sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

it : ifc. going, going towards

it : cf. arthét

it : (for 2. See s.v.)

it : (in Gr.) an indicatory letter or syllable attached to roots &c. (= anubandha, q.v.)

it : for the Ved. particle id, q.v.

id : íd ind. Ved. (probably the neut. form of the pronom. base i See 3. i; a particle of affirmation) even, just, only

id : indeed, assuredly (especially, in strengthening an antithesis, e.g. yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd asat, as the gods wish it, thus indeed it will be, [RV. viii, 28, 4]; dípsanta íd ripávo nā́ha debhuḥ, the enemies wishing indeed to hurt were in nowise able to hurt, [RV. i, 147, 3]). is often added to words expressing excess or exclusion (e.g. viśva it, every one indeed; śaśvad it, constantly indeed; eka it, one only). At the beginning of sentences it often adds emphasis to pronouns, prepositions, particles (e.g. tvam it, thou indeed; yadi it, if indeed, &c.) occurs often in the Ṛg-veda and Atharva-veda, seldom in the Brāhmaṇas, and its place is taken in classical Sanskṛt by eva and other particles.

ghṛtavat : ghṛtá—vat (°tá-), mfn. abounding in fat, greasy, mixed or smeared with ghee, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr. iii], [xii]

ghṛtavat : containing the word ghṛtá (a verse), [i f.]

ghṛtavat : ghṛtá—vat ind. like ghee, [W.]

payaḥ : in comp. for °yas.

payas : páyas n. (√ 1. pī) any fluid or juice, (esp.) milk, water, rain

payas : semen virile, (met.) vital spirit, power, strength, [RV.] &c. &c.

payas : a species of Andropogon, [Bhpr.]

payas : N. of a Sāman, [ŚrS.]

payas : of a Virāj, [RPrāt.]

payas : night, [Naigh. i, 7.]

vipra : vípra mf(A)n. stirred or excited (inwardly), inspired, wise (said of men and gods, esp. of Agni, Indra, the Aśvins, Maruts &c.; cf. paṇḍita), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

vipra : learned (esp. in theology), [TS.]; [ŚBr.]

vipra : a sage, seer, singer, poet, learned theologian, [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

vipra : a Brāhman (ā f. a Brāhman woman), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

vipra : a priest, domestic priest, [R.]

vipra : the moon, [L.]

vipra : the month Bhādrapada, [L.]

vipra : Ficus Religiosa, [L.]

vipra : Acacia Sirissa, [L.]

vipra : (in prosody) a proceleusmatic, [Col.]

vipra : N. of a son of Ślīṣṭi, [VP.] (v.l. ripra)

vipra : of a son of Śrutaṃ-jaya (or Śṛtaṃ-jaya), [BhP.]

vipra : of a son of Dhruva, [ib.]

vipra : pl. a class of demi-gods (mentioned with the Sādhyas, Yakṣas and Rākṣasas), [ĀśvGṛ.]

vipra : &c. See √ vip, p. 972.

rih : (Vedic form of √ lih) cl. 6. 2. P. riháti, réḍhi (or réi; 3. pl. Ā. rihaté; pr. p. rihāṇá or ríhāṇa), to lick, kiss, caress, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; (rihati) to praise, worship, [Naigh. iii, 14]; (Imp. ririḍḍhi, rirīhi) to ask, implore, [ib.] [iii, 19]; also v.l. for √ riph, [Dhātup. xxviii, 23] : Intens. rerihyáte (rérihat, °hāṇa See s.v.), to lick or kiss again and again, caress repeatedly, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]

dhīti : dhītí f. thought, idea, reflection, intention, devotion, prayer (pl. also personified; cf. 2. dhī), [RV.]; [TBr.] &c.

dhīti : pl. wisdom, understanding ([Naigh. ii, 5] and [Sāy.] ‘the fingers’), [RV.]

dhīti : f. drinking

dhīti : thirst, [L.]

gandharva : gandharvá as, m. a Gandharva [though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded as a class, yet in [RV.] rarely more than one is mentioned; he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva (divyá g°, [RV. ix, 86, 36] and [x, 139, 5]), and is also called Viśvā-vasu ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [139, 4] and [5]) and Vāyu-keśa (in pl. [RV. iii, 38, 6]); his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters ([RV. i, 22, 14]; [viii, 77, 5]; [ix, 85, 12]; [86, 36]; [x, 10, 4]; [AV. ii, 2, 3]); his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma ([RV. ix, 83, 4] and [85, 12]), which the gods obtain through his intervention ([RV.]; [AV. vii, 73, 3]; cf. [RV. i, 22, 14]); it is obtained for the human race by Indra, who conquers the Gandharva and takes it by force ([RV. viii, 1, 11] and [77, 5]); the heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good physician, because the Soma is considered as the best medicine; possibly, however, the word Soma originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly Gandharva may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon; in one passage ([RV. ix, 86, 36]) the heavenly Gandharva and the Soma are identified; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses ([i, 163, 2]; [x, 177, 2]; cf. [135, 5]); he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ([x, 139, 5] and [6]; [AV. ii, 1, 2]; [xx, 128, 3]; [VS. xi, 1]; [xxxii, 9]); he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, Yama and Yamī ([RV. x, 10, 4]), and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [40] and [41]); for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies ([AV. xiv, 2, 35] and [36]); ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva (cf. -gṛhīta, -graha); the Gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva; they live in the sky ([RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr. xiv]), guard the Soma ([RV. ix, 113, 3]; [ŚBr. iii]; [AitBr. i, 27]), are governed by Varuṇa (just as the Apsarasas are governed by Soma), [ŚBr. xiii]; [ĀśvŚr. x, 7, 3], know the best medicines ([AV. viii, 7, 23]; [VS. xii, 98]), regulate the course of the asterisms ([AV. xiii, 1, 23]; [BhP. iv, 29, 21]; hence twenty-seven are mentioned, [VS. ix, 7]), follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them ([AV.]; [ŚBr. iii]); as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma, the Gandharvas, and Agni ([Gṛhyās. ii, 19 f.]; [Pañcat.]; [Suśr.]); the wives of the Gandharvas are the Apsarasas (cf. gandharvāpsarás), and like them the Gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice ([AV. vii, 109, 5]); they are also feared as evil beings together with the Rākṣasas, Kimīdins, Piśācas, &c., amulets being worn as a protection against them ([AV.]; [Suśr.]); they are said to have revealed the Vedas to Vāc ([ŚBr. iii]; cf. [PārGṛ. ii, 12, 2]), and are called the preceptors of the Ṛṣis ([ŚBr. xi]); Purūravas is called among them ([ib.]); in epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers (cf. [RV. x, 177, 2]) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing also in his battles ([Yājñ. i, 71]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.; cf. [RTL. p. 238]); in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (i.e. gods, manes, Gandharvas, [AV. xi, 5, 2]; or gods, Asuras, Gandharvas, men, [TS. vii, 8, 25, 2]; cf. [ŚBr. x]; or gods, men, Gandharvas, Apsarasas, Sarpas, and manes, [AitBr. iii, 31, 5]; for other enumerations cf. [Nir. iii, 8]; [Mn. i, 37] [[RTL. p. 237]] & [iii, 196]; [vii, 23]; [xii, 47]; [Nal.] &c.); divine and human Gandharvas are distinguished ([TUp. ii, 8]; the divine or Deva-Gandharvas are enumerated, [MBh. i, 2550 ff.] and [4810 ff.]); another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas ([TĀr. i, 9, 3]); the chief or leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha ([Bhag. x, 26]); they are called the creatures of Prajāpati ([Mn. i, 37]) or of Brahmā ([Hariv. 11793]) or of Kaśyapa ([11850]) or of the Munis ([MBh. i, 2550]; [Hariv. 11553]) or of Prādhā ([MBh. i, 2556]) or of Ariṣṭā ([Hariv. 234]; [VP. i, 21]) or of Vāc ([PadmaP.]); with Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras]

gandharva : N. of the attendant of the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī, [L.]

gandharva : a singer, [VarBṛS. lxxxvii, 33]; [BhP. i, 11, 21]

gandharva : the Koïl or black cuckoo, [L.]

gandharva : a sage, pious man, [Mahīdh.] on [VS. xxxii, 9]

gandharva : a horse, [MBh. iii, 11762]

gandharva : cf. [ii, 1043]

gandharva : the musk deer (derived fr. gandha), [L.]

gandharva : the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost), [L.]

gandharva : N. of the 14th Kalpa or period of the world, [VāyuP. i, 21, 30]

gandharva : of the 21st Muhūrta, [Sūryapr.]

gandharva : of a Svara or tone (for gāndhāra?), [Hariv. ii, 120, 4]

gandharva : gandharvá m. pl. the Gandharvas (see above)

gandharva : gandharvá m. N. of a people (named together with the Gāndhāras), [R. vii, 100, 10 f.] and [101, 2 ff.] and [11]; [VarBṛS. xiv, 31]

gandharva : [cf. Gk. κένταυρος fr. κενθαρϝο-ς.]

dhruva : dhruvá mf(A/)n. (prob. fr. √ dhṛ, but cf. √ dhru and dhruv) fixed, firm, immovable, unchangeable, constant, lasting, permanent, eternal, [RV.] &c. &c. (e.g. the earth, a mountain, a pillar, a vow &c.; with svāṅga n. an inseparable member of the body, [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 177]; with dhenu f. a cow which stands quiet when milked, [AV. xii, 1, 45]; with diś f. the point of the heavens directly under the feet [reckoned among the quarters of the sky, cf. 2. diś] [AV.]; [Br.]; with smṛti f. a strong or retentive memory, [ChUp. vii, 26, 2]; cf. also under karaṇa and nakṣatra)

dhruva : staying with (loc.), [RV. ix, 101, 12]

dhruva : settled, certain, sure, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

dhruva : ifc. = pāpa, [L.]

dhruva : dhruvá m. the polar star (personified as son of Uttāna-pāda and grandson of Manu), [GṛS.]; [MBh.] &c.

dhruva : celestial pole, [Sūryas.]

dhruva : the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars, a constant arc, [ib.]

dhruva : a knot, [VS. v, 21]; [30]

dhruva : a post, stake, [L.]

dhruva : the Indian fig-tree, [L.]

dhruva : tip of the nose (?), [L.]

dhruva : a partic. water-bird, [ib.]

dhruva : the remaining (i.e. preserved) Graha which having been drawn in the morning is not offered till evening, [ŚBr.]; [Vait.]

dhruva : (in music) the introductory verse of a song (recurring as a kind of burthen) or a partic. time or measure (tāla-viśeṣa)

dhruva : any epoch to which a computation of dates is referred, [W.]

dhruva : N. of an astrol. Yoga

dhruva : of the syllable Om, [RāmatUp.]

dhruva : of Brahmā, [L.]

dhruva : of Viṣṇu, [MBh.]

dhruva : of Śiva, [Śivag.]

dhruva : of a serpent supporting the earth, [GṛS.]; [TĀr.]

dhruva : of a Vasu, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

dhruva : of a son of Vasu-deva and Rohiṇī, [BhP.]

dhruva : of an Āṅgirasa (supposed author of [RV. x, 173]), [Anukr.]

dhruva : of a son of Nahuṣa, [MBh.]

dhruva : of a follower of the Pāṇḍus, [ib.]

dhruva : of a son of Ranti-nāra (or Ranti-bhāra), [Pur.]

dhruva : dhruvá n. the fixed point (from which a departure takes place), [Pāṇ. i, 4, 24]

dhruva : the enduring sound (supposed to be heard after the Abhinidhāna), [RPrāt.]

dhruva : air, atmosphere, [L.]

dhruva : a kind of house, [Gal.]

dhruva : [cf. Zd. drva.]

pada : padá n. (rarely m.) a step, pace, stride

pada : a footstep, trace, vestige, mark, the foot itself, [RV.] &c. &c. (padena, on foot; pade pade, at every step, everywhere, on every occasion; trīṇi padāni viṣṇoḥ, the three steps or footprints of Viṣṇu [i.e. the earth, the air, and the sky; cf. [RV. i, 154, 5]; [Vikr. i, 19]], also N. of a constellation or according to some ‘the space between the eyebrows’; sg. viṣṇoḥ padam N. of a locality; padaṃ-√ dā, padāt padaṃ-√ gam or √ cal, to make a step, move on; padaṃ-√ kṛ, with loc. to set foot in or on, to enter; with mūrdhni, to set the foot upon the head of [gen.] i.e. overcome; with citte or hṛdaye, to take possession of any one's heart or mind; with loc. or prati, to have dealings with; padaṃ ni-√ dhā with loc., to set foot in = to make impression upon; with padavyām, to set the foot on a person's [gen. or ibc.] track, to emulate or equal; padam ni-√ bandh with loc., to enter or engage in)

pada : a sign, token, characteristic, [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; [Pur.]

pada : a footing, standpoint

pada : position, rank, station, site, abode, home, [RV.] &c. &c. (padam ā-√ tan, to spread or extend one's position; padāt padam bhrāmayitvā, having caused to wander from place to place)

pada : a business affair, matter, object or cause of (gen. or comp.), [Kāv.]; [Pañc.] &c.

pada : a pretext, [L.]

pada : a part, portion, division (cf. dvi-, tri-)

pada : a square on a chess-board, [R.]

pada : a plot of ground, [Inscr.]

pada : the foot as a measure of length (= 12 or 15 fingers' breadth, or 1/2 or 1/3 or 3/7 of a Prakrama), [KātyŚr.]

pada : a ray of light (m., [L.])

pada : a portion of a verse, quarter or line of a stanza, [RV.] &c. &c.

pada : a word or an inflected word or the stem of a noun in the middle cases and before some Taddhitas, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 14] &c.

pada : = pada-pāṭha, [Prāt.]

pada : common N. of the P. and Ā. [Cat.]

pada : any one in a set of numbers the sum of which is required

pada : a period in an arithmetical progression, [Col.]

pada : a square root, [Sūryas.]

pada : a quadrant, [ib.]

pada : protection, [L.]

pada : [cf. Gk. πέδον; Lat. peda; op-pidum for op-pedum.]