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Word (IAST)Word (Devanagari)Overview
praप्रprá ind. before
forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])
as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna
as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta
in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra
(according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.
[cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]
mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling
(n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)
like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).
prachप्रछ्cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 120]), pṛcchati (Ved. and ep. also Ā. pṛcchate; pf. papraccha, [Br.] &c., papṛkṣé [?] [RV. iv, 43, 7]; aor. áprākṣīt, [AV.] &c., áprāṭ, [RV.], apraṣṭa, [Kāv.]; fut. prakṣyati, [Br.] &c., praṣṭā Gr.; ind.p. pṛṣṭvā, -pṛcchya, [MBh.]; inf. práṣṭum, [AV.] &c., -pṛ́ccham, °cche, [RV.]), to ask, question, interrogate (acc.); to ask after inquire about (acc.); to ask or interrogate any one (acc.) about anything (acc. dat. loc., prati, or adhikṛtya with acc.; arthe or hetoḥ ifc.), [RV.] (pr.p. Ā. pṛcchamāna, ‘asking one's self’ [x, 34, 6]) &c. &c.; (in astrol.) to consult the future, [Var.]; (with nāmato mātaram) to inquire about one's (gen.) mother's name, [Śak.]; (with na) not to trouble one's self with, [ĀśvŚr.]; to seek, wish, long for; to ask, demand, beg, entreat (acc.), [RV.] : Pass. pṛcchyáte, to be asked or questioned about (act. dat. &c., as above), [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. pracchayati (aor. apapracchat) Gr.: Desid. pipṛcchiṣati, [Pāṇ. i, 2, 8] : Intens. parīpṛcchyate, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 90]; [Pat.]
[Orig. pṛk; cf. Lat. preces, procus; poscere for porscere; Slav. prositi; Lith. praszýti; Germ. frâhên, fragen; forskôn, forschen.]
prathप्रथ्cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xix, 3]) práthate (rarely P. °ti, e.g. impf. 2. du. áprathatam, [RV.]; Impv. prathantu, [VS.]; pf. paprathatuḥ, [BhP.]; mostly Ā. pf. paprathé, p. paprathāná, [RV.]; aor. prathiṣṭa, p. prathāná, [ib.]; fut. prathiṣyate, prathitā Gr.), to spread, extend (intrans.; P. trans. and intrans.), become larger or wider, increase, [RV.] &c. &c.; to spread abroad (as a name, rumour &c.), become known or celebrated, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to come to light, appear, arise, [Kir.]; [Rājat.]; to occur (to the mind), [Rājat.] : Caus. pratháyati (rarely °te; aor. apaprathat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 95]; Subj. papráthat, [RV.]; paprathanta, [ib.]; práthayi, [TS.]), to spread, extend, increase, [RV.] &c. &c. (prathayati-tarām, [Ratnāv. iv, 3]; Ā. intr. [RV.]; [AV.]); to spread abroad, proclaim, celebrate, [R.]; [Hariv.]; [BhP.]; to unfold, disclose, reveal, show, [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; to extend over i.e. shine upon, give light to (acc.), [RV. iii, 14, 4.]
or pṛth, cl. 10. P. prāthayati or parthayati, to throw, cast; to extend, [Dhātup. xxxii, 19.]
pramप्रम्ind. (√ 1. prā). See goṣpadapram.
prasप्रस्cl. 1. Ā. prasate, to extend, spread, diffuse, [Dhātup. xix, 4]; to bring forth young, [Vop.]
prabhāप्रभाpra-√ 1. bhā P. -bhāti, to shine forth, begin to become light, shine, gleam, [RV.] &c. &c.; to appear, seem, look like (nom. with or without iva), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to illuminate, enlighten, [TUp.]
prabhā́ f. light, splendour, radiance, beautiful appearance (ifc. often mfn. with f(A). ), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
the shadow of the gnomon on a sun-dial, [Sūryas.]
light variously personified (as wife of the sun, or as wife of Kalpa and mother of Prātar, Madhyaṃ-dina and Sāya i.e. morning, midday and evening, or as a form of Durgā in the disc of the sun), [Hariv.]; [Pur.]
N. of a Śakti, [Hcat.]
of an Apsaras, [MBh.]
of a daughter of Svar-bhānu and mother of Nahuṣa, [Hariv.]
of the city of Kubera, [L.]
of a kind of metre, [Col.]
N. of sev. works.
prabhīप्रभीpra-√ bhī (only pf. -bibhayāṃ-cakāra), to be terrified at (abl.), [Bhaṭṭ.]
prabhūप्रभूpra-√ bhū P. -bhavati (rarely Ā. °te; Ved. inf. -bhūṣáṇi), to come forth, spring up, arise or originate from (abl.), appear, become visible, happen, occur, [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to be before, surpass (with pṛṣṭham, ‘to be greater or more than the back can carry’, applied to wealth, [RV. ii, 13, 4]) to become or be numerous, increase, prevail, be powerful, [RV.] &c. &c. (3. sg. prabhavati-tarām, ‘has more power’, [Vikr. v, 18]); to rule, control, have power over, be master of (gen. loc. or dat.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be equal to or capable of (dat. or loc.), [ib.]; to be a match for (dat.), [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 16], Vārtt. 2 [Pat.]; to be able to (inf.), [Kālid.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to profit, avail, be of use to (dat.), [RV.]; [Br.]; to implore, beseech (?), [Hariv.] : Caus. -bhāvayati, to increase, spread out, extend, augment, multiply (esp. the Soma by placing it in a greater number of vessels), [Br.]; to provide more amply, endow more richly, cause to thrive or prosper, cherish, nurture, [ib.]; [MBh.] &c.; (as Nom. fr. -bhāva below) to gain or possess power or strength, rule over (acc.), [MBh.]; [R.]; to recognise, [R.] : Desid. of Caus. -bibhāvayiṣati, to wish to increase or extend, [AitBr.]
pra-°bhū = °bhu (cf. above)
prabhṛप्रभृpra-√ bhṛ P. Ā. -bharati, °te, to bring forward, place before, offer, present, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.] ; to stretch forth, extend, [RV.]; to hurl, cast, [ib.]; (Ā.) to quiver, [ib.]; to be borne along, rush on [ib.]; to praise, [ib.]
prabhuप्रभुpra-bhu See under pra-√ bhū below.
pra-bhú mfn. (Ved. also ū́ f(vI). ) excelling, mighty, powerful, rich, abundant, [RV.] &c. &c.
more powerful than (abl.), [MBh.]
having power over (gen.), [VP.]
able, capable, having power to (loc. inf. or comp.), [Kāv.]
a match for (dat.), [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 16], Vārtt. 2, [Pat.]
constant, eternal, [L.]
pra-bhú m. a master, lord, king (also applied to gods, e.g. to Sūrya and Agni, [RV.]; to Prajā-pati, [Mn.]; to Brahmā, [ChUp.]; to Indra, [R.]; to Śiva, [MBh.]; to Viṣṇu, [L.])
the chief or leader of a sect, [RTL. 142]
a sound, word, [L.]
quicksilver, [L.]
N. of a deity under the 8th Manu, [MārkP.]
of a son of Kardama, [Hariv.]
of a son of Śuka and Pīvarī, [ib.]
of a son of Bhaga and Siddhi, [BhP.]
of a poet, [Cat.]
of sev. other men, [HPariś.]
pra-bhú m. (°bhvī f. N. of a Śakti, [Pañcar.])
pradhāप्रधाpra-√ 1. dhā Ā. -dhatte, to place or set before, offer, [RV.]; to send out (spies), [ib.] [vii, 61, 3]; to give up, deliver, [TS.]; [Kāṭh.]; to devote one's self to (acc.), [Lalit.]
pra-dhā f., [ib.] [vi, 4, 64], Sch.
N. of a daughter of Dakṣa, [MBh.]; [MārkP.] (prob. w.r. for prādhā).
pra-√ 2. dhā See pra-√ dhe, col. 2
pradhīप्रधीpra-√ dhī (or -dīdhī, only p. pr. -dīdhyat and -dī́dhyāna), to long for, strive after, [RV. i, 113, 10]; to look out, be on the watch, [AV. x, 4, 11.]
pra-dhī f. great intelligence, [Vop.]
pra-dhī mfn. of superior intelligence, pre-eminently intelligent, [ib.]
pradhūप्रधूpra-√ dhū P. Ā. -dhūnoti or -dhunoti, °nute, to move forward, [PañcavBr.]; to blow away, [ChUp.]; [MBh.] : to blow or shake out (the beard after drinking), [RV.] : Intens. -dodhuvat, -dūdhot, to blow (the beard, acc.); to blow into (loc.), [RV.]
pradhaप्रधpra-dha m., [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 139], Sch.
pradheप्रधेpra-√ dhe Caus. -dhāpayati, to cause to suck, [MānGṛ.]
pradhṛप्रधृpra-√ dhṛ (only pf. Ā. -dadhre, with manas), to set the mind upon anything (dat.), resolve, determine, [MBh.] : Caus. P. -dhārayati, to chastise, inflict a punishment on any one (loc.; cf. daṇḍaṃ-√ dhṛ), [MBh.]; to keep in remembrance, [ib.]; to reflect, consider, [ib.]; [Pat.]; (pradhārayantu w.r. for pra dhārā yantu, [ĀśvGṛ. iii, 12, 14]).
pradhiप्रधिpra-dhí m. the felly of a wheel (also pl.), [RV.] &c. &c.
orb, disc (of the moon), [RV. x, 138, 6]
a segment, [Śulbas.]
pra-dhi See above.
praghṛप्रघृpra-√ ghṛ P. -gharati, to ooze out, [Divyāv.]
praṇīप्रणीpra-ṇī (√ nī) P. Ā. -ṇayati, °te to lead forwards, conduct, advance, promote, further, [RV.] &c. &c.; to bring or lead to, convey (esp. the sacrificial fire or water or Soma to its place at the altar), [ib.]; to offer, present, [Bhaṭṭ.]; to produce, perform, execute, finish, [Up.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to do away with, remove, dispel, [MBh.]; to manifest affection, love, desire, [MBh.]; to show, represent (a drama), [Bālar.]; [Prasannar.]; to inflict (as punishment), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to apply (as a clyster), [Car.]; to establish, fix, institute, promulgate, teach, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to write, compose, [Sarvad.]; (Ā.) to draw in (the breath), [ŚBr.] : Desid. -ninīṣati (!), to wish to lead or conduct, [RV.]
pra-ṇī́ m. a leader or guide, [TBr.]
pra-ṇī́ f. guidance, furtherance, devotion (?), [RV. iii, 38, 2.]
praṇaप्रणmfn. (fr. 1. pra) ancient, old, [Pāṇ. v, 4, 30], Vārtt. 7, [Pat.]
praṇiप्रणिpra-ṇi for pra-ni, according to [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 17] before a number of roots, viz. gad (see below), ci, 1. dā, dih, de, do, drā, dhā (see below), dhe, nad (see below), pat (see below), pad, psāmā, me, yam, yā, vap, vah, vā, śam, so, han (see below)
according to [Vop. xii, 1] also before 1. mi.
praṇuप्रणुpra-ṇu (√ nu) P. Ā. -navati, °te, to roar, bellow, sound, reverberate, [RV.]; [AV.]; P. -ṇauti, to make a humming or droning sound; (esp.) to utter the syllable om, [Br.]; [ChUp.]; [ŚrS.]
praśṝप्रशॄpra-√ śṝ P. -śṛṇāti, to break in pieces, break off, crush, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]
praśīप्रशीpra-√ śī Ā. -śete, to lie down upon (acc.), [RV.]
prathāप्रथाf. spreading out, extending, flattening, scattering, [Nyāyam.]; [KātyŚr.], Sch.
fame, celebrity, [Śiś.]; [Kathās.]; [Rājat.] (°thāṃ-√ gam or gā, to become famous or celebrated, [Rājat.]; °thāpaha mfn. destroying fame, [ib.])
growing, becoming (in anyathā-pr°, ‘the becoming different’), [Vedāntas.]
prathaप्रथm. N. of a Vāsiṣṭha (supposed author of [RV. x, 181, 1]), [Anukr.]
prathuप्रथुmfn. (= pṛthu) wide, reaching farther than (abl.), [Rājat.]
m. N. of Viṣṇu, [MBh.]
pracaप्रचSee acyuta-pr° and nakha-pr°.
praciप्रचिpra-√ 1. ci P. Ā. -cinoti, -cinute, to collect, gather, pluck, [Gobh.]; [MBh.] &c.; to mow or cut down (enemies), [MBh.]; to increase, augment, enhance, [Var.] : Pass. -cīyate, to be gathered or collected, to grow, thrive, multiply, [MBh.]; [Kāv.]
pradāप्रदाpra-√ 1. dā P. -dadāti, rarely Ā. -datte, (Ved. inf. prá-dātos, [TS.]; irreg. Pot. P. -dadet, [Hcat.]), to give away, give, offer, present, grant, bestow, [RV.] &c. &c. (with or scil. bhāryām, to give in marriage; with prativacas, to grant an answer; with pravṛttim, to information about an event; with yuddham, to grant battle; with dvaṃdva-yuddham, to engage in single combat; with vidyām, to communicate or impart knowledge; with hutāśanam, to set fire to); to give up, abolish, [TS.]; to sell (with instr. of price), [Pañcat.]; to restore (anything lost &c.), [Mn.]; to pay, discharge (a debt), [Yājñ.]; to put or place in (loc.), [ib.]; [MBh.] : Pass. -dīyate, to be given away, be given, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. -dāpayati, to cause to give, [TS.] &c. &c.; to compel to give back or to repay, [Yājñ.]; [Kull.] ; to cause to put in or to, [MBh.]; [Bhpr.]; to put or place in (loc.), [Car.]; (with vastim), to apply a clyster, [ib.] : Desid. -ditsate, to wish to give in marriage, [Daś.]
pra-dā f. a gift, [L.]
pradṝप्रदॄpra-√ dṝ (of P. only Ved. Impv. -dárṣi), to break or tear to pieces, [RV. vi, 26, 5] : Pass. -dīryate, to cleave asunder, split open (intr.), [AitBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to be dispersed or scattered (as an army), [MBh.] : Caus. -dārayati, to split, cleave, tear asunder, [ib.]
pradīप्रदीpra-√ 2. dī (only pr. Subj. -dī́dayat and pf. -dīdiyuḥ), to shine forth, [RV.]
pradaप्रदpra-da mf(A)n. giving, yielding, offering, granting, bestowing, causing, effecting, uttering, speaking (cf. anna-, jaya-, bahu-, sukha-, -śāpa &c.)
pradiप्रदिpra-°di m. a gift, present, [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 92], Sch.
praduप्रदुpra-√ 2. du Ā. -dūyate, to be consumed by fire, [ChUp.]; P. -dunoti, to distress, pain, press hard, [Suśr.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]
pragāप्रगाpra-√ gā P. -jigāti, to go forwards proceed, advance, move, go, [RV.]; [MBh.]
pragaiप्रगैpra-√ gai P. -gāyati (ep. also Ā. °te), to begin to sing, sing, celebrate, praise, extol; to sound, resound, [RV.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.]
pragṝप्रगॄpra-√ 1. gṝ P. -gṛṇāti, to proclaim, announce to (loc.), [RV. i, 152, 5]; to extol, praise, [BhP.]
pragaप्रगpra-ga See under pra-√ gam below.
pra-°ga mfn. going before, preceding, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 38], Sch.
prageप्रगेpra-°ge ind. See below.
pra-ge ind. early in the morning, at dawn, at day-break (‘when the sun goes forth’ ?), [Lāṭy.]; [Mn.] &c.
to-morrow morning, [Siṃhās.]
pra-ge See under pra-√ gam.
prahāप्रहाpra-√ 2. hā Ā., -jihīte, to drive off, haste away, [RV.]; to spring up, [ŚBr.]
pra-√ 3. hā P. -jahāti, (3. pl. pr. irreg. -jahanti, [MBh.]; fut. 3. du. Ā. -hāsyete, [R.]), to leave, [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to desert, quit, abandon, give up, renounce, violate (a duty), break (a promise), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to send off, throw, hurl, [Bhaṭṭ.]; (incorrectly for Pass.) to cease, disappear, [MBh.] : Pass. -hīyate, to be relinquished or neglected, be lost, fail, cease, perish, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; to be vanquished, succumb, [MBh.] : Caus. -hāpayati, to drive away, remove, destroy, [BhP.]
pra-hā́ f. a good throw at dice, any gain or advantage, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TāṇḍBr.] (= pra-hantṛ, [Sāy.])
prahṛप्रहृpra-√ hṛ P. Ā. -harati, °te, to offer (esp. praise, 1. sg. pr. -harmi), [RV. i, 61, 1]; to thrust or move forward, stretch out, [RV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; to put into, fix in (loc.), [RV.]; to hurl, throw, discharge at (loc.), [AV.] &c. &c.; to throw or turn out, [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; to throw (into the fire), [Br.]; [KātyŚr.]; to strike, hit, hurt, attack, assail (with acc. loc. dat. or gen.; Ā. also, ‘to fight with each other’), [AV.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. Ā. -harayate, to stir up, excite, rouse, [RV. iv, 37, 2] : Desid. -jihīrṣati, to wish to take away, [MBh.]; to wish to throw, [ŚBr.]; to wish to strike or assail, [MBh.]; [Daś.] (cf. jihīrṣu, p. 659).
prahiप्रहिpra-√ hi P. Ā. -hiṇoti, -hiṇute: -hiṇvati, -hiṇvate (cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 15]; pf. -jighāya, [KauṣUp.]; 1. sg. pr. Ā. -hiṣe, [RV.]; Aor. P. prā́hait, [AV.]; Impv. prá-hela, [RV.]; inf. pra-hyé, [ib.]), to urge on, incite, [RV.]; to direct, command, [Lāṭy.]; [KauṣUp.] ; to convey or send to, furnish, procure, bestow on (dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to hurl, cast, throw upon, discharge at (dat. or loc.), [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; to turn the eyes towards (acc.), [Kād.]; to dispatch (messengers), drive away, dismiss, send to (acc. with or without prati dat. gen. with or without antikam or pārśvam) or in order to (dat. or inf.), [RV.] &c. &c.; (Ā.) to rush on [RV.]; to forsake (= pra. √ 3. hā), [BhP.] : Caus. aor. prājīhayat, [Pat.] : Desid. of Caus. pra-jighāyayiṣati, [ib.]
pra-hi m. (according to [Uṇ., iv, 134] fr. pra-√ hṛ, but cf. pra-dhi) a well.
prahuप्रहुpra-√ hu P. Ā. -juhoti, -juhute, to sacrifice continually, offer up, [RV.] : Caus. -hāvayati, to pour out or down, [ĀpŚr.]
prajāप्रजाpra-°jā f. See below.
prajā́ f. (ifc. f(A). ; cf. pra-ja above) procreation, propagation, birth, [RV.]; [AV.]
offspring, children, family, race, posterity, descendants, after-growth (of plants), [RV.] &c. &c.
a creature, animal, man, mankind
people, subjects (of a prince), [ib.]
seed, semen, [VS.] (cf. -niṣeka)
an era, [Divyāv.]
prajṝप्रजॄpra-√ jṝ P. -jīryati, to be digested, [Suśr.]
prajūप्रजूpra-√ jū Ā. -javate, to hasten forwards, [RV. iii, 33, 1] (?) : Caus. -jāvayati, to set in rapid motion, dart, shoot (arrows), [Nir. ix, 17.]
prajaप्रजpra-ja See under pra-√ jan.
pra-°ja mf(A)n. bringing forth, bearing (see a-praja)
pra-°ja m. a husband, [L.]
prajiप्रजिpra-√ ji P. -jayati, to, win, conquer, [AV.]; &c.
prakṝप्रकॄpra-√ 1. kṝ P. -kirati, to scatter forth, strew, throw about, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to issue forth, spring up, [R.]; [Suśr.] : Pass. (and P. Pot. -kīryāt) to disappear, vanish, [MBh.]
prakṛप्रकृpra-√ 1. kṛ P. Ā. -karoti, -kurute, -kṛṇoti, °ṇute &c., to make, produce, accomplish, perform, achieve, effect, [RV.] &c. &c.; to make into, render (with double acc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (with dārān) to take to wife, marry, [MBh.]; to appoint, charge with (loc.), [PārGṛ.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; to enable to, make fit for (inf.), [RV.]; to remove, destroy, kill, [AV.]; [Hariv.]; (only Ā. by [Pāṇ. i, 3, 32]) to violate, pollute (a girl), [Mn. viii, 370]; (Ā.) to induce, move, incline, [RV.]; to make a person perform anything, [PārGṛ.]; (with manas, or buddhim) to set the heart upon, make up the mind to (dat. or loc.), resolve, determine, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; to gain, win, conquer, [RV.]; to lay out, expend, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 32]; to put forward, mention first, make the subject of discussion, [ib.]; to serve, honour, worship, [Bhaṭṭ.] : Caus. -kārayati, to cause to be made or prepared, [Gaut.]
pralīप्रलीpra-√ lī Ā. -līyate (ind.p. -līya, or -lāya), to become dissolved or reabsorbed into (loc.), disappear, perish, die, [Br.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
pralūप्रलूpra-√ lū P. Ā. -lunāti, -lunīte, to cut off, [HPariś.]
pramāप्रमाpra-√ mā Ā. -mimīte (Ved. inf. pra-mé; Pass. -mīyate), to measure, mete out, estimate, [AV.]; [ŚrS.]; [MBh.]; to form, create, make ready, arrange, [RV.]; [MBh.]; to form a correct notion of (acc.), understand, know, [MaitrUp.]; [Hariv.]; [Hit.] : Caus. -māpayati, to cause correct knowledge, afford proof or authority, [MW.]
pra-mā́ f. basis, foundation, [AV.]
measure, scale, [RV.]
right measure, true knowledge, correct notion, [Prab.]; [Kap.]; [Tarkas.]; [IW. 59] &c.
a kind of metre, [RPrāt.]
pramṝप्रमॄpra-√ mṝ P. -mṛṇāti (cf. pra-mṛṇ), to crush, destroy, [RV.]; [AV.]
pramīप्रमीpra-√ mī P. -mināti (-mīṇāti, [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 15]; -miṇoti, [BhP.]; Ved. inf. -míyam, -míye and -metos cf. below), to frustrate, annul, destroy, annihilate, [RV.]; [AV.]; [BhP.]; to change, alter, [RV.]; to neglect, transgress, infringe, [ib.]; to miss, lose (one's way or time), forget, [ib.]; [ŚBr.]; to cause to disappear, put out of sight, [RV.]; to leave behind, outstrip, surmount, surpass, [ib.]; [Bhaṭṭ.] : (Ā. or Pass. -mīyate aor. Subj. -meṣṭhāḥ) to come to naught, perish, die, [AV.] &c. &c.: Caus. -māpayati, to destroy, annihilate, kill, slay, [Nir.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.] &c.; to cause to kill, [Yājñ.]
pra-mī mfn. in vā́ta-p°, q.v.
prameप्रमेpra-mé ind. See under pra-√ mā.
pramṛप्रमृpra-√ mṛ Caus. P. -mārayati, to put to death, [ŚBr.]
pramiप्रमिpra-√ 1. mi P. Ā. -minoti, -minute, to erect, build, [KauṣUp.]; to judge, observe, perceive, [Sāh.]; [Nyāyad.] Comm. [Suśr.] (ind.p. pra-māya).
prapāप्रपाpra-√ 1. pā P. -píbati, (ind.p. -pāya, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 69]), to begin to drink, drink, [RV.] &c. &c.; to imbibe (cakṣuṣā, with the eye i.e. feast the eyes upon), [MBh.]
pra-pā́ f. a place for supplying water, a place for watering cattle or a shed on the road-side containing a reservoir of water for travellers, fountain, cistern, well, [AV.] &c. &c. (cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 58], Vārtt. 4, [Pat.])
a supply of water, affluent (of a tank &c.), [L.]
pra-√ 3. pā P. -pāti, to protect, defend from (abl.), [BhP.]
prapṝप्रपॄpra-√ pṝ P. -pṛṇāti (see pra-pra-√ pṝ) Pass. -pūryate, to be filled, become full or satiated, be completed or fulfilled or accomplished, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Caus. -pūrayati, to fill up, complete, [MBh.]; [R.]; to make rich, enrich, [Mṛcch.]
prapīप्रपीpra-√ pī &c. See pra-√ pyai.
prapṛप्रपृpra-√ 1. pṛ (only aor. Subj. -parṣi), to carry across, bring over (ati), [RV. i, 174, 9.]
prarīप्ररीpra-√ rī P. -riṇāti, to sever, detach, take away, [RV. ii, 22, 4]; Ā. -rīyate, to penetrate, enter (?), [v, 7, 8.]
praruप्ररुpra-√ ru P. -rauti, to roar or cry out loudly, [RV.]
prasūप्रसूpra-√ 1. sū P. -suvati, -sauti, (Impv. -suhi with v.l. -sūhi, [KātyŚr.]), to set in motion, rouse to activity, urge, incite, impel, bid, command, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; to allow, give up to, deliver, [AV.]; [Br.]; [ŚrS.]; to hurl, throw, [Bhaṭṭ.], Sch.
pra-√ 2. sū Ā. -sūte, -sūyate, (rarely P. -savati, -sauti; once Pot. -sunuyāt, [Vajracch.]), to procreate, beget, bring forth, obtain offspring or bear fruit, produce, [Br.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; (mostly Ā. -sūyate, rarely °ti) to be born or produced, originate, arise, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
pra-sū́ mfn. bringing forth, bearing, fruitful, productive, [RV.] &c. &c.
(ifc.) giving birth to (cf. pitṛ-pr°, putrikā-pr°, strī-pr°)
pra-sū́ f. a mother, [Inscr.]; [L.]
a mare, [L.]
a young shoot, tender grass or herbs, sacrificial grass, [RV.]; [Br.]; [KātyŚr.]
a spreading creeper, the plantain, [L.]
prasṛप्रसृpra-√ sṛ P. -sisarti, (only Ved.) and sarati (sometimes also Ā. °te), to move forwards, advance (‘for’ or ‘against’ acc.), proceed (lit. and fig.), spring up, come forth, issue from (abl.), appear, rise, spread, extend, [RV.] &c. &c.; to break out (as fire, a disease &c.), [MBh.]; [Pañcat.] (v.l.); to be displaced (as the humours of the boy), [Suśr.]; to be diffused (as odour), [Kathās.]; to pass, elapse (as night), [Vikr.]; to commence, begin, [Bhartṛ.]; [Kathās.] (also Pass., e.g. prāsāri yājñaḥ, ‘the sacrifice began’, [ŚBr.]); to prevail, hold good, take place, [Sarvad.]; to stretch out (hands), [RV.]; to agree, promise, [Inscr.] : Caus. -sārayati, to stretch out, extend, [VS.] &c. &c.; to spread out, expose (wares &c. for sale), [Mn.]; [R.] &c.; to open wide (eyes, mouth, &c.), [Mṛcch.]; [BhP.]; to diffuse, circulate, exhibit, [Var.]; [Śaṃk.]; to prosecute, transact, [Kād.]; (in gram.) to change a semivowel into the corresponding vowel, [Pat.] : Intens. (-sasre, °rāte, °rāṇa) to extend, be protracted, last, [RV.]
prasiप्रसिpra-√ 1. si (only Ā. pf. siṣye, with pass. meaning), to bind-render harmless, [Rājat.]
prasuप्रसुpra-√ 3. su Caus. -sāvayati, to cause continuous pressing (of Soma), [Nidānas.]
pratṝप्रतॄpra-√ tṝ P. Ā. -tarati, °te (Ved. also -tirati, °te; inf. -tíram), to go to sea, pass over, cross, [ŚBr.] &c. &c.; to set out, start, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; (Ā.) to rise, thrive, prosper, [RV.]; to raise, elevate, augment, increase, further, promote, [ib.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; to extend, prolong (esp. with ā́yus, ‘to promote long life’; Ā. ‘to live on, live longer’), [RV.] : Caus. -tārayati (aor. prātītarat), to extend, widen, [MBh.]; to prolong (life), [AV.]; to mislead, take in, deceive, [Mṛcch.]; [Kathās.]; to lead astray, seduce, persuade to (dat. or loc.), [Ragh.]; [Kathās.]
pratīप्रतीin comp. for prati (cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 3, 122], Vārtt. 3, [Pat.])
(prati-√ i) P. praty-eti, to go towards or against, go to meet (as friend or foe), [RV.] &c. &c.; to come back, return, [ib.]; to resort or apply to, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; to fall to a person's (dat.) lot or share, [AitBr.]; to receive, accept, [MBh.]; (also Pass.) to admit, recognize, be certain of, be convinced that (2 acc.), [GṛŚrS.]; [Nir.]; [R.] &c.; to trust, believe (with gen.), [Kathās.] : Pass. pratīyate, to be admitted or recognized, follow, result, [Kāv.]; [Śaṃk.]; [Hit.] (p. °yamāna, known, understood, implicit, [Pāṇ.]; [Sāh.]) : Caus. praty-āyayati (Pass. praty-āyyate), to lead towards i.e. cause to recognize or acknowledge, convince (any one of the truth of anything), [Kālid.]; to make clear, prove, [Śaṃk.]; [Sāh.] : Desid. pratīṣiṣati, to wish or try to understand, [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 47], Sch.
pratiप्रतिpráti ind. (as a prefix to roots and their derivative nouns and other nouns, sometimes pratī; for 2. See p. 664) towards, near to
against, in opposition to
back, again, in return
down upon, upon, on
before nouns it expresses also likeness or comparison (cf. prati-candra)
or it forms Avyayībhāvas of different kinds (cf. prati-kṣaṇam, prati-graham, praty-agni &c.; rarely ifc., e.g. sūpaprati, a little broth, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 9])
or as a prep. with usually preceding acc., in the sense of towards, against, to, upon, in the direction of (e.g. śabdam p°, in the direction of the sound, [R.]; agnim pr°, against the fire, [Mn.]; also °ty-agni ind., [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 33], Sch.; ripum pr°, against the enemy, [Mn.]; ātmānam pr°, to one's self, [Ratnāv.])
opposite, before, in the presence of (e.g. rodasī pr°, before heaven and earth, [RV.])
in comparison, on a par with, in proportion to (e.g. indram pr°, in comparison with I°, [RV.]; sahasrāṇi pr°, on a par with i.e. equivalent to thousands, [ib.]; also with abl. or -tas; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 92]; [ii, 3, 11])
in the vicinity of, near, beside, at, on (e.g. yūpam pr°, near the sacrificial post, [AitBr.]; gaṅgām pr°, at or on the Ganges, [R.]; etat pr°, at this point, [TS.]; āyodhanam pr°, on the field of battle, [MBh.])
at the time of, about, through, for (e.g. phālgunam pr°, about the month Ph°, [Mn.]; ciram pr°, for a long time, [MBh.]; bhṛśam pr°, often, repeatedly, [Car.])
or used distributively (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]) to express at every, in or on every, severally (e.g. yajñam pr°, at every sacrifice, [Yājñ.]; yajñaṃ yajñam pr°, [TS.]; varṣam pr°, every year, annually, [Pañcat.]; in this sense often comp.; cf. above)
in favour of, for ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]; e.g. pāṇḍavān pr°, in favour of the P°s, [MBh.])
on account of, with regard to, concerning ([Pāṇ.]; [ib.], e.g. sīmām pr°, concerning a boundary, [Mn.]; gautamam pr°, with regard to G°, [R.])
conformably or according to (e.g. mām pr°, according to me, i.e. in my opinion, [Mālav.]; cf. mām praty araṇyavat pratibhāti, ‘it seems to me like a forest’, [Hit.]; na bubhukṣitam prati bhāti kiṃ cit, ‘to a hungry man nothing is of any account’, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 2])
as, for (after a verb meaning, ‘to regard or consider’; cf. [Vikr. iv, 69])
or as prep. with abl. in return or as compensation for, instead or in the place of ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 92], Sch.)
with abl. or -tas See above
with abl. or gen. (?) to express, ‘about’, ‘at the time of’ (only prati vastoḥ, ‘at daybreak’, [RV.])
as prep. with gen. = with reference to, [Hariv. 10967].
[cf. Zd. paiti; Gk. προτί, ποτί, πρός.]
in comp. with nouns not immediately connected with roots.
m. N. of a son of Kuśa, [BhP.]
pratyप्रत्य्in comp. before vowels for prati above.
pravāप्रवाpra-√ vā P. -vāti, to blow forth, blow, [RV.] &c. &c.; to smell, yield a scent, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.
pra-vā́ f. blowing forth, blowing, [AV.]; [VS.]; [TS.]
N. of a daughter of Dakṣa, [VāyuP.]
pravīप्रवीpra-√ vī P. -veti, to go forth, [RV.]; to strive after, make for, enter into, [ib.]; to attack, assail, [ib.]; to enter, fertilize, impregnate, [ib.]; [TS.]; [AV.]; [Kāṭh.]; to urge on, inspirit, animate, [RV.]
pravaप्रवpravá mfn. (fr. √ pru) fluttering, hovering, [RV.]
praveप्रवेpra-√ ve P. -vayati, to weave on, attach to, [RV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [Up.]
pravṛप्रवृpra-√ 1. vṛ P. -vṛṇoti, to ward off, keep away, [RV.] : Caus. -vārayati id., [MBh.]
pra-√ 2. vṛ P. Ā. -vṛṇāti, (Ved.) -vṛṇīte; -vṛṇoti, -vṛṇute (3. sg. aor. Subj. -vṛta, [RV.]), to choose out, choose as (acc.) or for (dat.), [RV.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.]; to accept gladly, [RV. ix, 101, 13] : Caus. -varayati, to choose, select, [MBh.]; -vārayati, to please, gratify, [R.] (For 1. pravara, mfn. best, &c., see p. 690, col. 3.)
prayāप्रयाpra-√ yā P. -yāti, to go forth, set out, progress, advance towards or against, go or repair to (acc., also with accha, or prati, or loc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to walk, roam, wander, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to part, go asunder, be dispersed, pass away, vanish, die, [ib.]; to get into a partic. state or condition, enter, undergo, incur (acc.), [ib.]; to proceed i.e. behave, [Bhartṛ.] (v.l.); to cause to go i.e. to lead into (acc.), [Hcat.] : Caus. -yāpayati, to cause to set out, [ŚBr.] (cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 4, 29]; [30], Sch.) : Desid. -yiyāsati, to wish to set out, [ib.] : Caus. of Desid. -yiyāsayati, to cause a person to wish to set out, [Bhaṭṭ.]
pra-yā́ f. onset, [RV.]
prayaiप्रयैpra-yaí See under pra-√ yā.
prayuप्रयुpra-√ 1. yu (only aor. Subj. -yoṣat), to remove, keep away, [RV. viii, 31, 17.]
pra-√ 2. yu P. -yauti, to stir, mingle, [TS.]; [MaitrS.]; to disturb, destroy, [Nir.]
prabhājप्रभाज्pra-°bhāj mfn., [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 62], Sch.
prabhāsप्रभास्pra-√ bhās Ā. -bhāsate (ep. also P. °ti), to shine, glitter, be brilliant, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; to appear like (iva), [MBh.] : Caus. -bhāsayati, to irradiate, illuminate, enlighten, [MBh.]; [R.]
prabhāṣप्रभाष्pra-√ bhāṣ Ā. -bhāṣate (ep. also P. °ti), to speak, tell, declare, disclose, manifest, explain, call, name, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to talk to, converse with (acc.), [MBh.]
prabhūṣप्रभूष्pra-√ bhūṣ P. -bhūṣati, to offer, present, [RV. i, 159, 1.]
prabhajप्रभज्pra-√ bhaj P. Ā. -bhajati, °te, to execute, accomplish, [Pañcar.]; to honour, [Buddh.]; to divide, [MW.]
prabhidप्रभिद्pra-√ bhid P. -bhinatti, to cleave, split asunder, break, pierce, open, [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. -bhidyate, to be broken in pieces, crumble, [ŚBr.]; to be dissolved, open, [KaṭhUp.]; to split, divide (intr.), [MBh.] : Caus. of Intens. -bebhidayya, [Pat.]
pra-°bhid mfn., [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 61], Sch.
prabhujप्रभुज्pra-√ 1. bhuj (only ind.p. -bhujya), to bend, incline, [Br.]; [Kauś.]
pra-√ 3. bhuj (only pr. p. -bhuñjatī́), to befriend, protect (?), [RV. i, 48, 5.]
prabhvīप्रभ्वीpra-bhvī f. N. of a Śakti, [Pañcar.]
pradhāvप्रधाव्pra-√ 1. dhāv P. Ā. -dhāvati, °te, to run forwards, run forth, run away, set out, start, [RV.]; [ŚāṅkhŚr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to rush upon, [Kathās.]; to run or go to (acc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to pervade, permeate, [Suśr.]; to become diffused, spread, [MBh.] : Caus. P. -dhāvayati, to put to flight, [Kathās.]; to drive away, drive, [Br.]
pra-√ 2. dhāv P. Ā. -dhāvati, °te, to wash or rub off, [ŚBr.] : Caus. P. Ā. -dhāvayati, °te, to wash or cause to wash off, [MBh.]
pradhamप्रधम्pra-√ dhmā (or dham) P. (Ā. Pot. -dhmāyīta, [ChUp.]) -dhamati, to blow before or in front, blow away, [AV.]; to scare, [Car.]; to destroy, [MBh.]; to blow into (esp. into a conch shell acc.), [ib.]; [Suśr.]; [Hariv.] &c.; (Ā.) to cry out, [ChUp. vi, 14, 1]; [Śaṃk.]; (others, ‘to be tossed about’, ‘wander about’) : Caus. P. Ā. -dhmāpayati, °te, to blow into, blow (a conch shell), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]
pradhṛṣप्रधृष्pra-√ dhṛṣ P. -dharṣati, -dhṛṣṇoti, to be bold against, assail with courage or daring, lay hands on, hurt, injure, harass, overpower, overcome, [R.] : Caus. P. -dharṣayati id., [ib.]; [KauṣĀr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to violate (a woman), [MBh.]; to destroy, devastate, [R.]
pradhmāप्रध्माpra-√ dhmā (or dham) P. (Ā. Pot. -dhmāyīta, [ChUp.]) -dhamati, to blow before or in front, blow away, [AV.]; to scare, [Car.]; to destroy, [MBh.]; to blow into (esp. into a conch shell acc.), [ib.]; [Suśr.]; [Hariv.] &c.; (Ā.) to cry out, [ChUp. vi, 14, 1]; [Śaṃk.]; (others, ‘to be tossed about’, ‘wander about’) : Caus. P. Ā. -dhmāpayati, °te, to blow into, blow (a conch shell), [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hariv.]
pra-°dhmā mfn. blowing violently, [MW.]
pradhyaiप्रध्यैpra-√ dhyai P. Ā. -dhyāyati, °te, to meditate upon, think of (acc. with or without prati), [Gobh.]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; to reflect, consider, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Kir.]; to excogitate, devise, hit upon, [MBh.]
praghaṭप्रघट्pra-√ ghaṭ Ā. -ghaṭate, to exert one's self, devote one's self to (loc.), [Bhaṭṭ.]; to commence, begin, [ib.]
praghṛṣप्रघृष्pra-√ ghṛṣ P. -gharṣati, to rub to pieces, [Kauś.]; to rub into, anoint, [Suśr.]
praghuṣप्रघुष्pra-√ ghuṣ Caus. -ghoṣayati, to cause to announce aloud, proclaim, [MBh.]
prakhādप्रखाद्pra-√ khād P. -khādati, to eat up, devour, [RV.]
prakhanप्रखन्pra-√ khan (only aor. -khān), to dig up, uproot, eradicate, [Kathās.]
prakhidप्रखिद्pra-√ khid (only pr. p. -khidát), to thrust away, [VS.]