práti ind. (as a prefix to roots and their derivative nouns and other nouns, sometimes pratī; for 2. See p. 664) towards, near to
against, in opposition to
back, again, in return
down upon, upon, on
before nouns it expresses also likeness or comparison (cf. prati-candra)
or it forms Avyayībhāvas of different kinds (cf. prati-kṣaṇam, prati-graham, praty-agni &c.; rarely ifc., e.g. sūpaprati, a little broth, [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 9])
or as a prep. with usually preceding acc., in the sense of towards, against, to, upon, in the direction of (e.g. śabdam p°, in the direction of the sound, [R.]; agnim pr°, against the fire, [Mn.]; also °ty-agni ind., [Pāṇ. vi, 2, 33], Sch.; ripum pr°, against the enemy, [Mn.]; ātmānam pr°, to one's self, [Ratnāv.])
opposite, before, in the presence of (e.g. rodasī pr°, before heaven and earth, [RV.])
in comparison, on a par with, in proportion to (e.g. indram pr°, in comparison with I°, [RV.]; sahasrāṇi pr°, on a par with i.e. equivalent to thousands, [ib.]; also with abl. or -tas; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 92]; [ii, 3, 11])
in the vicinity of, near, beside, at, on (e.g. yūpam pr°, near the sacrificial post, [AitBr.]; gaṅgām pr°, at or on the Ganges, [R.]; etat pr°, at this point, [TS.]; āyodhanam pr°, on the field of battle, [MBh.])
at the time of, about, through, for (e.g. phālgunam pr°, about the month Ph°, [Mn.]; ciram pr°, for a long time, [MBh.]; bhṛśam pr°, often, repeatedly, [Car.])
or used distributively (cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]) to express at every, in or on every, severally (e.g. yajñam pr°, at every sacrifice, [Yājñ.]; yajñaṃ yajñam pr°, [TS.]; varṣam pr°, every year, annually, [Pañcat.]; in this sense often comp.; cf. above)
in favour of, for ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 90]; e.g. pāṇḍavān pr°, in favour of the P°s, [MBh.])
on account of, with regard to, concerning ([Pāṇ.]; [ib.], e.g. sīmām pr°, concerning a boundary, [Mn.]; gautamam pr°, with regard to G°, [R.])
conformably or according to (e.g. mām pr°, according to me, i.e. in my opinion, [Mālav.]; cf. mām praty araṇyavat pratibhāti, ‘it seems to me like a forest’, [Hit.]; na bubhukṣitam prati bhāti kiṃ cit, ‘to a hungry man nothing is of any account’, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 2])
as, for (after a verb meaning, ‘to regard or consider’; cf. [Vikr. iv, 69])
or as prep. with abl. in return or as compensation for, instead or in the place of ([Pāṇ. i, 4, 92], Sch.)
with abl. or -tas See above
with abl. or gen. (?) to express, ‘about’, ‘at the time of’ (only prati vastoḥ, ‘at daybreak’, [RV.])
as prep. with gen. = with reference to, [Hariv. 10967].
[cf. Zd. paiti; Gk. προτί, ποτί, πρός.]
in comp. with nouns not immediately connected with roots.
prati-√ bhā P. -bhāti, to shine upon (acc.), [Lāṭy.]; to come in sight, present or offer one's self to (gen. or acc.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c. ; to appear to the mind (also with manasi), flash upon the thoughts, become clear or manifest, occur to (acc. or gen.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c. (nóttaram pratibhātime, ‘no answer occurs to me’, [Hariv.]); to seem or appear to (gen. acc. with or without prati) as or like (nom. with or without iva, or yathā, or -vat ind.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c. (iti pratibhāti me manaḥ, ‘so it seems to my mind’, [MBh.]); to seem fit, appear good, please to (gen. or acc.), [Vikr.]; [Pañcat.] &c. (sā bhāryā pratibhāti me, ‘this one would please me as a wife’, [Kathās.])
prati-√ bhū P. -bhavati, to be equal to or on a par with (acc.), [ŚBr.] : Caus. -bhāvayati, to observe, become acquainted with (acc.), [MBh.] : Pass. -bhāvyate, to be considered as, pass for (nom.), [Rājat.]
prati-°bhū m. a surety, security, bail, [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
prati-√ dhā P. Ā. -dadhāti, -dhatte (Ved. inf. práti-dhātave), to put on or in or near or back, return, restore (loc. or dat.), [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; to adjust (an arrow), aim, [ib.]; to put to the lips (for drinking), [RV. iv, 27, 5]; to put down (the feet), step out, [Br.]; to offer, present, [AitBr.]; to use, employ, [Śatr.]; to restrain, [BhP.]; (Ā.) to commence, begin, approach, [RV.]; [AV.]
prati°dhā́ f. putting to the lips, a draught, [RV.]
prati-√ dā P. Ā. -dadāti, -datte, to give back, restore, return, [AV.] &c. &c.; to give, offer, present, [MBh.]; [R.] : Caus. -dāpayati, to cause to be given back or restored, [Yājñ.]
prati-√ gṝ P. Ā. -gṛṇāti, -gṛṇīte, to invoke, salute (acc.), [RV.]; (with dat.; cf. [Pāṇ. i, 4, 41], Sch.) to respond in recitation or chanting (also with prati-garam), [ib.]; [TS.]; [Br.]; [ŚrS.]; to agree with (dat.), [Vop.]
prati-√ hṛ P. Ā. -harati, °te (ind.p. pratī-hāram, [Kauś.]; inf. prati-hartave, [BhP.]), to throw back, [AV.]; to strike or pound, [Kauś.]; to keep shut, close by pressure (an udder), [TāṇḍBr.]; to bring back, [Lāṭy.]; to deliver, offer, present, [BhP.]; to procure, [ib.]; (Ā.) to take i.e. eat, [ChUp.]; to join in the Sāman hymns as Pratihartṛ (see below), [Lāṭy.] : Caus. hārayati, to have one's self announced to (gen.), [Jātakam.] : Desid. -jihīrṣati, to wish to requite or revenge, [MBh.] (cf. prati-jihīrṣu).
prati-√ ji P. -jayati, to conquer, defeat (in battle or at play), [TS.]; [MBh.] : Desid. -jigīṣati, to wish to conquer or defeat, attack, assail, [MBh.]
prati-√ kṛ P. Ā. -karoti, -kurute, (inf. pratī-kartum, [BhP.]), to do or make an opposition, [AitBr.]; to return, repay, requite (good or evil [acc.], with gen. dat. or loc. of pers.), [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; to counteract, resist (acc. or gen.), [ib.]; to treat, attend to, cure (a disease), [Suśr.]; to repair, mend, restore, [Mn.]; to pay back (a debt), [Gaut.] : Caus. Ā. -kārayate, to cause to be repeated, [ŚBr.] : Desid. -cikīrṣati, to wish to take revenge on (acc. or loc.) for (acc.), [MBh.]; [R.]
reflection (in comp. after a word meaning ‘moon’, cf. below)
measure, extent (cf. below)
N. of a metre, [RPrāt.]
the part of an elephant's head between the tusks (also °ma m.), [L.] (ifc. like, similar, resembling, equal to, [TBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; having the measure of, as long or wide &c. as, e.g. tri-nalva-pr°, 3 Nalvas long, [Hariv.]; °ma-tā f. °ma-tva n. reflection, image, shadow, [W.])
prati-√ pṝ P. -pṛṇāti (only 2. du. Impv. -pṛṇītám), to bestow in return, [RV. vii, 65, 5] : Caus. -pūrayati, to fill up, make full, [ĀśvGṛ.]; [Suśr.]; to fill (said of a noise), [MBh.]; to sate, satiate, satisfy, [ib.]; to fulfil, accomplish, [R.]
prati-√ sṛ P. -sarati (ind.p. -sāram, [ŚāṅkhBr.]), to go against, rush upon, attack, assail (acc.), [Hariv.]; to return, go home, [BhP.]; to go round or from place to place (not only on the main road), [TS.] : Caus. -sārayati, to cause to go back, [Car.]; to put back again, restore to its place, [Kālid.]; to spread over, tip or touch with (instr.), [Suśr.]; to put asunder, sever, separate, [SaddhP.] : Pass. to void or emit per anum (?), [Suśr.]
prati-√ yā P. -yāti, to come or go to (acc., also with prati), [RV.]; [MBh.]; to go against (acc.), [Hariv.]; to go or come back, return to or into (acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to comply with, oblige, please (acc.), [R.]; to equal, be a match for (acc.), [BhP.]; to be returned or requited, [ib.] : Caus. -yāpayati, to cause to return to (acc.), [BhP.]
prati-√ bhās Ā. -bhāsate, to manifest one's self, appear as or look like or as (nom.), [Rājat.] (nānā-tvena, ‘to appear different’, [Vedāntas.]); to shine, be brilliant, have a bright appearance, [Kathās.]
prati-√ bhūṣ P. -bhūṣati, to make ready, prepare, fit out, [RV.]; to serve, wait upon, honour, worship, [ib.]; [TS.]; to concede, acquiesce in, agree to (acc.), [RV.]
prati-√ śru P. -śṛṇoti, to hear, listen, [RV. i, 25, 20] (Ā. 3. sg. śṛṇve, ‘to be heard’ or ‘audible’ [i, 169, 7]); to listen, give ear to (gen.), [Vajracch.]; to assure, agree, promise anything (acc.) to any one (gen. or dat.), [RV.] &c. &c.: Desid. -śuśrūṣati, to wish to promise, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 59.]
prati-√ brū P. Ā. -bravīti, -brūve, to speak in reply, answer, [RV.] &c. &c. (also with 2 acc. [R.]); (Ā.) to answer i.e. return (an attack &c.), [RV.]; to refuse, deny, [BhP.]
prati-√ dah P. -dahati (fut. -dhakṣyati), to burn towards, encounter with flames, consume, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ChUp.] : Pass. -dahyate (°ti), to be burnt or consumed by fire, [MBh.]
prati-√ dṛś (ind.p. -dṛśya), to look at, behold, perceive, notice, [ŚBr.]; Ā. and Pass. -dṛśyate, to become visible, appear, appear as, be, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. -darśayati, to cause to see, show, teach, [MBh.]
prati-√ 2. div P. -dīvyati, to throw or cast against, [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 59], Sch.; to play at dice with (acc.), to stake anything (gen. or acc.) at dice against, [AV.]; [MBh.]
prati-√ han P. -hanti (ep. also Ā. pf. -jaghne), to beat against (gen.), [TāṇḍBr.]; to attack, assail, [MBh.]; to strike down, [ib.]; to crush, break, [RV.]; to put on a spit, [ib.] [i, 32, 12]; to strike in return, strike back, ward off remove, dispel, check, prevent, frustrate, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; (with ājñām), to disregard a command, [Śiś.] : Pass. -hanyate, to be beaten back &c., [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to be kept away from or deprived of (abl.), [Śaṃk.] : Caus. -ghātayati See under prati-gha.
prati-√ jñā P. Ā. -jānāti, -jānīte, to admit, own, acknowledge, acquiesce in, consent to, approve, [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; to promise (with gen. dat. or loc. of pers., and acc. with or without prati, or dat. of thing, also with inf. [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; with vākyam and gen. ‘to promise fulfilment of a person's word’, [MBh.]; with satyam ‘to promise verily or truly’, [ib.]); (Ā.) to confirm, assert, answer in the affirmative, [ŚBr.]; [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to maintain, assert, allege, state, [MBh.]; [R.] &c. (śabdaṃ nityatvena, ‘to assert the eternity of sound’, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 22], Sch.); (Ā.) to bring forward or introduce (a topic), [Nyāyam.], Sch.; to perceive, notice, learn, become aware of [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; to remember sorrowfully (only in this sense P. by, [Pāṇ. i, 3, 46]; but really Ā. [MBh. xii, 8438]).
prati-°jñā f. See below.
f. admission, acknowledgment, assent, agreement, promise, vow, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
a statement, assertion, declaration, affirmation, [ib.]
(in logic) a proposition, the assertion or proposition to be proved, the first member or avyaya of the five-membered Nyāya syllogism, [IW. 61]
(in law) a plaint, complaint, indictment, prosecution, [Yājñ.]
prati-√ labh Ā. -labhate, to receive back, recover, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to obtain, gain, partake of (acc.), [MBh.]; [BhP.]; to get back i.e. get punished, [MBh.]; to learn, understand, [MBh.]; [R.]; to expect, [R.] : Pass. -labhyate, to be obtained or met with, appear, [Śaṃk.] : Caus. -lambhayati, to provide or present with (instr.), [HPariś.]
prati-√ man Ā. -manute, to render back in return or in reply, contrast with (also with 2 acc.), [VS.]; [ChUp.] : Caus. -mānayati, to honour, esteem, approve, consider, regard, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.
prati-√ muc P. Ā. -muñcati, °te, to put (clothes, a garland &c.) on (dat. gen. loc.), to fix or fasten on, append, [AV.] &c. &c.; (Ā., later also P.) to put on one's self, dress one's self, assume (a shape or form), [RV.] &c. &c.; to attach or fasten to (loc.), [KātyŚr.]; [BhP.]; to inflict on (loc.), [TBr.]; to set at liberty, release, let go, send away, [Ragh.]; [Rājat.]; [Kathās.]; to give up, resign, [Mṛcch.]; [Pañcat.]; to return, restore, pay back (as a debt), [MBh.]; to fling, hurl, [RV.]; [MBh.]; [R.] : Pass. -mucyate, to be freed or released from (abl.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. -mocayati, to set free, rescue, save, [MBh.]
prati-√ mud Ā. -modate (rarely P.) °ti, to rejoice at, welcome with joy, be glad to see (with acc., rarely gen.), [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. -modayate, to gladden, cheer, [ŚBr.] : Desid. of Caus. -mumodayiṣati, to wish to make cheerful, [ib.]
prati-√ nad P. -nadati, to sound back, answer with a cry or shout, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.: Caus. -nādayati, to cause to resound, make resonant, fill with cries, [ib.]