ágman, [RV.]; Subj. [or aor. Subj. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 80], [Kāś.]] 1. pl. ganma, 3. pl. gmán, [RV.]; Pot. 2. sg. gamyās, [RV. i, 187, 7]; Prec. 3. sg. gamyā́s, [RV.]; pr. p. gmát, [x, 22, 6]) : cl. 3. P. jaganti ([Naigh. ii, 14]; Pot. jagamyām, °yāt, [RV.]; [Hir. i, 8, 4]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ajagan, 2. pl. ajaganta or °tana, [RV.]) : Ved. and Class. cl. 1. P. (also Ā. [MBh.] &c.), with substitution of gacch [= βάσκ-ω] for , gácchati (cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 77]; Subj. gacchāti, [RV. x, 16, 2]; 2. sg. gacchās [[RV. vi, 35, 3]] or gacchāsi [[AV. v, 5, 6]]; 2. pl. gacchāta, [RV. viii, 7, 30]; 3. pl. gácchān, [RV. viii, 79, 5]; impf. ágacchat; Pot. gacchet; pr. p. gácchat, [RV.] &c.; aor. agamat, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 55]; [vi, 4, 98], [Kāś.]; for Ā. with prepositions, cf. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; 2nd fut. gamiṣyati, [AV.] &c.; 1st fut. gántā [[Pāṇ. vii, 2, 58]] [RV.] &c.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā [[RV.]], 3. sg. jagāma, 2. du. jagmathur, 3. pl. jagmúr, [RV.] &c.; p. jaganvás [[RV.] &c.] or jagmivas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68] f. jagmúṣī, [RV.] &c. ; Ved. inf. gántave, gántavaí; Class. inf. gantum: Ved. ind.p. gatvāya, gatvī́; Class. ind.p. gatvā́ [[AV.] &c.], with prepositions -gamya or -gatya, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 38]) to go, move, go away, set out, come, [RV.] &c.; to go to or towards, approach (with acc. or loc. or dat. [[MBh.]; [Ragh. ii, 15]; [xii, 7]; cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 12]] or prati [[MBh.]; [R.]]), [RV.] &c.; to go or pass (as time, e.g. kāle gacchati, time going on, in the course of time), [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Megh.]; [Naiṣ.]; [Hit.]; to fall to the share of (acc.), [Mn.] &c.; to go against with hostile intentions, attack, [L.]; to decease, die, [Cāṇ.]; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (acc.), [ĀśvGṛ. iii, 6]; [Mn.] &c.; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (e.g. mitratāṃ gacchati, ‘he goes to friendship’ i.e. he becomes friendly), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; jānubhyām avanīṃ-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the knees’, kneel down, [MBh. xiii, 935]; [Pañcat. v, 1, 10/11]; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the head’, make a bow, [R. iii, 11, 6]; mánasā-√ gam, to go with the mind, observe, perceive, [RV. iii, 38, 6]; [VS.]; [Nal.]; [R.]; (without mánasā) to observe, understand, guess, [MBh. iii, 2108]; (especially Pass. gamyate, ‘to be understood or meant’), [Pāṇ.], [Kāś.] & [L.], Sch.; doṣeṇa or doṣato-√ gam, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (acc.), [MBh. i, 4322] and [7455]; [R. iv, 21, 3] : Caus. gamayati ([Pāṇ. ii, 4, 46]; Impv. 2. sg. Ved. gamayā or gāmaya [[RV. v, 5, 10]], 3. sg. gamayatāt, [AitBr. ii, 6]; perf. gamayā́ṃ cakāra, [AV.] &c.) to cause to go ([Pāṇ. viii, 1, 60], [Kāś.]) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dat. [AV.]), bring to a place (acc. [[Pāṇ. i, 4, 52]] or loc.), [RV.] &c.; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become, [TS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to impart, grant, [MBh. xiv, 179]; to send away, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.]; ‘to let go’, not care about, [Bālar. v, 10]; to excel, [Prasannar. i, 14]; to spend time, [Śak.]; [Megh.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain, [MBh. iii, 11290]; [VarBṛS.]; [L.], Sch.; to convey an idea or meaning, denote, [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 10], [Kāś.]; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (acc.) to go by means of another, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.] : Desid. jígamiṣati ([Pāṇ.], or jigāṃsate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 16]; [Siddh.]; impf. ajigāṃsat, [ŚBr. x]) to wish to go, be going, [Lāṭy.]; [MBh. xvi, 63]; to strive to obtain, [ŚBr. x]; [ChUp.]; to wish to bring (to light, prakā́śam), [TS. i] : Intens. jáṅganti ([Naigh.]), jaṅgamīti or jaṅgamyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 85], [Kāś.]), to visit, [RV. x, 41, 1] (p. gánigmat), [VS. xxiii, 7] (impf. aganīgan);

gam : [cf. βαίνω; Goth. qvam; Eng. come; Lat. venio for gvemio.]

gam : gen. abl. gmás See kṣám.

mama : máma gen. sg. of 1st pers. pron. in comp.

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

it : ifc. going, going towards

it : cf. arthét

it : (for 2. See s.v.)

it : (in Gr.) an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots &c. (= anubandha, q.v.)

it : for the Ved. particle id, q.v.

id : íd ind. Ved. (probably the neut. form of the pronom. base i See 3. i; a particle of affirmation) even, just, only

id : indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, e.g. yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd asat, as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be, [RV. viii, 28, 4]; dípsanta íd ripávo nā́ha debhuḥ, the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt, [RV. i, 147, 3]). is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (e.g. viśva it, every one indeed; śaśvad it, constantly indeed; eka it, one only). At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (e.g. tvam it, thou indeed; yadi it, if indeed, &c.) occurs often in the Ṛg-veda and Atharva-veda, seldom in the Brāhmaṇas, and its place is taken in classical Sanskṛt by eva and other particles.

aha : áha ind. (as a particle implying ascertainment, affirmation, certainty, &c.) surely, certainly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]

aha : (as explaining, defining) namely, [ŚBr.]

aha : (as admitting, limiting, &c.) it is true, I grant, granted, indeed, at least, [ŚBr.] [For the rules of accentuation necessitated in a phrase by the particle áha cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 24] seqq.]

aha : (also) a particle answering to ha in a preceding sentence (ha — = μὲν — δέ), [Gaṇar.]

aha : áha n. (only Ved.; nom. pl. áhā, [RV.]; [AV.]; gen. pl. áhānām, [RV. viii, 22, 13]) = áhar, q.v., a day

aha : often ifc. m(aha/). (e.g. dvādaśāhá, try-ahá, ṣaḍ-ahá, &c.) or n. (e.g. puṇyāhá, bhadrāhá, and sudināha)

aha : See also ahna s.v.

śvaśura : śváśura m. (prob. for orig. svaśura; cf. below) a father-in-law, husband's or wife's father (in the oldest language commonly the former, in the Sūtras the latter, in Classical language both meanings; also applied to a maternal uncle and to any venerable person), [RV.] &c. &c.

śvaśura : du. (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 72]) a father and mother-in-law, [Yājñ.]; [Kathās.] (also pl., e.g. [RV. x, 95, 12]; [AV. xiv, 2, 27] &c.)

śvaśura : [cf. Gk. ἑκυρός; Lat. socer; Lith. szészuras; Slav. svekrǔ; Goth. swaihra; Angl.Sax. sweór; Germ. swëher, Schwäher.]

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.

ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.]

ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]]

ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.]

ā : grandfather, [L.]

ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.]

ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.]

ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.]

ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.]

ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.]

ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.]

ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.]

ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21]

ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.]

ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.]

ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)

ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531]

ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)

ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403]

ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’

ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12]

ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)

ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51]

ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.

gam : Ved. cl. 1. P. gámati ([Naigh.]; Subj. gamam, gámat [gamātas, gamātha, [AV.]], gamāma, gaman, [RV.]; Pot. gaméma, [RV.]; inf. gámadhyai, [RV. i, 154, 6]); cl. 2. P. gánti ([Naigh.]; Impv. 3. sg. gantu, [2. sg. gadhi See ā-, or gahi See adhi-, abhy-ā-, ā-, upā-], 2. pl. gántā or gantana, [RV.]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ágan [[RV.]; [AV.]], 1. pl. áganma [[RV.]; [AV.]; cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65]], 3. pl. ágman, [RV.]; Subj. [or aor. Subj. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 80], [Kāś.]] 1. pl. ganma, 3. pl. gmán, [RV.]; Pot. 2. sg. gamyās, [RV. i, 187, 7]; Prec. 3. sg. gamyā́s, [RV.]; pr. p. gmát, [x, 22, 6]) : cl. 3. P. jaganti ([Naigh. ii, 14]; Pot. jagamyām, °yāt, [RV.]; [Hir. i, 8, 4]; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ajagan, 2. pl. ajaganta or °tana, [RV.]) : Ved. and Class. cl. 1. P. (also Ā. [MBh.] &c.), with substitution of gacch [= βάσκ-ω] for , gácchati (cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 77]; Subj. gacchāti, [RV. x, 16, 2]; 2. sg. gacchās [[RV. vi, 35, 3]] or gacchāsi [[AV. v, 5, 6]]; 2. pl. gacchāta, [RV. viii, 7, 30]; 3. pl. gácchān, [RV. viii, 79, 5]; impf. ágacchat; Pot. gacchet; pr. p. gácchat, [RV.] &c.; aor. agamat, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 55]; [vi, 4, 98], [Kāś.]; for Ā. with prepositions, cf. [Pāṇ. i, 2, 13]; 2nd fut. gamiṣyati, [AV.] &c.; 1st fut. gántā [[Pāṇ. vii, 2, 58]] [RV.] &c.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā [[RV.]], 3. sg. jagāma, 2. du. jagmathur, 3. pl. jagmúr, [RV.] &c.; p. jaganvás [[RV.] &c.] or jagmivas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68] f. jagmúṣī, [RV.] &c. ; Ved. inf. gántave, gántavaí; Class. inf. gantum: Ved. ind.p. gatvāya, gatvī́; Class. ind.p. gatvā́ [[AV.] &c.], with prepositions -gamya or -gatya, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 38]) to go, move, go away, set out, come, [RV.] &c.; to go to or towards, approach (with acc. or loc. or dat. [[MBh.]; [Ragh. ii, 15]; [xii, 7]; cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 12]] or prati [[MBh.]; [R.]]), [RV.] &c.; to go or pass (as time, e.g. kāle gacchati, time going on, in the course of time), [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Megh.]; [Naiṣ.]; [Hit.]; to fall to the share of (acc.), [Mn.] &c.; to go against with hostile intentions, attack, [L.]; to decease, die, [Cāṇ.]; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (acc.), [ĀśvGṛ. iii, 6]; [Mn.] &c.; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (e.g. mitratāṃ gacchati, ‘he goes to friendship’ i.e. he becomes friendly), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; jānubhyām avanīṃ-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the knees’, kneel down, [MBh. xiii, 935]; [Pañcat. v, 1, 10/11]; dharaṇīṃ mūrdhnā-√ gam, ‘to go to the earth with the head’, make a bow, [R. iii, 11, 6]; mánasā-√ gam, to go with the mind, observe, perceive, [RV. iii, 38, 6]; [VS.]; [Nal.]; [R.]; (without mánasā) to observe, understand, guess, [MBh. iii, 2108]; (especially Pass. gamyate, ‘to be understood or meant’), [Pāṇ.], [Kāś.] & [L.], Sch.; doṣeṇa or doṣato-√ gam, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (acc.), [MBh. i, 4322] and [7455]; [R. iv, 21, 3] : Caus. gamayati ([Pāṇ. ii, 4, 46]; Impv. 2. sg. Ved. gamayā or gāmaya [[RV. v, 5, 10]], 3. sg. gamayatāt, [AitBr. ii, 6]; perf. gamayā́ṃ cakāra, [AV.] &c.) to cause to go ([Pāṇ. viii, 1, 60], [Kāś.]) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dat. [AV.]), bring to a place (acc. [[Pāṇ. i, 4, 52]] or loc.), [RV.] &c.; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become, [TS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to impart, grant, [MBh. xiv, 179]; to send away, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.]; ‘to let go’, not care about, [Bālar. v, 10]; to excel, [Prasannar. i, 14]; to spend time, [Śak.]; [Megh.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain, [MBh. iii, 11290]; [VarBṛS.]; [L.], Sch.; to convey an idea or meaning, denote, [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 10], [Kāś.]; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (acc.) to go by means of another, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 52], [Kāś.] : Desid. jígamiṣati ([Pāṇ.], or jigāṃsate, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 16]; [Siddh.]; impf. ajigāṃsat, [ŚBr. x]) to wish to go, be going, [Lāṭy.]; [MBh. xvi, 63]; to strive to obtain, [ŚBr. x]; [ChUp.]; to wish to bring (to light, prakā́śam), [TS. i] : Intens. jáṅganti ([Naigh.]), jaṅgamīti or jaṅgamyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 85], [Kāś.]), to visit, [RV. x, 41, 1] (p. gánigmat), [VS. xxiii, 7] (impf. aganīgan);

gam : [cf. βαίνω; Goth. qvam; Eng. come; Lat. venio for gvemio.]

gam : gen. abl. gmás See kṣám.

ghas : not used in pr. (cl. 1. ghasati, [Dhātup. xvii, 65]), but supplies certain tenses (esp. aor. and Desid. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]) of √ ad (aor. 2. and 3. sg. ághas, [RV.]; aghās (?), [AV. xx, 129, 16]; 3. sg. aghat, aghasat [? [JaimBr.]; [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]], ajīghasat [[MaitrS.]]; 3. pl. ákṣan, [RV.]; [AV.]; aghasan, [Bhaṭṭ.] [[Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]]; 2. du. ághastām; 2. pl. aghasta; Subj. 2. sg. ghásas, 3. sg. °sat, [RV.]; 3. pl. kṣan, [x, 95, 15]; Impv. 3. du. ghástām; pf. jaghā́sa, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; 3. pl. jakṣur, [ŚBr. ii]; Pot. jakṣīyā́t, [RV. x, 28, 1]; p. jakṣivás, [AV.]; [VS.]; f. °kṣúṣī, [ŚBr. ii]), to consume or devour, eat: Desid. jíghatsati (cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 37]; [vii, 4, 49], [Kāś.]), to wish to consume or devour, wish to eat, [AV. v, 18, 1] and [19, 6]; [vi, 140, 1]; [ŚBr. i, 9, 2, 12]; [MBh. ii, 1485] (cf. √ jakṣ.)

dhānā : dhānā́ (ā́), f., see s.v.

dhānā : dhānā́ f. corn, grain (originally the grains of seed from their being ‘laid’ into and ‘conceived’ by the earth, cf. √ 1. dhā, but usually = fried barley or rice or any grain fried and reduced to powder), [RV.] &c. &c.

dhānā : coriander, [L.]

dhānā : bud, shoot, [L.]

uta : mfn. (fr. √ ve, q.v.), sewn, woven.

uta : utá ind. and, also, even, or, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.] &c.

uta : often used for the sake of emphasis, especially at the end of a line after iti or a verb (e.g. sarva-bhūtāni tam pārtha sadā paribhavanty uta, all creatures, O king, certainly always despise him, [MBh. iii, 1026]), [MBh.]; [Bhag.] &c. (As an interrogative particle, generally at the beginning of the second or following part of a double interrogation) or, utrum-an (e.g. katham nirṇīyate kiṃ syān niṣkāraṇo bandhur uta viśvāsa-ghātakaḥ, how can it be decided whether he be a friend without a motive or a violator of confidence? [Hit.]), [Kum.]; [Kathās.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [Sāh.] &c.

uta : in this sense it may be strengthened by āho (e.g. kaccit tvam asi mānuṣī utāho surāṅganā, art thou a mortal woman or divine? Nala), or by āho-svit (e.g. śālihotraḥ kiṃ nu syād utāhosvid rājā nalaḥ, can it be Śālihotra or king Nala?) Rarely kim is repeated before used in this sense (e.g. kim nu svargāt prāptā tasyā rūpeṇa kimutānyāgatā, has she arrived from heaven or has another come in her form? [Mṛcch.]), [Amar.]; [MBh.] &c. (As a particle of wishing, especially at the beginning of a sentence followed by a potential) would that! utinam! (e.g. utādhīyīta, would that he would read!) ( preceded by kim) on the contrary, how much more, how much less (e.g. samartho 'si sahasram api jetuṃ kimutaikam, thou art able to conquer even a thousand, how much more one, [R.]), [Śak.]; [Vikr.]; [Ragh.] &c. ( preceded by prati) on the contrary, rather (e.g. eṣa pṛṣṭo 'smābhir na jalpati hanti praty-uta pāṣāṇaiḥ, this one questioned by us does not speak, but rather throws stones at us), [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.] &c.

uta : uta vā, or else, and (e.g. samudrād uta vā purīṣāt, from the sea or from the moisture in the air)

uta : vā — uta vā or utāho vāpi — vā, either — or

uta : — , both — and (e.g. uta balavān utābalaḥ, both the strong and the weak)

uta : kim — uta vā, whether — or else.

uta : mfn. woven &c. See 1. , p. 175, col. 2.

soma : sóma m. (fr. √ 3. su) juice, extract, (esp.) the juice of the Soma plant, (also) the Soma plant itself (said to be the climbing plant Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida, the stalks [aṃśu] of which were pressed between stones [adri] by the priests, then sprinkled with water, and purified in a strainer [pavitra]; whence the acid juice trinkled into jars [kalaśa] or larger vessels [droṇa]; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour &c., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods [in this respect corresponding with the ritual of the Iranian Avesta] or was drunk by the Brāhmans, by both of whom its exhilarating effect was supposed to be prized; it was collected by moonlight on certain mountains [in [RV. x, 34, 1], the mountain Mūja-vat is mentioned]; it is sometimes described as having been brought from the sky by a falcon [śyena] and guarded by the Gandharvas; it is personified as one of the most important of Vedic gods, to whose praise all the 114 hymns of the 9th book of the [RV.] besides 6 in other books and the whole, [SV.] are dedicated; in post-Vedic mythology and even in a few of the latest hymns of the [RV.] [although not in the whole of the 9th book] as well as sometimes in the [AV.] and in the [Br.], Soma is identified with the moon [as the receptacle of the other beverage of the gods called Amṛta, or as the lord of plants, cf. indu, oṣadhi-pati] and with the god of the moon, as well as with Viṣṇu, Śiva, Yama, and Kubera; he is called rājan, and appears among the 8 Vasus and the 8 Loka-pālas [[Mn. v, 96]], and is the reputed author of [RV. x, 124, 1], [5]-[9], of a law-book &c.; cf. below), [RV.] &c. &c.

soma : the moon or moon-god (see above)

soma : a Soma sacrifice, [AitĀr.]

soma : a day destined for extracting the Soma-juice, [ĀśvŚr.]

soma : Monday (= soma-vāra), [Inscr.]

soma : nectar, [L.]

soma : camphor, [L.]

soma : air, wind, [L.]

soma : water, [L.]

soma : a drug of supposed magical properties, [W.]

soma : a partic. mountain or mountainous range (accord. to some the mountains of the moon), [ib.]

soma : a partic. class of Pitṛs (prob. for soma-pā), [ib.]

soma : N. of various authors (also with paṇḍita, bhaṭṭa, śarman &c.; cf. above), [Cat.]

soma : = somacandra, or somendu, [HPariś.]

soma : N. of a monkey-chief, [L.]

soma : sóma (am), n. rice-water, rice-gruel, [L.]

soma : heaven, sky, ether, [L.]

soma : sóma mfn. relating to Soma (prob. w.r. for sauma), [Kāṭh.]

soma : mfn. (prob.) together with Umā, [IndSt.]

pā : f. guarding, protecting, [L.]

pā : f. = pūta and pūritaka.

pā : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 27]) píbati (Ved. and ep. also Ā. °te; rarely pipati, °te, [Kāṭh.]; [Br.]) cl. 2. pāti, pāthás, pānti, [RV.]; [AV.]; p. Ā. papāná, [RV.], pípāna, [AV.] (pf. P. papaú, 2. sg. papātha, [RV.]; papitha, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 64], Sch.; papīyāt, [RV.]; p. papivás, [AV.]; Ā. pape, papire, [RV.]; p. papāná, [ib.]; aor. or impf. apāt, [RV.] [cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 77]]; 3. pl. apuḥ [?] [RV. i, 164, 7]; -pāsta, [AV. xii, 3, 43]; Prec. 3. sg. peyās, [RV.]; fut. pāsyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; pātā Gr.; ind.p. pītvā́, [RV.] &c. &c., °tvī, [RV.]; -pāya, [AV.] &c. &c.; -pīya, [MBh.]; pāyam, [Kāvyād.]; inf. píbadhyai, [RV.]; pātum, [MBh.] &c.; pā́tave, [AV.]; [Br.]; pā́tavaí, [RV.]), to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow (with acc., rarely gen.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (met.) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears &c.), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to drink up, exhaust, absorb, [BhP.]; [Pañc.]; to drink intoxicating liquors, [Buddh.] : Pass. pīyáte, [AV.] &c. &c.: Caus. pāyayati, °te (pf. pāyayām āsā, [MBh.]; aor. apīpyat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 4]; ind.p. pāyayitvā, [MBh.]; inf. pā́yayitavaí, [ŚBr.]), to cause to drink, give to drink, water (horses or cattle), [RV.] &c. &c.: Desid. pipāsati ([RV.] also pipīṣati), to wish to drink, thirst, [ib.] : Desid. of Caus. pipāyayiṣati, to wish or intend to give to drink, [Kāṭh.] : Intens. pepīyate (p. °yamāna also with pass meaning), to drink greedily or repeatedly, [Up.]; [Hariv.]

pā : [cf. Gk. πέ-πω-κα; Aeol. πώ-νω = πίνω; Lat. pō-tus, pō-tum, bibo for pi-bo; Slav. pi-ja, pi-ti]

pā : mfn. drinking, quaffing &c. (cf. agre-, ṛtu-, madhu-, soma- &c.)

pā : cl. 2. P. ([Dhāt. xxiv, 48]) pā́ti (Impv. pāhí; pr. p. P. pā́t Ā. pāná, [RV.]; pf. papau Gr.; aor. apāsīt, [Rājat.] Subj. pāsati, [RV.]; fut. pāsyati, pātā Gr.; Prec. pāyāt, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 68], Sch.; inf. pātum, [MBh.]), to watch, keep, preserve; to protect from, defend against (abl.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to protect (a country) i.e. rule, govern, [Rājat.]; to observe, notice, attend to, follow, [RV.]; [AitBr.] : Caus. pālayati See √ pāl: Desid. pipāsati Gr.: Intens. pāpāyate, pāpeti, pāpāti, [ib.]

pā : [cf. Zd. pā, paiti; Gk. πά-ομαι, πέ-πα-μαι, πῶ-ν, &c.; Lat. pa-sco, pa-bulum; Lith. pë-mů́]

pā : mfn. keeping, protecting, guarding &c. (cf. apāna-, ritā-, go-, tanū- &c.)

pā : cl. 3. Ā. pípīte, to rise against, be hostile (see 2. anūt-√ , p. 41; 2. ut-pā, p. 181; praty-ut- √ , p. 677).

punar : púnar ind. back, home, in an opposite direction, [RV.] &c. &c. (with √ 1. gam, yā, to go back or away; with √ dā, to give back, restore; with √ bhū, to turn round; with √ as and dat., to fall back upon)

punar : again, once more (also with bhūyas), [ib.] (with √ bhū, to exist again, be renewed, become a wife again, re-marry)

punar : again and again, repeatedly, [ib.] (mostly púnaḥ p° which with na = nevermore)

punar : further, moreover, besides, [ib.] (also punar aparam; ādau-punar-paścāt, at first-then-later)

punar : however, still, nevertheless, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (at the end of a verse it lays stress on a preceding atha vā, api vā, or vā alone; punar api, even again, on the other hand, also; kadā p°, at any time, ever; kim p°, how much more or less? however; — , now — now; at one time — at another time).

astam : ástam ind. at home, home, [RV.] &c., especially used with verbs, e.g. ástam-√ i [ástam éti; pr. p. astaṃ-yát, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; fut. p. astam-eṣyát, [AV.]; perf. p. ástamita See below s.v.]; ástaṃ-√ gam [ástam gácchati, [AV.] &c.; perf. p. astaṃ-gata, [MBh.] &c., once in reversed order gata astaṃ, [R. i, 33, 21]] or astaṃ-√ yā [pr. p. -yāt, [Mn. iv, 37]] to go down, set, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

asta : mfn. (perf. Pass. p. √ 2. as), thrown, cast, [Ragh. xii, 91]

asta : (án- neg.), [ŚBr. iii]

asta : (only in comp.) thrown off, left off, set aside, given up (as grief, anger, a vow, &c.), [VP.]; [Kathās.] &c.

asta : ásta n. home, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]

asta : ásta m. setting (as of the sun or of luminaries), [VarBṛS.]; [Sūryas.]

asta : ‘end, death’, see asta-samaya below

asta : the western mountain (behind which the sun is supposed to set), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.

asta : (in astron.) the seventh lunar mansion, [VarBṛ.]

asta : ásta m. astam-√ i, astaṃ-√ gam (also Caus. See astaṃ-gamita below), or √ prāp [[Kathās.]], to go to one's eternal home, cease, vanish, perish, die, [ŚBr. xiv]; [MBh.] &c.

asta : astaṃ-√ nī [-nayati], to lead to setting, cause to set, [MBh. iii, 17330]

gā : f. a song, [L.]

gā : cl. 3. P. jígāti ([RV.]; jagāti, [Naigh. ii, 14] (v.l.); Subj. jígāt; Impv. jígātu; aor. agāt; 3. pl. agan, [BhP. i, 9, 40]; Subj. [1. sg. geṣam, see anu- and upa-], 2. sg. gā́s, 3. sg. gāt, 2. pl. gātá, 3. pl. gur; [perf. jigāya, see ud-], perf. Pot. jagāyāt [[Naigh. ii, 14]] [RV. x, 28, 1]; inf. gā́tave, [RV. ii, 3, 1]; in Class. Sanskṛt only the aor. P. agāt occurs, for Ā. See adhi-; aor. Pass. agāyi, agāsātām, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 45] and [77]; cl. 2. P. gā́ti, [Naigh. ii, 14]; Ā. gāte, [Dhātup. xxii, 53]) to go, go towards, come, approach (with acc. or loc.), [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to go after, pursue, [RV. iv, 3, 13]; [x, 18, 4]; to fall to one's (dat.) share, be one's (acc.) due, [viii, 45, 32]; [Ragh. xi, 73]; to come into any state or condition (acc.), undergo, obtain, [MBh. iii, 10697]; [R.] &c.; to go away (from abl.; to any place loc.), [RV. x, 108, 9]; to come to an end, [Naiṣ. viii, 109]; to walk (on a path acc. or instr.), [RV. viii, 2, 39] and [5, 39]; (jigāti) to be born, [Vop.] on [Dhātup. xxv, 25] : Desid. jigīṣati, to desire to go, [BhP. ii, 10, 25];

gā : [cf. βίβημι, ἔβην; Old Germ. gām, gās, &c.; Goth. ga-tvo; Eng. to go.]

gā : mfn. Ved. ifc. ‘going’ (cf. a-gā; agre-, tamo-, puro-, samana- and svasti-gā́), [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 67.]

gā : mfn. (√ gai) ifc. ‘singing’, see sāma-gā

gā : f. See s.v. 3. ga.