pra : prá ind. before

pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])

pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna

pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta

pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra

pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.

pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]

pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling

pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)

pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).

su : cl. 1. P. Ā. savati, °te, to go, move, [Dhātup. xxii, 42] ([Vop.] sru).

su : (= √ 1. sū) cl. 1. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 43] and [xxiv, 32]; savati, sauti, only in 3. sg. pr. sauti and 2. sg. Impv. suhi) to urge, impel, incite, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to possess supremacy, [Dhātup.]

su : cl. 5. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 1]) sunóti, sunute (in [RV.] 3. pl. sunvánti, sunviré [with pass. sense] and suṣvati; p. sunvát or sunvāná [the latter with act. and pass. sense] [ib.]; pf. suṣāva, suṣuma &c., [ib.]; [MBh.]; p. in Veda suṣuvás and suṣvāṇá [the later generally with pass. sense; accord. to [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 106], also suṣuvāṇa with act. sense]; aor. accord. to Gr. asāvīt or asauṣīt, asoṣṭa or asaviṣṭa; in [RV.] also Impv. sótu, sutám, and p. [mostly pass.] suvāná [but the spoken form is svāná and so written in [SV.], suv° in [RV.]]; and 3. pl. asuṣavuḥ, [AitBr.]; fut. sotā, [ib.]; soṣyati, [KātyŚr.]; saviṣyati, [ŚBr.]; inf. sótave, sótos, [RV.] : [Br.]; sotum Gr.; ind.p. -sútya, [Br.]; -sūya, [MBh.]), to press out, extract (esp. the juice from the Soma plant for libations), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Up.]; [MBh.]; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits &c.) Sch. on [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 132] : Pass. sūyáte (in [RV.] also Ā. 3. sg. sunve and 3. pl. sunviré with pass. sense; aor. ásāvi, [ib.]) : Caus. -sāvayati or -ṣāvayati (see abhi-ṣu and pra-√ su; aor. asūṣavat, accord. to some asīṣavat) Gr.: Desid. of Caus. suṣāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. susūṣati, °te, [ib.] : Intens. soṣūyate, soṣavīti, soṣoti, [ib.]

su : (= √ 2. sū), (only in 3. sg. sauti See pra-√ sū) to beget, bring forth.

su : sú ind. (opp. to dus and corresponding in sense to Gk. εὖ; perhaps connected with 1. vásu, and, accord. to some, with pron. base sa, as ku with ka; in Veda also sū́ and liable to become ṣu or ṣū and to lengthen a preceding vowel, while a following na may become ṇa; it may be used as an adj. or adv.), good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much, greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; esp. with u, = ‘forthwith, immediately’; with mo i.e. mā u, = ‘never, by no means’ ; sú kam often emphatically with an Impv., e.g. tíṣṭhā sú kam maghavan mā́ parā gāḥ, ‘do tarry O Maghavan, go not past’, [RV. iii, 53, 2]; always qualifies the meaning of a verb and is never used independently at the beginning of a verse; in later language it is rarely a separate word, but is mostly prefixed to substantives, adjectives, adverbs and participles, exceptionally also to an ind.p., e.g. su-baddhvā, ‘having well bound’, [Mṛcch. x, 50]; or even to a finite verb, e.g. su-nirvavau, [Śiś. vi, 58]), [RV.] &c.;

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following, in which the initial ṣ stands for an orig. s) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

jyeṣṭham : jyéṣṭham (am), ind. most, extremely, [ŚBr. i, 8, 1, 4.]

jyeṣṭha : jyéṣṭha mfn. ([Pāṇ. v, 3, 61]) most excellent, pre-eminent, first, chief, best, greatest, (m.) the chief, [RV.] &c. (ifc. [e.g. vacana-, ‘best in speech’, [Kāś.]] [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 25])

jyeṣṭha : more excellent than (abl.), [MBh. xiii, 7205]

jyeṣṭha : (in math. with pada or mūla) greatest (root [square root] extracted from the quantity operated upon)

jyeṣṭha : ([Pāṇ. v, 3, 62]; °ṣṭhá) eldest, (m.) the eldest brother, [RV. iv, 33, 5]; [x, 11, 2]; [AV.] &c.

jyeṣṭha : jyéṣṭha m. (scil. ghaṭa) the ascending bucket (in a machine for raising water), [Kuval. 46]

jyeṣṭha : for jyaiṣṭha, [VarBṛS.]; [Rājat.]

jyeṣṭha : N. of a man, [MBh. xii, 13593]

jyeṣṭha : jyéṣṭha n. what is most excellent, [RV. x, 120, 1]; [AV.] (also oxyt.)

jyeṣṭha : tin, [L.]

jyeṣṭha : N. of a Liṅga, [LiṅgaP. i, 1, 3]

jyeṣṭha : with puṣkara See °ṣṭha-p°

jyeṣṭha : jyéṣṭha (ā, [L.], ī), f. a small house-lizard (also jyaiṣṭhī, [W.]), [Tithyād.]

nicira : ni-°cirá mfn. attentive, vigilant, [RV.]

bṛhat : bṛhát mf(atI/)n. (in later language usually written vṛhat) lofty, high, tall, great, large, wide, vast, abundant, compact, solid, massy, strong, mighty, [RV.] &c. &c.

bṛhat : full-grown, old, [RV.]

bṛhat : extended or bright (as a luminous body), [ib.]

bṛhat : clear, loud (said of sounds), [ib.]

bṛhat : bṛhát m. N. of a Marut, [Hariv.]

bṛhat : of a prince, [MBh.]

bṛhat : of a son of Su-hotra and father of Aja-mīḍha, [Hariv.]

bṛhat : bṛhát m. or n. (?) speech (°tām pati = bṛhaspati), [Śiś. ii, 26]

bṛhat : bṛhát n. height (also = heaven, sky), [RV.]

bṛhat : N. of various Sāmans composed in the metrical form Bṛhatī (also with āneyam, bharad-vājasya. bhāradvājam, vāmadevyam, sauram), [ĀrṣBr.]

bṛhat : N. of Brahman, [BhP.]

bṛhat : of the Veda, [ib.]

bṛhat : bṛhát ind. far and wide, on high, [RV.]

bṛhat : bṛhát n. firmly, compactly, [ib.]

bṛhat : brightly, [ib.]

bṛhat : greatly, much, [ib.]

bṛhat : aloud, [ib.] (also atā́, [AV.])

namas : námas n. bow, obeisance, reverential salutation, adoration (by gesture or word; often with dat., e.g. rāmāya namaḥ, salutation or glory to Rāma, often ind. [g. svar-ādi]; namas-√ kṛ, to utter a salutation, do homage; ind.p. °mas-kṛ́tya [[AV.]; [TS.] &c.] or °mas-kṛtvā [[MBh.]; [BhP.]]; námas-kṛta, worshipped, adored), [RV.] &c. &c.

namas : food, [Naigh. ii, 7]

namas : a thunderbolt, [ii, 20]

namas : gift, donation, [L.]

namas : námas m. (?) an inarticulate cry, [L.]

havya : havyá n. (for 2. See col. 2) anything to be offered as an oblation, sacrificial gift or food (in later language often opp., to kaivya, q.v.), [RV.]; &c.

havya : hávya (or havyá), mf(A)n. to be called or invoked, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]

havya : hávya m. N. of a son of Manu Svāyambhuva, [Hariv.]

havya : of a son of Atri, [VP.]

mati : &c. See p. 783, col. 2.

mati : matí f. (in [ŚBr.] also máti) devotion, prayer, worship, hymn, sacred utterance, [RV.]; [VS.]

mati : thought, design, intention, resolution, determination, inclination, wish, desire (with loc. dat. or inf.), [RV.] &c. &c. (matyā ind. wittingly, knowingly, purposely; matiṃ √ kṛ or dhā or dhṛ or ā-√ dhā or samā-√ dhā or ā-√ sthā or sam-ā-√ sthā, with loc. dat. acc. with prati, or artham ifc., to set the heart on, make up one's mind, resolve, determine; matim with Caus. of ni-√ vṛt and abl. of a verbal noun, to give up the idea of; āhita-mati ifc. = having resolved upon; vinivṛtta-mati with abl. = having desisted from)

mati : opinion, notion, idea, belief, conviction, view, creed, [ŚrS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (matyā ind. at will; ifc., ‘under the idea of’ e.g. vyāghra-m°, ‘under the idea of its being a tiger’)

mati : the mind, perception, understanding, intelligence, sense, judgement, [ŚBr.] &c. &c. (in [RV.] also ‘that which is sensible’, intelligent, mindful, applied to Aditi, Indra and Agni)

mati : esteem, respect, regard, [Kir.]

mati : memory, remembrance, [L.]

mati : Opinion personified (and identified with Subalātmajā as one of the mothers of the five sons of Pāṇḍu, or regarded as a daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Soma, or as the wife of Viveka), [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Prab.]

mati : a kind of vegetable or pot-herb, [L.]

mati : matí m. N. of a king, [Buddh.]

mati : [cf. Lat. mens; Angl.Sax. ge-mynd; Eng. mind.]

bharata : bharatá m. ‘to be or being maintained’, N. of Agni (kept alive by the care of men), [RV.]; [Br.]; [Kauś.]

bharata : of a partic. Agni (father of Bharata and Bharatī), [MBh.]

bharata : a priest (= ṛtvij), [Naigh. iii, 18]

bharata : an actor, dancer, tumbler, [Yājñ.]; [Mālatīm.]; [Prab.]

bharata : a weaver, [L.]

bharata : a hireling, mercenary, [L.]

bharata : a barbarian, mountaineer (= śabara), [L.]

bharata : the fire in which the rice for Brāhmans is boiled, [L.]

bharata : N. of Rudra (the Maruts are called his sons), [RV. ii, 36, 8]

bharata : of an Āditya, [Nir. viii, 13]

bharata : of a son of Agni Bharata, [MBh.]

bharata : of a celebrated hero and monarch of India (son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, the first of 12 Cakra-vartins or Sārvabhaumas i.e. universal emperors), [RV.]; [Br.]; [MBh.] &c.

bharata : of a son of Dhruvasaṃdhi and father of Asita, [R.]

bharata : of a son of Daśaratha and Kaikeyī (and younger brother of Rāma, to whom he was very much devoted), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.

bharata : of a son of Ṛṣabha, [Pur.]

bharata : of a son of Vītihotra, [VP.]

bharata : of a Manu (who gave the name to the country Bhārata), [ib.]

bharata : of a son of Manu Bhautya, [MārkP.]

bharata : of a king of Aśmaka, [Vās., Introd.]

bharata : of various teachers and authors (esp. of an ancient Muni supposed author of a manual of the dramatic art called Nāṭya-śāstra or Bharata-śāstra)

bharata : = Jaḍabharata (q.v.), [A.]

bharata : = Bharata-mallīka (below)

bharata : pl. ‘the descendants of Bharata’, N. of a tribe, [RV.] &c. &c.

bharata : bharatá n. pl. N. of a partic. Varṣa, [L.]

bhṛ : cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxii, 1]) bhárati, °te; cl. 3. P. Ā. ([xxv, 5]) bíbharti (bibhárti only, [RV. iv, 50, 7]), bibhṛte; cl. 2. P. bhárti, [RV. i, 173, 6.] (p. P. bíbhrat, q.v.; Ā. bibhrāṇa with act. meaning, [Ragh.], bibhramāṇa with pass. meaning, [RV.]; pf. jabhā́ra, jabhárat; jabhre, ajabhartana, [ib.]; babhāra, babhṛma, [Br.] &c.; p. babhrāṇá with pass. meaning, [RV.]; bibharāmbabhūva, [Ragh.], °rām-āsa, [Bhaṭṭ.]; aor. abhār, [RV.]; bhartám, bhṛtám, [Br.]; abhṛta Gr.; abhārṣam Subj. bharṣat, [RV.]; abhāriṣam, [AV.]; Prec. bhriyāsam, °yāt, [Br.]; fut. bhariṣyati cond. ábhariṣyat, [RV.]; bhartā́, [ŚBr.]; inf. bhártum, bhártave, bhártavaí, Ved.; bháradhyai, [RV.]; ind.p. -bhṛ́tya, [ib.] &c.), to bear, carry, convey, hold (‘on’ or ‘in’ loc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to wear i.e. let grow (hair, beard, nails), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to balance, hold in equipoise (as a pair of scales), [Viṣṇ.]; to bear i.e. contain, possess, have, keep (also ‘keep in mind’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to support, maintain, cherish, foster, [ib.]; to hire, pay, [MBh.]; to carry off or along (Ā. bharate, ‘for one's self’ i.e. gain, obtain, or = ferri ‘to be borne along’), [RV.]; [AV.]; to bring, offer, procure, grant, bestow, [RV.] &c. &c.; to endure, experience, suffer, undergo, [ib.]; to lift up, raise (the voice or a sound; Ā. bharate, also ‘to rise, be heard’), [RV.]; to fill (the stomach), [Pañcat.]; (with garbham) to conceive, become pregnant (cf. under √ dhṛ), [RV.]; (with kṣitim) to take care of, rule, govern, [Rājat.]; (with, ājñām) to submit to, obey, [ib.]; (with ūrjām) to exert, employ, [Bhaṭṭ.] : Pass. bhriyáte (ep. also °ti; aor. abhāri), to be borne &c., [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. bhārayati (aor. abībharat), to cause to bear &c.; to engage for hire, [MBh.] : Desid. búbhūrṣati ([ŚBr.]; [MārkP.]), bibhariṣati ([Pāṇ. viii, 2, 49]), to wish to bear or support or maintain: Intens. báribharti (3. pl. °bhrati, [RV.], where also 2. du. jarbhṛtáḥ), barībharti ([Kāv.]), to bear repeatedly or continually, carry hither and thither.

bhṛ : [cf. Zd. bar; Gk. ϕέρω; Lat. fero; Slav. brati; Goth. baíran; Germ. beran, ge-bären; Eng. bear.]

bhṛ : (1. See p. 764, col. 3), in comp. for bhrū.

mṛḍ : ([RV.] mṛḻ) cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 38]), mṛḍati (mṛḻati; once Ā. mṛḍase, [Kāṭh.]) cl. 9. P. mṛḍnāti ([xxxi, 44]), cl. 10., mṛḍayati (mṛḻáyati), °te; mṛṇḍayati (?), [xxxii, 117] (pf. mamarḍa Gr.; mamṛḍyuḥ, [RV.]; amarḍīt Gr.; fut. marḍitā, °ḍiṣyati, [ib.]; inf. marḍitum, [ib.]; ind.p. mṛḍitvā, [Pāṇ. i, 2, 7]), to be gracious or favourable, pardon, spare (with dat. of pers. and acc. of thing), [RV.] &c. &c.; to treat kindly, make happy, rejoice, delight (with acc.), [BhP.] : Caus. marḍayati (aor. amīmṛḍat, or amamarḍat) Gr.: Desid. mimarḍiṣati, [ib.] : Intens. marīmṛḍyate, marīmarṭṭi, [ib.]

svādiṣṭha : svā́diṣṭha mf(A)n. sweetest, very sweet or pleasant, [RV.] &c. &c.

svādiṣṭha : sweeter than (abl.), [Bhartṛ.]

mṛḍ : ([RV.] mṛḻ) cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 38]), mṛḍati (mṛḻati; once Ā. mṛḍase, [Kāṭh.]) cl. 9. P. mṛḍnāti ([xxxi, 44]), cl. 10., mṛḍayati (mṛḻáyati), °te; mṛṇḍayati (?), [xxxii, 117] (pf. mamarḍa Gr.; mamṛḍyuḥ, [RV.]; amarḍīt Gr.; fut. marḍitā, °ḍiṣyati, [ib.]; inf. marḍitum, [ib.]; ind.p. mṛḍitvā, [Pāṇ. i, 2, 7]), to be gracious or favourable, pardon, spare (with dat. of pers. and acc. of thing), [RV.] &c. &c.; to treat kindly, make happy, rejoice, delight (with acc.), [BhP.] : Caus. marḍayati (aor. amīmṛḍat, or amamarḍat) Gr.: Desid. mimarḍiṣati, [ib.] : Intens. marīmṛḍyate, marīmarṭṭi, [ib.]

tā : f. Lakṣmī, [L.]

sa : the last of the three sibilants (it belongs to the dental class and in sound corresponds to s in sin).

sa : (in prosody) an anapest (˘ ˘ ¯)

sa : (in music) an abbreviated term for ṣaḍ-ja (see p. 1109, col. 2).

sa : m. (only [L.]) a snake

sa : air, wind

sa : a bird

sa : N. of Viṣṇu or Śiva

sa : n. knowledge

sa : meditation

sa : a carriage road

sa : a fence.

sa : mfn. (fr. √ san) procuring, bestowing (only ifc.; cf. palu-ṣá and priya-sá).

sa : sá the actual base for the nom. case of the 3rd pers. pron. tád, q.v. (occurring only in the nom. sg. mf. [sá or sás, sā], and in the Ved. loc. [sásmin, [RV. i, 152, 6]; [i, 174, 4]; [x, 95, 11]]; the final s of the nom. m. is dropped before all consonants [except before p in [RV. v, 2, 4], and before t in [RV. viii, 33, 16]] and appears only at the end of a sentence in the form of Visarga; occasionally blends with another vowel [as in saīṣaḥ]; and it is often for emphasis connected with another pron. as with aham, tvam, eṣa, ayam &c. [e.g. so 'ham, sa tvam, ‘I (or thou) that very person’; cf. under tád, p. 434], the verb then following in the 1st and 2nd pers. even if aham or tvam be omitted [e.g. sa tvā pṛcchāmi ‘I that very person ask you’, [BṛĀrUp.]; sa vai no brūhi ‘do thou tell us’, [ŚBr.]]; similarly, to denote emphasis, with bhavān [e.g. sa bhavān vijayāya pratiṣṭhatām, ‘let your Highness set out for victory’, [Śak.]]; it sometimes [and frequently in the Brāhmaṇas] stands as the first word of a sentence preceding a rel. pronoun or adv. such as ya, yad, yadi, yathā, ced; in this position may be used pleonastically or as a kind of ind., even where another gender or number is required [e.g. sa yadi sthāvarā āpo bhananti, ‘if those waters are stagnant’, [ŚBr.]]; in the Sāṃkhya , like eṣa, ka, and ya, is used to denote Puruṣa, ‘the Universal Soul’), [RV.] &c. &c.

sa : [cf. Zd. hō, hā; Gk. ὁ, ἡ.]

sa : ind. (connected with saha, sam, sama, and occasionally in [BhP.] standing for saha with instr.) an inseparable prefix expressing ‘junction’, ‘conjunction’, ‘possession’ (as opp. to a priv.), ‘similarity’, ‘equality’

sa : (and when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by ‘with’, ‘together or along with’, ‘accompanied by’, ‘added to’, ‘having’, ‘possessing’, ‘containing’, ‘having the same’ [cf. sa-kopa, sāgni, sa-bhāya, sa-droṇa, sa-dharman, sa-varṇa]; or it may = ‘ly’, as in sa-kopam, ‘angrily’, sopadhi, ‘fraudulently’), [RV.]; &c.

sa : [cf. Gk. ἁ in ἁπλοῦς; Lat. sim in simplex; sem in semel, semper Eng. same.]

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : See 5. , p. 1111, col. 2.

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

sa : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

samrāj : sam-rā́j m. (fr. saṃ-√ rāj, [Pāṇ. viii, 3, 25]; nom. samrā́ṭ) a universal or supreme ruler (a N. of Varuṇa, the Ādityas, Indra, Manu &c.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]; [VP.]

samrāj : a sovereign lord, paramount sovereign (of men)

samrāj : one who rules over other princes and has performed the Rājasūya sacrifice, [RV.] &c. &c.

samrāj : N. of a son or grandson of Kāmyā, [Hariv.]

samrāj : of a son of Citra-ratha, [BhP.]

samrāj : of various authors, [Cat.]

samrāj : a kind of metre, [RPrāt.]

samrāj : a partic. Ekāha, [Vait.]

samrāj : sam-rāj (), f. N. of a daughter of Priya-vrata, [VP.]

ghṛtāsuti : ghṛtā́suti mfn. one to whom the ghee oblation belongs (Mitra and Varuṇa, Viṣṇu, Indra and Viṣṇu), [i, 136, 1] and [156, 1]; [ii, 41, 6]; [vi, 69, 6].

yajña : yajñá m. worship, devotion, prayer, praise

yajña : act of worship or devotion, offering, oblation, sacrifice (the former meanings prevailing in Veda, the latter in post-Vedic literature; cf. mahā-y°), [RV.] &c. &c.

yajña : a worshipper, sacrificer, [RV. iii, 30, 15]; [32, 12]

yajña : fire, [L.]

yajña : = ātman, [L.]

yajña : Sacrifice personified, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]

yajña : (with prājāpatya) N. of the reputed author of [RV. x, 130], [Anukr.]

yajña : N. of a form of Viṣṇu, [Pur.]

yajña : of Indra under Manu Svāyambhuva, [ib.]

yajña : of a son of Ruci and Ākūti, [ib.]

stu : cl. 2. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 34]; cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 3, 95]) staúti or stavīti, stute or stuvīte (in [RV.] also stávate, 3. sg. stave [with pass. sense], 1. 3. sg. stuṣé Impv. stoṣi, p. [mostly with pass. sense] stuvāná, stávāna or stavāná, stávamāna; in [BhP.] stunvanti, in [Up.] p. stunvāna; pf. tuṣṭāva, tuṣṭuvús, tuṣṭuvé, [RV.] &c. &c.; aor. astāvīt or astauṣīt, [Br.] &c.; stoṣat, stoṣāṇi, [RV.]; ástoṣṭa, [ib.] &c.; Prec. stūyāt Gr.; fut. stavitā or stotā, [Vop.]; fut. staviṣyáti, °te, [RV.]; stoṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; Cond. astoṣyat, [Bhaṭṭ.]; inf. stotum, [ib.] &c.; stavitum, [Vop.]; stótave, stavádhyai, [RV.]; ind.p. stutvā́, [AV.] &c.; -stútya, [Br.] &c.; -stūya, [MBh.] &c.), to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns (in ritual, ‘to chant’, with loc. of the text from which the Sāman comes), [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. stūyáte (aor. astāvi), to be praised or celebrated; stūyamāna, mfn. being praised, [ib.] : Caus. stāvayati or stavayati (aor. atuṣṭavat, [RV.]; °ṭuvat, [JaimBr.]), to praise, celebrate; (stāvayate), to cause to praise or celebrate, [BhP.] : Desid. tuṣṭūṣati, °te (p.p. tuṣṭūṣita), to wish to celebrate, [Śaṃk.] : Intens. toṣṭūyate, toṣṭoti Gr.

stu : . See su-ṣṭú p. 1238, col. 1.

stu : (prob. invented to serve as a root for the words below), to be clotted or conglomerated; to trickle.

stu : (= stúkā) in pṛthu-ṣṭu, q.v.

atha : átha or áthā (or Ved. áthā), ind. (probably fr. pronom. base a) an auspicious and inceptive particle (not easily expressed in English), now; then; moreover; rather; certainly; but; else; what? how else? &c.

ena : a pronom. base (used for certain cases of the 3rd personal pronoun, thus in the acc. sing. du. pl. [enam, enām, enad, &c.], inst. sing. [enena, enayā] gen. loc. du. [enayos, Ved. enos]; the other cases are formed fr. the pronom. base a See under idam), he, she, it

ena : this, that, (this pronoun is enclitic and cannot begin a sentence; it is generally used alone, so that enam puruṣam, ‘that man’, would be very unusual if not incorrect. Grammarians assert that the substitution of enam &c. for imam or etam &c. takes place when something is referred to which has already been mentioned in a previous part of the sentence; see [Gr. 223] and [836])

ena : [cf. Gk. ἕν, οἷος; Goth. ains; Old Pruss. ains; Lat. oinos, unus.]

ena : and enā, Ved. instr. of idam, q.v.

ena : (cf. eṇa), a stag. See an-ena.

kṣatra : kṣatrá am, n. (√ 1. kṣi?; g. ardharcādi) sg. and pl. dominion, supremacy, power, might (whether human or supernatural, especially applied to the power of Varuṇa-Mitra and Indra), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr. ii]; [xi]

kṣatra : sg. and pl. government, governing body, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS. x, 17]; [TBr. ii]

kṣatra : the military or reigning order (the members of which in the earliest times, as represented by the Vedic hymns, were generally called Rājanya, not Kṣatriya; afterwards, when the difference between Brahman and Kṣatra or the priestly and civil authorities became more distinct, applied to the second or reigning or military caste), [VS.]; [AV.]; [TS.] &c.

kṣatra : a member of the military or second order or caste, warrior, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c. (fancifully derived fr. kṣatāt tra fr. √ trai i.e. ‘a preserver from injury’, [Ragh. ii, 53])

kṣatra : the rank of a member of the reigning or military order, authority of the second caste, [AitBr. viii, 5]; [ŚBr. xiii, 1, 5, 2]; [BhP. iii], [ix]

kṣatra : wealth, [Naigh. ii, 10]

kṣatra : water, [i, 12]

kṣatra : the body, [L.]

kṣatra : Tabernaemontana coronaria (v.l. chattra), [L.]

na : the dental nasal (found at the beginning of words and before or after dental consonants as well as between vowels; subject to conversion into ṇa, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 1]-[39]).

na : ná ind. not, no, nor, neither, [RV.] (nā, [x, 34, 8]) &c. &c. (as well in simple negation as in wishing, requesting and commanding, except in prohibition before an Impv. or an augmentless aor. [cf. 1. mā]; in successive sentences or clauses either simply repeated, e.g. [Mn. iv, 34]; or strengthened by another particle, esp. at the second place or further on in the sentence, e.g. by u [cf. no], utá, api, cāpi, vā, vāpi or atha vā, [RV. i, 170, 1]; [151, 9]; [Nal. iii, 24], &c.; it may even be replaced by ca, vā, api ca, api vā, &c. alone, as, [Mn. ii, 98]; [Nal. i, 14], &c.; often joined with other particles, beside those mentioned above esp. with a following tu, tv eva, tv eva tu, ced, q.v., khalu, q.v., ha [cf. g. cādi and [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 31]] &c.; before round or collective numbers and after any numeral in the instr. or abl. it expresses deficiency, e.g. ekayā na viṃśati, not 20 by 1 i.e. 19 [ŚBr.]; pañcabhir na catvāri śatāni, 395 [ib.]; with another or an a priv. it generally forms a strong affirmation [cf. [Vām. v, 1, 9]] e.g. neyaṃ na vakṣyati, she will most certainly declare, [Śak. iii, 9]; nādaṇḍyo 'sti, he must certainly be punished, [Mn. viii, 335]; it may also, like a, form compounds, [Vām. v, 2, 13] [cf. below])

na : that not, lest, for fear lest (with Pot.), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Daś.] &c.

na : like, as, as it were (only in Veda and later artificial language, e.g. gauro na tṛṣitaḥ piba, drink like [lit. ‘not’ i.e. ‘although not being’] a thirsty deer; in this sense it does not coalesce metrically with a following vowel).

na : [cf. Gk. νη-; Lat. ně-; Angl.Sax. ne, ‘not’; Engl. no, &c.]

na : mfn. ([L.]) thin, spare

na : vacant, empty

na : identical

na : unvexed, unbroken

na : m. band, fetter

na : jewel, pearl

na : war

na : gift

na : welfare

na : N. of Buddha

na : N. of Gaṇeśa

na : = prastuta

na : = dviraṇḍa (?)

kutas : kútas ind. (fr. 1. ku), from whom? (for the abl. case of 2. ká), [RV. i, 164, 18]; [AV. viii, 9, 4]

kutas : (kutaḥ kālāt, since what time? [VP.])

kutas : from where? whence? [RV.] &c.

kutas : whereto? in which direction? [BhP. viii, 19, 34]

kutas : (ā kutas, up to where? [Pat.])

kutas : where? [R. vii, 23, 3]

kutas : wherefore? why? from what cause or motive? because, [Lāṭy.] &c. (often in dramas before verses giving the reason of what precedes)

kutas : how? in what manner? [ChUp.] &c.

kutas : how much less? much less, [ChUp.]; [MuṇḍUp.]; [MBh.] &c. In a-kutas, which occurs in comp., has an indefinite sense (e.g. a-kuto-mṛtyu, not fearing death from any quarter, [BhP. iii, 17, 19]; cf. a-kutobhaya)

kutas : is also indefinite when connected with the particles api, cid, cana (e.g. kuto 'pi, from any quarter, from any cause, [Pañcat.]; kuto 'pi kāraṇāt, from any cause, [Prab.]; kutaś-cid, from any one, from anywhere, [RV.]; [KaṭhUp.] &c. (cf. akutaścid-bhaya); kutaś cana, (with a negation preceding) from no side, [RV.]; [TUp.] &c.; to no side, [R. v, 74, 21]; yataḥ kutaś-cid from any person soever Comm. on [KātyŚr.])

cana : caná ind. (ca ná, [SV.]) and not, also not, even not, not even (this particle is placed after the word to which it gives force; a preceding verb is accentuated [[Pāṇ. viii, 1, 57]]; in Vedic language it is generally, but not always, found without any other neg. particle, whereas in the later language another neg. is usually added, e.g. ā́paś canáprá minanti vratáṃ vāṃ, ‘not even the waters violate your ordinance’, [RV. ii, 24, 12]; nā́ha vivyāca pṛthivī́ canaínaṃ, ‘the earth even does not contain him’, [iii, 36, 4]; in class. Sanskṛt it is only used after the interrogatives ká, katará, katamá, katham, kád, kadā́, kim, kútas, kva, making them indefinite), [RV.]; [AV.] &c. also, [RV. i, 139, 2]; [vi, 26, 7]; [viii, 78, 10.]

dhṛṣ : cl. 5. P. dhṛṣṇóti, [RV.] &c. &c.; cl. 1. P. dhárṣati, [VS.]; [R.] (p. dhṛṣát, °ṣámāṇa, [RV.]; °ṣāṇá, [AV.]; perf. dadhárṣa, [RV.] &c. &c.; 3. pl. dādhṛṣur, [AV.]; Subj. dadharṣat, °ṣati, °ṣīt, [RV.]; dadhṛṣate, °ṣanta, [AV.]; p. dadhṛṣvás, [RV.]; aor. adhṛṣas, [ŚBr.], adhaṣiṣur, [TĀr.]; fut. dharṣiṣyati, °ṣitā Gr.; ind.p. -dhṛṣya, [Br.]; inf. -dhṛ́ṣas, °ṣi, [RV.]), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to dare or venture (inf. in tum, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 65]); to dare to attack, treat with indignity (acc.), [Br.]; [MBh.]; to surpass (?), [AV. iii, 3, 2] : Caus. dharṣayati ([Dhātup. xxxiv, 43]; aor. adīdhṛṣat, or adadharṣat Gr.) to venture on attacking; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome, [Br.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. : Desid. didharṣiṣati: Intens. darīdhṛṣyate or darīdharṣṭi Gr.

dhṛṣ : [cf. Zd. daresh; Gk. θάρσος, θαρσέω; Lit. dristu; Goth. ga-dars, Angl.Sax. dors-te, Engl. durs-t.]

devatva : deva—tvá n. godhead, divinity (cf. -tā), [RV.]; [TBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

nu : nú ind. (in [RV.] also nū́; esp. at the beginning of a verse, where often = nú + u), now, still, just, at once

nu : so now, now then, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [Up.]

nu : indeed, certainly, surely, [RV.] &c. &c.

nu : cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 121], Sch. (often connected with other particles, esp. with negatives, e.g. nahí nú, ‘by no means’, nákir nú, ‘no one or nothing at all’, mā́ nú, ‘in order that surely not’; often also gha nu, ha nu, in nu, nu kam &c. [nū́ cit, either ‘for ever, evermore; at once, forthwith’ or ‘never, never more’; so also nū alone, [RV. vii, 100, 1]]; with relat. = -cunque or -soever; sometimes it lays stress upon a preceding word, esp. an interr. pronoun or particle, and is then often connected with khalu, [RV.] &c. &c.; it is also employed in questions, esp. in sentences of two or more clauses [cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 98], [Kāś.]] where is either always repeated [[Śak. vi, 9]] or omitted in the first place [[ib.] [i, 8]] or in the second place and further replaced by svid, yadi vā &c., and strengthened by vā, atha vā &c.)

nu : [cf. 1. náva, nū́tana, nūnám; Zd. nū; Gk. νύ, νῦν; Lat. nun-c; Germ. nu, nun; Angl.Sax. nu, nū; Eng. now.]

nu : m. a weapon, [L.]

nu : time, [L.]

nu : cl. 1. Ā. navate (nauti with apa), to go, [Naigh. ii, 14] : Caus. nāvayati, to move from the place, remove, [ṢaḍvBr.]

nu : or nū cl. 2. 6. P. ([Dhāt. xxiv, 26]; [xxviii, 104]) nauti, nuvati, (pres. also návate, °ti, [RV.] &c.; p. P. nuvát, návat, Ā. návamāna, [RV.]; pf. nunāva, [Kāv.]; aor. ánūnot, ánūṣi, °ṣata, anaviṣṭa, [RV.]; anauṣit, anāvit, anuvīt Gr.; fut. naviṣyati, nuv°; navitā, nuv°, [ib.]; ind.p. -nutya, -nāvam, [Br.]; inf. navitum v.l. nuv°, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to sound, shout, exult; praise, commend, [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. nūyate, [MBh.] &c.: Caus. nāvayati aor. anūnavat Gr.: Desid. nunūṣati, [ib.]; Desid. of Caus. nunāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Intens. nónavīti, nonumas (impf. anonavur, Subj. návīnot; pf. nónāva, nonuvur, [RV.]; nonūyate, nonoti Gr.), to sound loudly, roar, thunder, [RV.]

nu : m. praise, eulogium, [L.]

nu : Caus. nāvayati, to cause to be drawn into the nose, [Car.] (cf. 3. nava).

nu : (ifc.) = nau, a ship, [BhP.]

cit : cít mfn. ifc. ‘piling up’, see agni-, ūrdhva-, and pūrva-cít

cit : ([Pāṇ. iii, 2, 92]) forming a layer or stratum, piled up, [VS. i], [xii]; [TS. i] (cf. kaṅka-, karma-, cakṣuś-, droṇa-, prāṇa-, manaś-, rathacakra-, vāk-, śyena-, and śrotra-cít.)

cit : mfn. ifc. ‘knowing’, see ṛta-cít

cit : ‘giving heed to’ or ‘revenging [guilt, ṛṇa-]’, see ṛṇa-.

cit : mfn. ifc. ‘id.’, see 2. .

cit : 2. 3. . See √ 2. 3. ci.

cit : cl. 1. cétati (impf. acetat, [RV. vii, 95, 2]; p. cétat, [RV.]) cl. 2. (Ā. Pass. 3. sg. cité, [x, 143, 4]; p. f. instr. citantyā, [i, 129, 7]; Ā. citāna, [ix, 101, 11]; [VS. x, 1]) cl. 3. irreg. ciketati ([RV.]; Subj. ciketat, [RV.]; Impv. 2. sg. cikiddhi, [RV.]; p. cikitāná, [RV.]; perf. cikéta, [RV.] &c.; ciceta, [Vop. viii, 37]; 3. du. cetatur, [AV. iii, 22, 2]; Ā. and Pass. cikité, [RV.] &c.; 3. pl. °tre, [RV.]; for p. cikitvás See s.v.; Ā. Pass. cicite, [Bhaṭṭ. ii, 29]; aor. acetīt, [Vop. viii, 35]; Ā. Pass. áceti and céti, [RV.]; for acait See √ 2. ci; fut. 1st céttā, [i, 22, 5]) to perceive, fix the mind upon, attend to, be attentive, observe, take notice of (acc. or gen.), [RV.]; [SV.]; [AV.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to aim at, intend, design (with dat.), [RV. i, 131, 6]; [x, 38, 3]; to be anxious about, care for (acc. or gen.), [i], [ix f.]; to resolve, [iii, 53, 24]; [x, 55, 6]; to understand, comprehend, know (perf. often in the sense of pr.), [RV.]; [AV. vii, 2, 1] and [5, 5]; P. Ā. to become perceptible, appear, be regarded as, be known, [RV.]; [VS. x], [xv] : Caus. cetáyati, °te (2. pl. cetáyadhvam Subj. cetayat Impv. 2. du. cetayethām impf. ácetayat, [RV.]; 3. pl. citáyante, [RV.]; p. citáyat, [RV.] (eleven times); cetáyat, [x, 110, 8], &c.; Ā. cetayāna See s.v.) to cause to attend, make attentive, remind of [i, 131, 2] and [iv, 51, 3]; to cause to comprehend, instruct, teach, [RV.]; to observe, perceive, be intent upon, [RV.]; [MBh. xii, 9890]; [Kathās. xiii, 10]; Ā. (once P. [MBh. xviii, 74]) to form an idea in the mind, be conscious of, understand, comprehend, think, reflect upon, [TS. vi]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp. vii, 5, 1]; [MBh.]; [BhP. viii, 1, 9]; [Prab.]; P. to have a right notion of, know, [MBh. iii, 14877]; P. ‘to recover consciousness’, awake, [Bhaṭṭ. viii, 123]; Ā. to remember, have consciousness of (acc.), [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 112], [Kāś.]; [Bādar. ii, 3, 18], Sch.; to appear, be conspicuous, shine, [RV.]; [TS. iii] : Desid. cíkitsati (fr. √ kit, [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 5]; [Dhātup. xxiii, 24]; exceptionally Ā. [MBh. xii, 12544]; Impv. °tsatu Subj. °tsāt aor. 2. sg. ácikitsīs, [AV.]; Pass. p. cikitsyamāna, [Suśr.]; [Pañcat.]) to have in view, aim at, be desirous, [AV. v, 11, 1]; [ix, 2, 3]; to care for, be anxious about, [vi], [x]; ([Pāṇ. iii, 1, 5]; [Siddh.]) to treat medically, cure, [KātyŚr. xxv]; [MBh. i], [xii]; [Suśr.]; [Pañcat.]; [Bhartṛ.]; to wish to appear, [RV. i, 123, 1]: Caus. of Desid. (fut. cikitsayiṣyati) to cure, [Mālav. iv, 4/5, 6 f.] : Intens. cekite (fr. √ 2. ci?, or for °tte, [RV. i, 53, 3] and [119, 3]; [ii, 34, 10]; p. cékitat, [ix, 111, 3]; Ā. cékitāna, [RV.] eight times) to appear, be conspicuous, shine, [RV.]

cit : cít mfn. ifc. ‘thinking’, see a-, duś-, manaś-, vipaś-, and huraś-cít

cit : cf. also apa-cit

cit : cít f. thought, intellect, spirit, soul, [VS. iv, 19]; [KapS.]; [Bhartṛ.]; [BhP.]

cit : cf. sa- and ā cít

cit : pure Thought (Brahma cf. [RTL. p. 34]), [Vedāntas.]; [Prab.]

cit : ind. only in comp.

cid : in comp. for cit.

cid : ind. even, indeed, also (often merely laying stress on a preceding word; requiring a preceding simple verb to be accentuated [[Pāṇ. viii, 1, 57]] as well as a verb following, if is preceded by an interrogative pron. [48]; in Class. only used after interrogative pronouns and adverbs to render them indefinite, and after jātu, q.v.), [RV.]; [VS.]; [AV.]

cid : like (added to the stem of a subst., e.g. agni-, rāja-), [Nir. i, 4]; [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 101]

cid : cid-cid or cid-ca or cid-u, as well as, both-and, [RV.]

dhṛṣ : cl. 5. P. dhṛṣṇóti, [RV.] &c. &c.; cl. 1. P. dhárṣati, [VS.]; [R.] (p. dhṛṣát, °ṣámāṇa, [RV.]; °ṣāṇá, [AV.]; perf. dadhárṣa, [RV.] &c. &c.; 3. pl. dādhṛṣur, [AV.]; Subj. dadharṣat, °ṣati, °ṣīt, [RV.]; dadhṛṣate, °ṣanta, [AV.]; p. dadhṛṣvás, [RV.]; aor. adhṛṣas, [ŚBr.], adhaṣiṣur, [TĀr.]; fut. dharṣiṣyati, °ṣitā Gr.; ind.p. -dhṛṣya, [Br.]; inf. -dhṛ́ṣas, °ṣi, [RV.]), to be bold or courageous or confident or proud, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to dare or venture (inf. in tum, [Pāṇ. iii, 4, 65]); to dare to attack, treat with indignity (acc.), [Br.]; [MBh.]; to surpass (?), [AV. iii, 3, 2] : Caus. dharṣayati ([Dhātup. xxxiv, 43]; aor. adīdhṛṣat, or adadharṣat Gr.) to venture on attacking; to offend, violate (a woman), overpower, overcome, [Br.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. : Desid. didharṣiṣati: Intens. darīdhṛṣyate or darīdharṣṭi Gr.

dhṛṣ : [cf. Zd. daresh; Gk. θάρσος, θαρσέω; Lit. dristu; Goth. ga-dars, Angl.Sax. dors-te, Engl. durs-t.]