the thirty-third and last consonant of the Nāgarī alphabet (in Pāṇini's system belonging to the guttural class, and usually pronounced like the English h in hard; it is not an original letter, but is mostly derived from an older gh, rarely from dh or bh).
m. (only [L.]) a form of Śiva or Bhairava (cf. nakulīśa)
water
a cipher (i.e. the arithmetical figure which symbolizes o)
meditation, auspiciousness
sky, heaven, paradise
blood
dying
fear
knowledge
the moon
Viṣṇu
war, battle
horripilation
a horse
pride
a physician
cause, motive
= pāpa-haraṇa
= sakopa-vāraṇa
= śuṣka
hā (also ā, f.) laughter
(am), n. the Supreme Spirit
pleasure, delight
a weapon
the sparkling of a gem
calling, calling to the sound of a lute
ind. = aham (?), [IndSt.]
mfn. mad, drunk.
ind. (prob. orig. identical with 2. gha, and used as a particle for emphasizing a preceding word, esp. if it begins a sentence closely connected with another; very frequent in the Brāhmaṇas and Sūtras, and often translatable by) indeed, assuredly, verily, of course, then &c. (often with other particles, e.g. with tv eva, u, sma, vai &c.; na ha, ‘not indeed’; also with interrogatives and relatives, e.g. yad dha, ‘when indeed’; kad dha, ‘what then?’ sometimes with impf. or pf. [cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 116]]; in later language very commonly used as a mere expletive, esp. at the end of a verse), [RV.]; &c.
(only in [Dhātup. ix, 50]; prob. artificial) cl. 1. P. haṭhati, to leap, jump; to be wicked; to treat with violence, oppress (cf. next); to bind to a post.
cl. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxiv, 2]) hanti (3. du. hatáḥ, 3. pl. ghnanti; rarely Ā. hate, 3. pl. ghnate; and cl. 1. hanati, Ved. also jighnate, °ti; Pot. hanyāt, [Br.] also hánīta, ghnīta; Impv. jahí, [TĀr.] handhí; impf. áhan, Ved. and ep. also ahanat, ahanan, aghnanta; p. jaghnat, ghnamāna, [MBh.]; pf. jaghā́na, jaghnúḥ, [Br.] and ep. also jaghne, °nire, Subj. jaghánat, [RV.]; p. jaghnivás, Ved. also jaghanvas; aor. ahānīt, [JaimBr.] [cf. √ vadh]; fut. hantā, [MBh.]; haṃsyati, [ib.]; haniṣyáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; inf. hántum, Ved. also hántave, °tavaí, °toḥ; ind.p. hatvā́, Ved. also °tvī́, °tvāya, -hatya; -hanya, [MBh.]; -ghā́tam, [Br.] &c.), to strike, beat (also a drum), pound, hammer (acc.), strike &c. upon (loc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to smite, slay, hit, kill, mar, destroy, [ib.]; to put to death, cause to be executed, [Mn.]; [Hit.]; to strike off, [Kathās.]; to ward off, avert, [MBh.]; to hurt, wound (the heart), [R.]; to hurl (a dart) upon (gen.), [RV.]; (in astron.) to touch, come into contact, [VarBṛS.]; to obstruct, hinder, [Rājat.]; to repress, give up, abandon (anger, sorrow &c.), [Kāv.]; [BhP.]; (?) to go, move, [Naigh. ii, 14] : Pass. hanyáte (ep. also °ti; aor. avadhi or aghāni), to be struck or killed, [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. ghātayati, °te (properly a Nom. fr. ghāta, q.v.; aor. ajīghatat or ajīghanat), to cause to be slain or killed, kill, slay, put to death, punish, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to notify a person's death (kaṃsaṃ ghātayati = kaṃsa-vadham ācaṣṭe), [Pāṇ. iii, 1, 26], Vārtt. 6 [Pat.]; to mar, destroy, [MBh.]; [Pañcat.] (v.l.) : Desid. jíghāṃsati, °te (Pot. jighāṃsīyat, [MBh.]; impf. ajighāṃsīḥ, [ŚBr.]), to wish to kill or destroy, [RV.] &c. &c.: Intens. jáṅghanti ([RV.]; p. jaṅghanat, jáṅghnat or ghánighnat), jaṅghanyate (with pass. sense, [MuṇḍUp.]), jeghnīyate ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 31]), to strike = tread upon (loc. or acc.), [RV.]; to slay, kill, [ib.]; to dispel (darkness), destroy (evil, harm), [ib.]; to hurt, injure, wound, [MuṇḍUp.]
cl. 1. P. hayati, to go, move, [Dhātup. xv, 5] (accord. to [Vop.] also, ‘to be weary’, and accord. to others, ‘to worship’ or ‘to sound’). In [Naigh. ii, 14] hayantāt is enumerated among the gati-karmāṇah (cf. hayat under √ 2. hi).
m. violence, force (ibc., ena, and āt, ‘by force, forcibly’), [R.]; [Rājat.]; [Kathās.] &c.
obstinacy, pertinacity (ibc. and āt, ‘obstinately, persistently’), [Pañcat.]; [Kathās.]
absolute or inevitable necessity (as the cause of all existence and activity; ibc., āt, and ena, ‘necessarily, inevitably, by all means’), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
mfn. (for 2. See col. 3) bearing, carrying (see dṛti and nātha-h°).
hári mfn. (prob. fr. a lost √ hṛ, ‘to be yellow or green’; for 1. See above, col. 2) fawn-coloured, reddish brown, brown, tawny, pale yellow, yellow, fallow, bay (esp. applied to horses), green, greenish, [RV.] &c., &c.
hári m. yellow or reddish brown or green (the colour), [L.]
a horse, steed (esp. of Indra), [RV.] &c. &c.
a lion, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
the sign of the zodiac Leo, [VarBṛS.]
the sun, [ib.]
= hari-nakṣatra, [ib.]
a monkey, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.
([L.] also, a ray of light; the moon; Phaseolus Mungo; a jackal; a parrot; a peacock; the Koil or Indian cuckoo; a goose; a frog; a snake; fire)
the wind or N. of Vāyu (god of the wind), [R.]
of Indra, [ib.] &c.
(esp.) N. of Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa (in this sense thought by some to be derived from √ hṛ, ‘to take away or remove evil or sin’), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
of Brahmā, [TĀr.]
of Yama, [L.]
of Śiva, [L.]
of Śukra, [L.]
of Su-parṇa, [L.]
of a son of Garuḍa, [MBh.]
of a Rākṣasa, [ib.]
of a Dānava, [Hariv.]
of a son of Akampana (or Anukampana), [MBh.]
of a son of Tārakākṣa, [ib.]
of a son of Parājit, [Hariv.]
of a son of Parāvṛt, [VP.]
of a worshipper of Viṣṇu, [BhP.]
of various authors and scholars (esp. of the poet Bhartṛ-hari as the author of the Vākya-padīya; also with miśra, bhaṭṭa, dīkṣita &c.), [Cat.]
cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. xv, 7]) haryáti (rarely Ā. °te; pr. p. P. háryat, or haryát [see below] Ā. háryamāṇa), to like, delight in, be fond of or pleased with, yearn after, long for (acc. or loc.), [RV.]; to go, [Naigh. ii, 14]; to threaten, [Dhātup.] : Intens. jāharyīti, jāharti, jāharyati, [Siddh.] [cf. Gk. χαίρω.]
ind. (cf. ham) a vocative particle (corresponding to ‘ho!’ ‘hollo!’ accord. to some also expressing haughtiness or contempt; in dram. a form of address used by equals to each other), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
haṃsá m. (ifc. f(A). ; accord. to [Uṇ. iii, 62] fr. √ han, ‘to go?’) a goose, gander, swan, flamingo (or other aquatic bird, considered as a bird of passage; sometimes a mere poetical or mythical bird, said in [RV.] to be able to separate Soma from water, when these two fluids are mixed, and in later literature, milk from water when these two are mixed; also forming in [RV.] the vehicle of the Aśvins, and in later literature that of Brahmā; ifc. also = ‘best or chief among’), [RV.] &c. &c.
the soul or spirit (typified by the pure white colour of a goose or swan, and migratory like a goose; sometimes ‘the Universal Soul or Supreme Spirit’, identified with Virāj, Nārāyaṇa, Viṣṇu, Śiva, Kāma, and the Sun; du. ‘the universal and the individual Spirit’; accord. to [Sāy.] resolvable into ahaṃ sa, ‘I am that’), [Up.]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.
one of the vital airs, [L.]
a kind of ascetic, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [BhP.]
a man of supernatural qualities born under a partic. constellation, [VarBṛS.]
an unambitious monarch, [L.]
a horse, [Naigh. i, 14]
an excellent draught-ox (accord. to some, ‘a buffalo’), [VarBṛS.]
a mountain, [L.]
a temple of a partic. form, [VarBṛS.]
a kind of Mantra or mystical text, [Cat.]
silver, [L.]
envy, malice, [L.]
N. of two metres, [Col.]
(in music) a kind of measure, [Saṃgīt.]
a mystical N. of the letter h, [Cat.]
a spiritual preceptor, [W.]
N. of a Deva-gandharva, [Hariv.]
of a Dānava, [ib.]
of a son of Brahmā, [BhP.]
of a son of Vasu-deva, [ib.]
of a son of A-riṣṭā, [MBh.]
of a son of Brahma-datta and general of Jarā-saṃdha, [ib.]
of various authors &c., [Cat.]
of one of the Moon's horses, [VP.]
of a mountain, [Pur.]
pl. N. of the Brāhmans in Plakṣa-dvīpa, [BhP.]
[cf. Gk. χήν; Lat. anser for hanser; Lit. żąsìs; Germ. Gans; Angl.Sax. gôs; Eng. goose.]
Nom. P. °sati, to act or behave like a swan, [Subh.]
hánta ind. an exclamation or inceptive particle (expressive of an exhortation to do anything or asking attention, and often translatable by ‘come on!’ ‘here!’ ‘look!’ ‘see!’ in later language also expressive of grief, joy, pity, haste, benediction &c. and translatable by ‘alas!’ ‘ah!’ ‘oh!’ &c.; often repeated or joined with other particles, e.g. hā hanta, hanta hanta, hanta tarhi), [RV.]; &c.
hantṛ́ or hántṛ, mf(trI)n. (the former with gen., the latter with acc.) slaying, killing, a slayer, killer, murderer, robber, disturber, destroyer (-tva n.), [RV.] &c. &c.
harít mfn. fawn-coloured, pale yellow, yellowish, pale red, fallow, bay, tawny, greenish, [RV.] &c. &c.
harít m. pale yellow, reddish, bay (the colour), [L.]
a horse of the Sun (harito harīṃś ca, acc. pl. ‘the horses of the Sun and of Indra’), [Śak.]
emerald, [BhP.]
a lion, [L.]
the sun, [L.]
N. of Viṣṇu, [L.]
Phaseolus Mungo (prob. w.r. for hari), [L.]
harít f. a female horse of a reddish colour, a bay mare (applied to the horses of Soma, Indra, and Tvaṣṭṛ, and esp. to sapta-haritaḥ, ‘the 7 horses of the Sun’, thought to symbolize the days of the week), [RV.]; [TS.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [BhP.]
hásta m. (ifc. f(A). , of unknown derivation) the hand (ifc. = ‘holding in or by the hand’; haste √ kṛ [as two words], ‘to take into the hand’, ‘get possession of’; haste-√ kṛ [as a comp.], ‘to take by the hand, marry’; śatru-hastaṃ √ gam, ‘to fall into the hand of the enemy’), [RV.] &c. &c.
an elephant's trunk (ifc. = ‘holding with the trunk’), [AitBr.]; [MBh.] &c.
the fore-arm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger, = 24 Aṅgulas or about 18 inches), [VarBṛS.]; [Rājat.] &c.
the position of the hand (= hasta-vinyāsa), [VPrāt.]
hand-writing, [Yājñ.]; [Vikr.]
the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus), [AV.] &c. &c.
a species of tree, [L.]
(in prosody) an anapest, [Col.]
quantity, abundance, mass (ifc. after words signifying ‘hair’; cf. keśa-h°)
N. of a guardian of the Soma, [Sāy.]
of a son of Vasudeva, [BhP.]
of another man, [Rājat.]
hásta (am), n. a pair of leather bellows, [L.]
hásta mfn. born under the Nakṣatra Hasta, [Pāṇ. iv, 3, 34] [cf., accord. to some Gk. ἀγοστός]
havís n. an oblation or burnt offering, anything offered as an oblation with fire (as clarified butter, milk, Soma, grain; haviṣ √ kṛ, ‘to prepare an oblation’, ‘make into an oblation’), [RV.] &c. &c.
havyá n. (for 2. See col. 2) anything to be offered as an oblation, sacrificial gift or food (in later language often opp., to kaivya, q.v.), [RV.]; &c.
hávya (or havyá), mf(A)n. to be called or invoked, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]
hávya m. N. of a son of Manu Svāyambhuva, [Hariv.]