the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.
ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.]
also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]]
m. N. of Śiva, [L.]
grandfather, [L.]
f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.]
ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.]
(with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.]
(with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.]
(with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.]
out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.]
towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.]
(with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.
from, [RV. i, 30, 21]
(with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.]
(after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.]
(as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)
ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531]
ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)
ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403]
ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’
ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12]
ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)
ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51]
ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.
cl. 5. P. āpnóti [[AV. ix, 5, 22], &c.], (perf. āpa aor. āpat fut. āpsyati inf. āptum) Ā. (perf. 3. pl. āpiré, [RV. ix, 108, 4], p. pf. āpāná, [RV. ii, 34, 7], but also pres. p. ā́pnāna, [RV. x, 114, 7]) to reach, overtake, meet with, fall upon, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to obtain, gain, take possession of [RV.]; [AV.] &c., [MBh.]; [Mn.] &c.; to undergo, suffer, [Mn.]; to fall, come to any one; to enter, pervade, occupy; to equal: Pass. āpyate, to be reached or found or met with or obtained; to arrive at one's aim or end, become filled, [TS.] &c.: Caus. P. āpayati, to cause to reach or obtain or gain, [ChUp.] &c.; to cause any one to suffer; to hit, [Kathās.] : Desid. P. and Ā. īpsati and īpsate [[Pāṇ. vii, 4, 55]] to strive to reach or obtain, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.: Desid. of the Caus. āpipayiṣati, to strive to reach, [ŚBr.];
[probably connected with 1. ap; cf. apna; Gk. ἄϕενος, ἀϕνειός; Lat. apiscor, aptus, ops; Old Germ. uoban; Mod. Germ. üben.]
(ā-√ āp) pf. ā́pa, to arrive at, come towards, [RV. x, 32, 8.]
cl. 4. P. ā́ryanti, to praise, [RV. viii, 16, 6] and [x, 48, 3] (perhaps connected with √ ṛ).
(ā-√ ṛ) P. (Subj. 2. sg. -ṛṇós, [RV. i, 30, 14] and [15]; ā́-ṛṇvati, [RV. i, 144, 5]; but also Impv. 2. pl. íyarta, [RV. viii, 7, 13]; aor. ā́ratām, &c.) Ā. (3. sg. ā́-ṛṇve, [RV. v, 74, 5]) to insert, place in [RV.]; to excite; to bring near, fetch, [RV.]; to come; to reach, obtain, fall into (misfortune), [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c.; to inflict, [AitBr.] : Caus. ārpayati, to cause to partake of [ŚBr. iv, 5, 7, 7]; to fix, settle, annex; to inflict, injure.
cl. 2. Ā. ā́ste (and ā́sate, [AV. xi, 8, 32], &c.; Impv. 2. sg. ās-sva, āsva, and āsasva; 2. pl. ādhvam; p. āsāná, āsat [[R.]], and āsīna [see below]; āsāṃ-cakre [[Pāṇ. iii, 1, 87]]; āsiṣyate; āsiṣṭa; āsitum) to sit, sit down, rest, lie, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Śak.] &c.; to be present; to exist; to inhabit, dwell in; to make one's abode in [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [MBh.] &c.; to sit quietly, abide, remain, continue, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to cease, have an end, [Pañcat.]; [Daś.]; [Hit.] &c.; to solemnize, celebrate; to do anything without interruption; to continue doing anything; to continue in any situation; to last; (it is used in the sense of ‘continuing’, with a participle, adj., or subst., e.g. etat sāma gāyann āste, ‘he continues singing this verse’; with an indeclinable participle in tvā, ya, or am, e.g. upa-rudhya arim āsīta, ‘he should continue blockading the foe’; with an adverb, e.g. tūṣṇīm āste, ‘he continues quiet’; sukham āsva, ‘continue well’; with an inst. case, e.g. sukhenāste, ‘he continues well’; with a dat. case, e.g. āstāṃ tuṣṭaye, ‘may it be to your satisfaction’) : Caus. āsayati, to cause any one to sit down Comm. on [Pāṇ.] : Desid. Ā. āsisiṣate, [ib.];
[cf. Gk. ἧ(σ)-μαι, ἧς-ται : Lat. âsa changed to âra; â-nus for âs-nus.]
√ (ā- 2. as) P. āsyati, to throw upon, lay or put upon, [TBr.]; [Kāṭh.] : Ā. (Impv. 2. pl. ā́syadhvam) to cause to flow in, pour in [RV. x, 30, 2]; [ŚBr. i]; to put or throw on for one's self, [MaitrS.]
n. (?) mouth, face, (only in abl. and instr.) āsás (with the prep. ā), from mouth to mouth, in close proximity, [RV. vii, 99, 7]
āsā́ and āsayā́ (generally used as an adv.), before one's eyes
ā́t ind. (abl. of 4. a) afterwards, then (often used in a concluding paragraph antithetically to yád, yadā, yádi. and sometimes strengthened by the particles áha, íd, īm, u), [RV.]; [AV.]
then, further, also, and, [RV.]; [AV.] It is sometimes used after an interrogative pronoun (like u, nú, aṅgá) to give emphasis to the pronoun, [RV.]
ā-√ bhū -bhávati (Impf. 2. sg. ā́-bhavas; pf. ā́-babhūva, &c.) to be present or near at hand; to assist; to exist, be, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to continue one's existence, [MBh.]; to originate, be produced, begin to exist, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]
ā-bhū́ mfn. present, being near at hand, assisting, helping, [RV.]
approaching, turning one's self towards (as a worshipper towards the deity), [RV. i, 51, 9]
ā-√ bhṛ P. -bhárati (pf. ā́-jabhāra, [RV.]; aor. P. sg. ā́bhārṣam, [RV.] &c.) to bring towards or near; to carry or fetch; to effect, produce, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to fill up, fill, attract (one's attention), [BhP.]
ā-√ dhā P. Ā. -dadhāti, -dhatte (in the later language usually Ā.), 1. sg. ā́-dadhāmi, [AV. ii, 10, 5], &c.; Impv. 2. sg. ā-dhehi, [AV. vi, 26, 1], &c.; pf. 3. pl. -dadhús, [RV. viii, 103, 1], &c.; aor. 3. pl. ā́-dhus, [RV. iv, 6, 6], &c.; p. -dadhāna, p. Pass. -dhīyamāna (in comp., e.g. ā-dhīyamāna-citta, [Rājat. v, 164]); perf. -dadhau, &c.; [see under √ 1. dhā], (P. and Ā.) to place on, put down, deposit, put; to impregnate, instil (e.g. good sentiments), impress, direct; to apply, appoint, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to add (fuel to fire), [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [ĀśvGṛ.]; [PārGṛ.] &c.; to give or deposit in pledge, stake (money), [RV.]; to give, supply, lend, deliver, [RV.]; [AV.]; [PārGṛ.]; [BhP.] &c.; to accept, receive, [RV.]; [AV.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.] &c.; to make, constitute, effect, [Ragh.]; [Mālav.]; [Rājat.] &c.; (only Ā.) to keep, preserve, appropriate to one's self, hold, possess, take; to conceive (as a woman), get children, [RV.] &c.: Caus. -dhāpayati, to cause to put: Desid. Ā. -dhitsate, to wish to kindle (a fire), [TBr.] : P. (p. -dhitsat) to be about to take up (a stick for punishing), [MBh. xii, 3170.]
ā-√ dhī (cf. ā-dhyai; according to [Dhātup. xxiv, 68]; [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 6], &c., -dīdhī), P. (Subj. 3. pl. ā́-dīdhayan) to mind, care for, [RV. vii, 7, 6] : Ā. (Subj. 2. sg. ā́-dīdhīthās) to meditate on, think about, care for, wish for, [AV. viii, 1, 8], &c.; (p. aor. -dhī́ṣamāṇa mfn., [RV. x, 26, 6]) to wish for, long for.
ā-dhī́ f. (for 1. ā-dhī See under ā-√ dhā), eagerness, longing, care, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.
ā-√ dhṛ P. (-dharati) to hold, keep, support, [R.]; [Kathās.] : Caus. P. (impf. 2. sg. ādhārayas) to bring, supply, [RV. i, 52, 8]; [ix, 12, 9] : Pass. (-dhriyate) to be contained, exist in anything (loc.)
ā-√ śī Ā. (irr. -śáye [3. sg.] [RV.]; [AV.] : Impv. 3. sg. ā-śayām, [AV. v, 25, 9]; 3. pl. -śerate, [Vikr.]) to lie or rest on or round: P. (impf. 3. pl. āśayan) to wish, [BhP. ix, 1, 37] [perhaps this form is rather a Nom. from 1. āśā?] : Caus. (impf. ā́śīśayat) to lay or put upon, [R.]
ā-√ śi P. (Impv. ā́-śiśīhi) to sharpen [[Sāy.]] i.e. to make zealous, [RV. vii, 16, 6]; [viii, 21, 8] [to bestow, let partake, [BRD.]]; (for 1. See āśa.)
ā-√ 1. dā Ā. -datte, ([Pāṇ. i, 3, 20]), ep. also rarely P. (e.g. 1. sg. -dadmi, or -dadāmi), Ved. generally Ā. [Pot. 1. pl. -dadīmahi ; impf. 3. sg. ādatta; perf. 1. and 3. sg. -dade; perf. p. -dadāná, [RV. iv, 19, 9], or -dádāna, [RV. x, 18, 9]; [AV.]], but also P. (impf. sg. ādam, ādas, ādat, and 1. pl. ādāma aor. 3. du. āttām, [VS. xxi, 43]) ‘to give to one's self’, take, accept, receive from (loc. instr. or abl.), [RV.] &c.; to seize, take away, carry off, rob, [ib.]; to take back, reclaim, [Mn. viii, 222] seq.; to take off or out from (abl.), separate from (abl.), [RV. i, 139, 2], &c.; to take or carry away with one's self, [KenaUp.] (Pot. P. 1. sg. -dadīyam !), [Mn. ix, 92]; [MBh.]; to seize, grasp, take or catch hold of [RV.] &c.; to put on (clothes), [RV. ix, 96, 1]; [ŚvetUp.]; to take as food or drink (with gen.), [RV. viii, 72, 17] and,(perf. Pass. 3. sg. -dade), [19, 31]; (with acc.), [Ragh. ii, 6]; to undertake, begin, [BhP.] &c.; to choose (a path), [R.]; [Ragh. iii, 46]; (with vacanam &c.) to begin to speak, [MBh.] &c.; to begin to speak or to recite, [TāṇḍyaBr.]; [Lāṭy.] (cf. punar-ādāyam); to offer (as oblations), [MuṇḍUp.] (irreg. pr. p. -dadāyat); to perceive, notice, feel, [MBh.]; [Rājat.]; to keep in mind, [N.]; to accept, approve of [MBh. v, 7324]; [R.]; [Mālav.] : Caus. (ind.p. -dāpya) to cause one to take, [ŚāṅkhŚr.] : Desid. Ā. (impf. 3. pl. ā́ditsanta) to be on the point of taking or carrying away from (gen.), [TS. i]; to be on the point of taking (the hand of), [Daś.]; to be about to take to one's self, [Hcar.]
ā-√ 4. dā P. ā́-dyati, to bind on, fasten to, [AV.]
ā-√ dṛ ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 28]) Ā. -driyate, rarely poet. P. [ādriyat, [BhP. iv, 4, 7]] to regard with attention, attend to, be careful about (acc.), [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.]; [MBh.]; [Śak.] &c.; to respect, honour, reverence, [Pañcat.]; [BhP.]; [Ragh.]
ifc. beginning with, et caetera, and so on (e.g. indrādayaḥ surāḥ, the gods beginning with Indra i.e. Indra &c.; gṛhādiyukta, possessed of houses &c.; evamādīni vastūni, such things and others of the same kind: śayyā khaṭvādiḥ [Comm. on [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 99]], Śayyā means a bed &c.; often with -ka at the end, e.g. dānadharmādikam [[Hit.]], liberality, justice, &c.)
ā-√ gā -jigāti (Impv. -jigātu; aor. -gāt, 3. pl. -guḥ) to come towards or into (acc.), approach, [RV.] &c.; to attain, [Śiś. v, 41]; to overcome, visit (as fear or evil), [MBh.]
ā-√ gai (aor. Ā. 1. sg. -gāsi) to sing to, address or praise in singing, [RV. viii, 27, 2]; (impf. āgāyat) to sing in order to obtain anything, [ŚBr. xiv]; [ChUp.]; (p. -gāyat) to sing in a low voice, [TāṇḍyaBr.]
ā-√ hṛ P. -harati (aor. 1. sg. -ahārṣam, [RV.]; [AV.]; pf. -jahāra, Inf. -hartavaí, [ŚBr. xiii, 8, 3, 10]); seldom Ā. (pf. -jahre, [Hariv.]) to fetch, bring, bring near; to offer, reach forth, deliver, give, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [BhP.]; [Śak.] &c.; to fetch for one's self, take away, take, receive, get, [AV.]; [ĀśvGṛ.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]; [Kathās.] &c.; to conceive (as a woman), [Mn.]; to bring home (a bride), [R.]; [Kathās.]; [Kum.]; to put on; to take for one's self, use, enjoy, [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; [R.] &c.; to manifest, utter, speak, [MBh.]; [BhP.]; [R.] &c.: Caus. P. Ā. -hārayati, -te, to cause to fetch; to procure, [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.]; [TBr.]; to cause to bring, collect (taxes), [Mn.]; [MBh.]; to take for one's self, enjoy, eat, [MBh.]; [R.]; to manifest, utter, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Hariv.] : Desid. P. Ā. -jihīrṣati, -te, to wish or intend to procure, [ŚBr.]; to seek to get, [MBh.]
ājí m. rarely f. only once in [RV. i, 116, 15], (√ aj), a running-match
a fighting-match, prize-fight, combat, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.
[ājím-√ aj or √ i or √ dhāv or √ sṛ, to run with or against any one for a prize, [ŚBr.]; [AitBr.] &c.]
war, battle (ājau, in battle, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ragh. xii, 45], &c.)
place for running, race-course, [RV. iv, 24, 8]; [AV. xiii, 2, 4]
(= ākṣepa) abuse, [L.]
(= kṣaṇa) an instant, [L.]
ā-√ ji √ jí (p. -jáyat; impf. 3. du. ājayatām) to conquer, win, [RV. ii, 27, 15]; [AitBr.]; [TāṇḍyaBr.] : Desid. p. -jígīṣamāṇa, trying or desiring to win, [RV. i, 163, 7.]
ā-√ kā (perf. Ā. 1. and 3. sg. -caké) to endeavour to obtain, desire, love, [RV.] : Intens. (Impv. 3. pl. -cakantu; cf. ā-√ kan) to be pleased with (loc.), [RV. i, 122, 14.]
ā-√ kṝ (2. sg. Subj. -kirā́si and Impv. -kirā; p. f. -kirántī) to scatter or sprinkle over, give abundantly, [RV. viii, 49, 4] and [ix, 81, 3]; [AV. iv, 38, 2.]
ā-√ kṛ -kṛṇoti (Impv. 2. sg. P. -kṛdhi and Ā. -kṛṇuṣva; perf. Ā. -cakre) to bring near or towards, [RV.] : Ā. (Subj. 1. pl. -karāmahe; impf. -akṛṇuta, perf. -cakre, p. -cakrāṇá) to drive near or together (as cows or cattle), [RV. x] : P. (Impv. 2. sg. -kṛdhi; ind.p. -kṛ́tya) to drive near, [AV.]; (perf. 1. pl. -cakrimā́) to serve or prepare a sacrifice to (dat.), [RV. iv, 17, 18]; (impf. ākarot) to call near (a deity), [MBh. v, 426] : Caus. -kārayati, to call near, invite to a place, [MBh. iii, 15546] seq.; [Pañcat.]; [Daś.]; to ask any one (acc.) for anything (acc.), [R. ii, 13, 2] : Desid. -cikīrṣati, to intend to accomplish, [Daś.] : Intens. p. -cárikrat, attracting repeatedly towards one's self, [AV. xi, 5, 6.]
(Caus. -kārayati, also) to imply by signs, [Divyāv.]
ā-√ mī P. -mināti ([RV. vi, 30, 2], &c.) to destroy, neutralize, curtail, [RV.]; to put aside or away, cause to disappear or vanish, displace; to exchange, [RV. i, 92, 10], &c.; to put or push out of place, [TBr.] : Ā. (impf. ā́minanta) to vanish, disappear, [RV. i, 79, 2] : Intens. (p. -mémyāna) to change, alter, [RV. i, 96, 5.]
ā-√ nī P. -nayati (1. pl. ā́-nayāmasi, [AV. v, 25, 8]; Impv. 2. sg. ā́-naya, 3. sg. ā́-nayatu; pf. ā́-nināya, [AV. v, 17, 2], and ā-ninā́ya, [RV. viii, 21, 9] ; inf. -netavaí, [ŚBr. ii, 1, 14, 16]) Ā. (1. sg. -naye, [R.]) to lead towards or near; to bring, carry to a place (acc. or loc.); to fetch, [RV.]; [AV.]; [SV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; [Śak.] &c.; (perf. periphr. -nayāmāsa, [MBh. iii, 2282]) to cause to bring or fetch; to bring back or take back, [MBh.]; [R.]; to pour in, mix in [RV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.] &c.; to bring any one to, reduce to any state, [MBh.]; to deduce, calculate; to use, employ, prove: Caus. P. -nāyayati, to cause to be brought or fetched or led near, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ragh.]; [Kathās.] &c.: Desid. -ninīṣati, to intend or wish to bring near, [BhP. x, 89, 42.]
ā-√ 4. nu Ā. (aor. 3. pl. ā́nūṣata, [RV. i, 151, 6] and [ix, 65, 14]) to sound, roar towards or near; (p. -nuvāna, [Bhaṭṭ.]) to cry; to twitter (as birds) : Intens. (ā́-navinot, [RV. vii, 87, 2]) to roar towards.
ā-√ 1. pā P. -pibati, (Impv. 2. du. ā́pibatam, [RV. ii, 36, 6]; pf. -papau: Pass. -pīyate, &c.) to drink in, suck in or up; to sip, [RV.]; [MBh.]; [Ragh.]; to drink in with ears or eyes i.e. to hear or See with attention, hang on [BhP.]; [Ragh.]; to absorb, take away: Caus. -pāyayati, to cause to drink or suck in [BhP.]
ā-√ pṝ P. -piparti, -pṛṇāti, and -pṛṇati, to fill up, fulfil, fill, [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; to do any one's desire, satisfy any one's wish, [RV.] : Ā. -pṛṇate, to surfeit one's self, satiate or satisfy one's self, [RV.] : Pass. -pūryate, to be filled, become full, increase; to be satiated, satisfied, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [BhP.]; [MBh.]; [Kathās.] &c.: Caus. -pūrayati, to fill up, fulfil, fill, [ŚBr.]; [Hariv.]; [Rājat.] &c.; to fill with noise, [MBh.]; [R.]; to fill with air, to inflate, [R.]; to cover; to load anything with, [MBh.]; [R.]; [Ṛtus.]; [Kathās.]
ā-√ pū Ā. (Impv. ā́-pavasva, [RV. ix, 70, 10]; once P. ā́-pava, [RV. ix, 49, 3]; p. -punāna) to be pure; to flow towards after purification; to carry towards in its course (as a stream), [RV.]; [VS.]
(ā-√ ṛdh) P. (Pot. 2. sg. ā́-ṛdhyās, [RV. iii, 50, 1]) to satisfy, fulfil (a wish) : Desid. (p. értsamāna, [AV. vi, 118, 2]) to wish to obtain or to collect.