sam : or stam cl. 1. P. samati or stamati, to be disturbed (accord. to some ‘to be undisturbed’; cf. √ śam), [Dhātup. xix, 82]; cl. 10. P. samayati or stamayati, to be agitated or disturbed, [Vop.]

sam : sám ind. (connected with 7. sa and sama, and opp. to 3. vi, q.v.) with, together with, along with, together, altogether (used as a preposition or prefix to verbs and verbal derivatives, like Gk. σύν, Lat. con, and expressing ‘conjunction’, ‘union’, ‘thoroughness’, ‘intensity’, ‘completeness’ e.g. saṃ√ yuj, ‘to join together’; saṃ-√ dhā, ‘to place together’; saṃ-dhi, ‘placing together’; saṃ-√ tap, ‘to consume utterly by burning’; sam-uccheda, ‘destroying altogether, complete destruction’; in Ved. the verb connected with it has sometimes to be supplied, e.g. ā́po agním yaśásaḥ sáṃ hí pūrvī́ḥ, ‘for many glorious waters surrounded Agni’; it is sometimes prefixed to nouns in the sense of sama, ‘same’; cf. samartha), [RV.] &c.;

u : the fifth letter and third short vowel of the alphabet, pronounced as the u in full.

u : ind. an interjection of compassion, anger, [L.]

u : a particle implying assent, calling, command, [L.]

u : ind. an enclitic copula used frequently in the Vedas;

u : (as a particle implying restriction and antithesis, generally after pronominals, prepositions, particles, and before nu and su, equivalent to) and, also, further; on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative, e.g. ya u, he on the contrary who &c.)

u : This particle may serve to give emphasis, like id and eva, especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns, in conjunction with nu, vai, hi, cid, &c. (e.g. ayám u vām purutámo … johavīti [[RV. iii, 62, 2]], this very person [your worshipper] invokes you &c.) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora, and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (e.g. tám u stuṣa índram tám gṛṇīṣe [[RV. ii, 20, 4]], him I praise, Indra, him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion, like the English ‘now’ (e.g. tád u táthā ná kuryāt [[ŚBr. v, 2, 2, 3]], that now he should not do in such a manner), and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (e.g. ká u tác ciketa [[RV. i, 164, 48]], who, I ask, should know that?)

u : Pāṇini calls this particle uñ to distinguish it from the interrogative . In the Pada-pāṭha it is written ūm.

u : In the classical language occurs only after atha, na, and kim, with a slight modification of the sense, and often only as an expletive (see kim);

u : — or — uta, on the one hand — on the other hand; partly — partly; as well — as.

u : cl. 5. P. unoti (see vy-u, [RV. v, 31, 1]) : cl. 2. Ā. (1. sg. uvé, [RV. x, 86, 7]) : cl. 1. Ā. avate, [Dhātup.]; to call to, hail; to roar, bellow (see also ota = ā-uta).

u : m. N. of Śiva

u : also of Brahman, [L.]

pra : prá ind. before

pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])

pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna

pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta

pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra

pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.

pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]

pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling

pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)

pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).

yanti : f., [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 39], Sch.

i : the third vowel of the alphabet, corresponding to i short, and pronounced as that letter in kill &c.

i : ind. an interjection of anger, calling, sorrow, distress, compassion, &c., (g. cādi, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 57], &c.)

i : base of Nominative case and Acc. sg. du. and pl. of the demonstrative pronoun idam, ‘this’ or ‘that’

i : [cf. ítara, itas, iti, íd, idā́, iyat, iva, iha: cf. also Lat. id; Goth. ita; Eng. it; Old Germ. iz; Mod. Germ. es.]

i : m. N. of Kāmadeva, [L.]

i : cl. 2. P. éti (Impv. 2. sg. ihí) and 1. P. Ā. áyati, ayate [cf. √ ay], (pf. iyāya [2. sg. iyátha, [AV. viii, 1, 10], and iyétha, [RV.]] fut. eṣyati; aor. aiṣīt; inf. etum, étave, [RV.] & [AV.], étavaí, [RV.] étos, [RV.] ityaí, [RV. i, 113, 6]; [124, 1]) to go, walk; to flow; to blow; to advance, spread, get about; to go to or towards (with acc.), come, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hit.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to go away, escape, pass, retire, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [R.]; to arise from, come from, [RV.]; [ChUp.]; to return (in this sense only fut.), [MBh.]; [R.]; (with punar) to come back again, return, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Pañcat.] &c.; to succeed, [Mn. iii, 127]; to arrive at, reach, obtain, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Śak.]; [Hit.] &c.; to fall into, come to; to approach with prayers, gain by asking (cf. ita); to undertake anything (with acc.); to be employed in, go on with, continue in any condition or relation (with a part. or instr., e.g. asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti, ‘the Asuras and Rakshases are being continually crushed’, [ŚBr. i, 1, 4, 14]; gavāmayaneneyuḥ, ‘they, were engaged in the [festival called] Gavāmayana’, [KātyŚr. xxv, 5, 2]); to appear, be, [KaṭhUp.] : Intens. Ā. ī́yate ([RV. i, 30, 18]; p. iyāná, [RV.]; inf. iyádhyai, [RV. vi, 20, 8]) to go quickly or repeatedly; to come, wander, run, spread, get about, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to appear, make one's appearance, [RV.]; [AV.]; [BṛĀrUp.]; to approach any one with requests (with two acc.), ask, request, [RV.]; [AV.]: Pass. ī́yate, to be asked or requested, [RV.]: Caus. āyayati, to cause to go or escape, [Vop.];

i : [cf. Gk. εἶ-μι, ἴ-μεν; Lat. e-o, ī-mus, i-ter, &c.; Lith. ei-mì, ‘I go’; Slav. i-dû, ‘I go’, i-ti, ‘to go’; Goth. i-ddja, ‘I went’.]

dhīti : dhītí f. thought, idea, reflection, intention, devotion, prayer (pl. also personified; cf. 2. dhī), [RV.]; [TBr.] &c.

dhīti : pl. wisdom, understanding ([Naigh. ii, 5] and [Sāy.] ‘the fingers’), [RV.]

dhīti : f. drinking

dhīti : thirst, [L.]

sarga : sárga m. (ifc. f(A). ; fr. √ sṛj) letting go, discharging, voiding (as excrement), [MBh.]; [R.]

sarga : starting (a race-horse), racing, [RV.]

sarga : a herd let loose from a stable, any troop or host or swarm or multitude, [ib.]; [Rājat.]

sarga : a draught of air, gust of wind, [RV.]

sarga : a stream, gush, rush, downpour (of any fluid; acc. with √ kṛ, ‘to cast or strike down’, [RV.])

sarga : a dart, shot, [ib.]

sarga : emission or creation of matter, primary creation (as opp. to pratisarga ‘secondary creation’), creation of the world (as opp. to its pralaya ‘dissolution’, and sthiti, ‘maintenance in existence’; 9 different creations are enumerated in [BhP. iii, 10, 13]; ā sargāt, ‘from the creation or beginning of the world’; sarge ‘in the created world’), [Up.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

sarga : a created being, creature (with daiva ‘a divine creation’, ‘a god’), [Ragh.]

sarga : begetting, procreation, [MBh.]

sarga : origin, [BhP.]

sarga : offspring, a child, [ib.]

sarga : nature, natural property, disposition, tendency, [Bhag. v, 19]

sarga : effort, exertion, resolution, resolve, will, [Ragh.]; [Śiś.]

sarga : a section, chapter, book, canto (esp. in an epic poem)

sarga : assent, agreement, [L.]

sarga : fainting (= moha), [L.]

sarga : implement of war, [MBh. xi, 2165] ([Nīlak.])

sarga : = visarga, the aspiration at the end of a word, [Cat.]

sarga : N. of Śiva, [MBh.]

sarga : of a son of Rudra, [Pur.]

sarga : &c. See p. 1182, col. 3.

avata : avatá m. a well, cistern, [RV.] (cf. avatká.)

avata : avatá See above s.v. avaṭá.

kratu : krátu m. (√ 1. kṛ, or 2. kṛ), plan, design, intention, resolution, determination, purpose, [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

kratu : desire, will (instr. krátvā, willingly, readily, [RV.]; ékena krátunā, through the mere will, [RV. ii, 13, 11])

kratu : power, ability, [RV.]

kratu : deliberation, consultation, [RV.]; [VS.]

kratu : intelligence, understanding (e.g. bhadrá krátu, right judgement, good understanding; also in conjunction or in comp. or ifc. with dákṣa See krátu-dákṣau and dakṣakratū́), [RV.]; [VS.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]

kratu : inspiration, enlightenment, [RV.]

kratu : a sacrificial rite or ceremony, sacrifice (as the Aśva-medha sacrifice), offering, worship (also personified, [R. vii, 90, 9]), [AitBr.]; [ŚBr. xi]; [ĀśvŚr.] &c.

kratu : Kratu as intelligence personified (as a son of Brahmā and one of the Prajā-patis or the seven or ten principal Ṛṣis, [Mn. i, 35]; [MBh. i, 2518] & [2568]; [Hariv.] &c.; [N. of a star] [VarBṛS.]; married to Kriyā and father of 60,000 Vālikhilyas, [BhP. iv, 1, 39]; husband of Haya-śirā, [vi, 6, 33])

kratu : N. of one of the Viśve-devās, [VP.]

kratu : of a son of Kṛṣṇa, [BhP. x, 61, 12]

kratu : of a son of Ūru and Āgneyī, [Hariv. 73]

kratu : of the author of a Dharma-śāstra, [Parāś.]; [Śūdradh.]

kratu : krátu m. or f. (?), N. of a river in Plakṣa-dvīpa (v.l. kramu), [VP.] [cf. a-, ádbhuta-, abhí-, &c.; cf. also κράτος.]

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

soma : sóma m. (fr. √ 3. su) juice, extract, (esp.) the juice of the Soma plant, (also) the Soma plant itself (said to be the climbing plant Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida, the stalks [aṃśu] of which were pressed between stones [adri] by the priests, then sprinkled with water, and purified in a strainer [pavitra]; whence the acid juice trinkled into jars [kalaśa] or larger vessels [droṇa]; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour &c., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods [in this respect corresponding with the ritual of the Iranian Avesta] or was drunk by the Brāhmans, by both of whom its exhilarating effect was supposed to be prized; it was collected by moonlight on certain mountains [in [RV. x, 34, 1], the mountain Mūja-vat is mentioned]; it is sometimes described as having been brought from the sky by a falcon [śyena] and guarded by the Gandharvas; it is personified as one of the most important of Vedic gods, to whose praise all the 114 hymns of the 9th book of the [RV.] besides 6 in other books and the whole, [SV.] are dedicated; in post-Vedic mythology and even in a few of the latest hymns of the [RV.] [although not in the whole of the 9th book] as well as sometimes in the [AV.] and in the [Br.], Soma is identified with the moon [as the receptacle of the other beverage of the gods called Amṛta, or as the lord of plants, cf. indu, oṣadhi-pati] and with the god of the moon, as well as with Viṣṇu, Śiva, Yama, and Kubera; he is called rājan, and appears among the 8 Vasus and the 8 Loka-pālas [[Mn. v, 96]], and is the reputed author of [RV. x, 124, 1], [5]-[9], of a law-book &c.; cf. below), [RV.] &c. &c.

soma : the moon or moon-god (see above)

soma : a Soma sacrifice, [AitĀr.]

soma : a day destined for extracting the Soma-juice, [ĀśvŚr.]

soma : Monday (= soma-vāra), [Inscr.]

soma : nectar, [L.]

soma : camphor, [L.]

soma : air, wind, [L.]

soma : water, [L.]

soma : a drug of supposed magical properties, [W.]

soma : a partic. mountain or mountainous range (accord. to some the mountains of the moon), [ib.]

soma : a partic. class of Pitṛs (prob. for soma-pā), [ib.]

soma : N. of various authors (also with paṇḍita, bhaṭṭa, śarman &c.; cf. above), [Cat.]

soma : = somacandra, or somendu, [HPariś.]

soma : N. of a monkey-chief, [L.]

soma : sóma (am), n. rice-water, rice-gruel, [L.]

soma : heaven, sky, ether, [L.]

soma : sóma mfn. relating to Soma (prob. w.r. for sauma), [Kāṭh.]

soma : mfn. (prob.) together with Umā, [IndSt.]

jīv : cl. 1. jī́vati (ep. also Ā.; Subj. °vāti, [RV. x, 85, 39]; [AV.]; °vāt, [RV. i, 84, 16]; p. jī́vat; aor. ajivīt; jīvīt, [AV.]; pf. jijīva; fut. jīviṣyáti; Prec. °vyā́sam, °vyāsma, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; inf. jī́vitum, [xiv]; [MBh.] &c.; Ved. °vāse, [RV.]; [VS.]; [MBh. i, 732]; jī́vitavaí, [AV. vi, 109, 1]) to live, be or remain alive, [RV.] &c.; to revive, [Pañcat. iv, 5, 0/1]; [BhP. iv, 6, 51]; (with punar), [MBh.]; to live by (instr.; exceptionally loc., [v, 1059 f.]), [Mn.]; [Pāṇ. iv, 4, 12]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. jīváyati (ep. also Ā.; aor. ajījivat or ajijīv°, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 3]) to make alive, restore to life, vivify, [RV. x, 137, 1]; [ĀśvŚr. vi, 9]; [MBh.] &c.; to support life, keep alive, [MBh.] &c.; to nourish, bring up, [i], [xiii]; [Kathās. iii, 17 f.]; [Rājat. v, 72]; to shout ‘jīva’ (i.e. long live!), [Kathās. cxxiv, 113]; jīvāpayati (cf. °pita) to restore to life, [Vet. ii, 9/10] : Desid. jijīviṣati (Ā. [BhP. xi, 7, 70]) to wish to live, [KātyŚr. xxii]; [Lāṭy. viii]; [ĪśUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to seek a livelihood, wish to live by (instr.), [Mn. x, 121]; [MBh. v, 702]; jújyūṣati id., [ŚBr. iii, 2, 4, 16] and [5, 3, 11]; cf. jijyūṣita;

jīv : [cf. Lat. vivo; Lith. gīvēnu.]

vi : ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).

vi : [cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]

vi : n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]

vi : ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)

vi : sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)

vi : in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)

vi : it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article

vi : but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.

mada : máda m. hilarity, rapture, excitement, inspiration, intoxication, [RV.] &c. &c.

mada : (du. with madasya N. of 2 Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.])

mada : ardent passion for (comp.), [MBh.]

mada : (ifc. f. ā) sexual desire or enjoyment, wantonness, lust, ruttishness, rut (esp. of an elephant), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

mada : pride, arrogance, presumption, conceit of or about (gen. or comp.), [ib.]

mada : any exhilarating or intoxicating drink, spirituous liquor, wine, Soma, [RV.] &c. &c.,

mada : honey, [Ragh.]

mada : the fluid or juice that exudes from a rutting elephant's temples, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

mada : semen virile, [L.]

mada : musk, [L.]

mada : any beautiful object, [L.]

mada : a river, [L.]

mada : N. of the 7th astrol. mansion, [Var.]

mada : Intoxication or Insanity personified (as a monster created by Cyavana), [MBh.]

mada : N. of a son of Brahmā, [VP.]

mada : of a Dānava, [Hariv.]

mada : of a servant of Śiva, [BhP.]

mada : máda n. N. of 2 Sāmans, [ĀrṣBr.]

dhāraya : mfn. holding, bearing &c. ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 138])

dhāraya : owing a sum (gen.) to (dat.), [L.]

dhṛ : cl. 1. P. Ā. dharati, °te ([Dhātup. xxii, 3]; Ā. Pot. dhareran, [ĀpŚr.]), but more commonly in the same sense the Caus. form dhārayati, °te (perf. P. dādhā́ra or dadhā́ra, °dhártha [Impv. dadhartu, [AV.Paipp.]]; Ā. dadhré, 3. pl. °dhriré, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. adhāram, [R.]; adhṛta, dhṛthās, [AV.]; ádīdharat, [RV.] &c. &c. [dīdhar, didhṛtam, °ta, [RV.]; 3. pl. °rata, [ŚBr.]]; adhārṣīt Gr.; fut. dhariṣyati, [MBh.]; °ṣyé, [AV.]; dhartā, [BhP.]; inf. dhartum, [Kāv.], °tavai, [Br.] [dhartári See under °tṛ]; ind.p. dhṛtvā, -dhṛtya, [Br.]) to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergo, [RV.] &c. &c.; (with or scil. ātmānam, jīvitam, prāṇān, deham, śarīram &c.) to preserve soul or body, continue living, survive, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (esp. fut. dhariṣyati; cf. Pass. below); to hold back, keep down, stop, restrain, suppress, resist, [Br.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to place or fix in, bestow or confer on (loc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.] &c.; to destine for (dat.; Ā. also to be destined for or belong to), [RV.]; to present to (gen.), [Kāraṇḍ.]; to direct or turn (attention, mind, &c.) towards, fix or resolve upon (loc. or dat.), [Up.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]; Ā. to be ready or prepared for, [ŚBr.]; P. Ā. to owe anything (acc.) to (dat. or gen.), [MBh.] (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 35]); to prolong (in pronunciation), [AitBr.]; [RPrāt.]; to quote, cite, [L.]; (with garbham) to conceive, be pregnant (older °bham-√ bhṛ), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (with daṇḍam) to inflict punishment on (loc.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [BhP.] (also damam); (with keśān, or śmaśru) to let the hair or beard grow, [MBh.]; (with raśmīn [[ib.]] or praharān [[Śak.]]) to draw the reins tight; (with dharamam) to fulfil a duty, [R.]; (with vratám) to observe or keep a vow, [RV.] &c. &c.; (with dhāraṇām) to practise self-control, [Yājñ.]; (wit. ipas) to perform penance, [BhP.]; (with mūrdhnā or °dhni, śirasā or °si) to bear on the head, honour highly, [Kāv.]; (with or scil. tulayā) to hold in a balance, weigh, measure, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (with or scil. manasā) to bear in mind, recollect, remember, [ib.]; (with samaye) to hold to an agreement, cause to make a compact, [Pañc. i, 125/126] (B. dṛṣṭvā for dhṛtvā) : Pass. dhriyáte (ep. also °yati; pf. dadhré &c. = Ā.; aor. adhāri) to be borne &c.; to be firm, keep steady, [RV.] &c. &c.; continue living, exist, remain, [Br.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (also dhāryate, [R.]); to begin, resolve upon, undertake (dat.; acc. or inf.), [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.] : Caus. dhāráyati, °te See above: Desid. didhīrṣati (see °ṣā), didhariṣate, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 75]; didhārayiṣati, to wish to keep up or preserve (ātmānam), [Gobh. iii, 5, 30] : Intens. dárdharti ([RV.]) and dādharti (3. pl. °dhrati, [TS.]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 65]) to hold fast, bear firmly, fasten.

dhṛ : [cf. Zd. dar ; Gk. θρόνος, θρᾶ-νος, θρή-σασθαι; Lat. frē-tus, frē-num.]

camasa : camasá m. (n. g. ardharcādi; f(I). , [L.], Sch.; fr. √ cam) a vessel used at sacrifices for drinking the Soma, kind of flat dish or cup or ladle (generally of a square shape, made of wood and furnished with a handle), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.] &c.

camasa : camasá m. a cake (made of barley, rice, or lentils, ground to meal), sweetmeat, flour, [L.], Sch.

camasa : (g. gargādi) N. of a son of Ṛṣabha, [BhP. v], [xi]

camasa : = camasodbheda, [MBh. iii, 5053]

vivakṣase : ví-vakṣase (fr. √ vakṣ, or vac or vah, either 2. sg. Ā. or Ved. inf.), occurring only as refrain and without connection with other words in the hymns of Vi-mada, [RV. x, 24] &c. (accord. to [Naigh. iii, 3] = mahat).

vac : cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 55]) vakti (occurs only in sg. vacmi, vakṣi, vakti, and Impv. vaktu; Ved. also cl. 3. P. vívakti; pf. uvā́ca, ūj, [RV.] &c. &c.; uváktha, [AV.]; vavāca, vavakṣé, [RV.]; aor. avocat, °cata, [RV.] &c. &c.; in Veda also Subj. vocati, °te, vecāti; Pot. vocét, °ceta; Impv. vocatu; Prec. ucyāsam, [Br.]; fut. vaktā́, [ib.] &c.; vakṣyáti, [RV.] &c. &c.; °te, [MBh.]; Cond. avakṣyat, [Br.]; [Up.]; inf. váktum, [Br.] &c.; °tave, [RV.]; °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. uktvā́, [Br.] &c.; -úcya, [ib.]), to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describe (with acc. with or without prati dat. or gen. of pers., and acc. of thing; often with double acc., e.g. tam idaṃ vākyam uvāca, ‘he spoke this speech to him’; with double acc. also ‘to name, call’, Ā. with nom. ‘one's self’; with punar, ‘to speak again, repeat’; or ‘to answer, reply’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to reproach, revile (acc.), [Hariv.]; [R.] : Pass. ucyáte (aor. avāci, or in later language avoci), to be spoken or said or told or uttered &c., [RV.] &c. &c. (yad ucyate, ‘what the saying is’); to resound, [RV.]; to be called or accounted, be regarded as, pass for (nom., [L.] also loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. vācayati, °te (Pot. vācayīta, [ĀśvGṛ.]; aor. avīvacat; Pass. vācyate), to cause to say or speak or recite or pronounce (with double acc.; often the object is to be supplied), [Br.]; [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause anything written or printed to speak i.e. to read out loud, [Hariv.]; [Kāv.]; [Kathās.] &c.; ([Dhātup. xxxiv, 35]) to say, tell, declare, [Bhaṭṭ.]; to promise, [MBh.] : Desid. vivakṣati, °te (Pass. vivakṣyate), to desire to say or speak or recite or proclaim or declare, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (Pass.) to be meant, [Śaṃk.]; [Sarvad.] : Intens. (only ávāvacīt) to call or cry aloud, [RV. x, 102, 6.]

vac : [cf. Gk. ἐπ for ϝεπ in ἔπος, εῖπον, ὄψ, ὄσσα &c.; Lat. vocare, vox; Germ. gi-waht, gi-wahinnen, er-wähnen.]