sapta : ifc. (cf. tri-ṣaptá, tri-saptá) and in comp. for saptán, seven

sapta : mfn. = °tamá, [L.]

sapta : m. N. of Viṣṇu, [Viṣṇ. iii, 44] (where sapta mahā-bhāga may be two words; cf. sapta-mahā-bh°).

abhi : abhí ind. (a prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) to, towards, into, over, upon. (As a prefix to verbs of motion) it expresses the notion or going towards, approaching, &c. (As a prefix to nouns not derived from verbs) it expresses superiority, intensity, &c.

abhi : e.g. abhi-tāmra, abhi-nava, q.v. (As a separate adverb or preposition) it expresses (with acc.) to, towards, in the direction of, against

abhi : into, [ŚBr.] & [KātyŚr.]

abhi : for, for the sake of

abhi : on account of

abhi : on, upon, with regard to, by, before, in front of

abhi : over. It may even express one after the other, severally, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 91], e.g. vṛkṣaṃ vṛkṣam abhi, tree after tree

abhi : [cf. Gk. ἀμϕί; Lat. ob; Zend aibi, aiwi; Goth. bi; Old High Germ. bī].

abhi : a-bhi mfn. fearless, [MBh.]

śiśu : śíśu m. (fr. √ 1. śū = śvi) a child, infant, the young of any animal (as a calf, puppy &c.; also applied to young plants, and to the recently risen sun; often ifc.), [RV.] &c. &c.

śiśu : a boy under eight years of age, [W.]

śiśu : a lad under sixteen, [ib.]

śiśu : a pupil, scholar, [ib.]

śiśu : N. of Skanda, [MBh.]; [R.] (cf. kumāra)

śiśu : of a descendant of Aṅgiras (author of [RV. ix, 112]), [Anukr.]

śiśu : of a son of Sāraṇa, [VP.]

śiśu : of a king, [Buddh.]

śiśu : accord. to some also = śiśna, ‘membrum virile’

śiśu : śíśu mfn. young, infantine, [L.]

nava : náva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. nú) new, fresh, recent, young, modern (opp. to sana, purāṇa), [RV.] &c. &c. (often in comp. with a subst., e.g. navānna cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 49]; or with a pp. in the sense of ‘newly, just, lately’ e.g. navodita, below)

nava : náva m. a young monk, a novice, [Buddh.]

nava : a crow, [L.]

nava : a red-flowered Punar-navā, [L.]

nava : N. of a son of Uśīnara and Navā, [Hariv.]

nava : of a son of Viloman, [VP.]

nava : náva n. new grain, [Kauś.]

nava : [cf. Zd. nava; Gk. νέος for νέϝος; Lat. novus; Lith. naújas; Slav. nǒvǔ; Goth. niujis; Angl.Sax. nîwe; HGerm. niuwi; niuwe, neu; Eng. new.]

nava : m. (√ 4. nu) praise, celebration, [L.]

nava : m. (√ 5. nu) sneezing, [Car.]

nava : náva in tri-ṇava, q.v. &c. in comp. = °van.

jan : cl. 1. [[RV.]; [AV.]] and cl. 10. jánati, °te (Subj. janat, [RV.]; °nāt, [AV. vi, 81, 3]; Ā. °nata, [RV. x, 123, 7]; impf. ájanat, [RV.]; p. jánat), janáyati, °te (in later language only P. [Pāṇ. i, 3, 86]; Subj. °náyat; impf. ájanayat; aor. ájījanat; p. janáyat; inf. jánayitavai, [ŚBr. xiv]), twice cl. 3. (Subj. jajánat, [MaitrS. i, 3, 20] and [9, 1] [[Kāṭh. ix, 8]]; cf. [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 192] and [vii, 4, 78], [Kāś.]; pr. jajanti, [Dhātup. xxv, 24]; aor. Ā. jániṣṭa; Ā. ájani, [RV. ii, 34, 2]; perf. jajā́na; 3. pl. jajñúr, [RV.] &c.; once jajanúr, [viii, 97, 10]; p. °jñivas; Ved. inf. jánitos, [iv, 6, 7]; [AitBr.]; [ŚBr. iii]; [[Pāṇ. iii, 4, 6]]; Ved. ind.p. °nitvī́, [RV. x, 65, 7]) to generate, beget, produce, create, cause, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to produce (a song of praise, &c.), [RV.]; (cl. 10. or Caus.) to cause to be born, [AV. vii, 19, 1]; [xiii, 1, 19]; [VarBṛ. xiv, 1]; [xix]; to assign, procure, [RV.]; [VS. xix, 94]; cl. 4. jā́yate (ep. also °ti; impf. ájāyata; pr.p. jayamāna; fut. janiṣyate; aor. ájaniṣṭa; 1. [[RV. viii, 6, 10]] and 3. sg. ájani; 3. sg. jáni, [i, 141, 1]; jā́ni, [7, 36]; perf. jajñé, 2. sg. °jñiṣé, 3. pl. °jñiré, p. °jñāná) and [[RV.]] cl. 2. (?) Ā. (2. sg. janiṣé, 2. pl. °nidhve, Impv. °niṣvā [[vi, 15, 18]], °nidhvam, cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 78]; impf. 3. p. ajñata [aor., [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 80]], [AitBr.]), twice cl. 1. Ā. (impf. 3. pl. ajanatā, [RV. iv, 5, 5]; p. jánamāna, [viii, 99, 3]) to be born or produced, come into existence, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to grow (as plants, teeth), [AV. iv f.]; [AitBr. vii, 15]; [ŚBr. xiv]; [KātyŚr.]; [Mn. ix, 38]; [VarBṛS.]; to be born as, be by birth or nature (with double nom.), [MBh. i, 11, 14]; [Pañcat. iv, 1, 5]; to be born or destined for (acc.), [RV. iv, 5, 5]; [MuṇḍUp. iii, 1, 10] (v.l. jayate for jāy°); to be born again, [Mn. iv], [ix], [xi f.]; [MBh. i], [iii], [xiii]; [Hit. Introd. 14]; to become, be, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.; to be changed into (dat.), [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 13], [Kāś.]; to take place, happen, [Vet. i, 11]; [iv, 25]; to be possible or applicable or suitable, [Suśr.]; to generate, produce, [R. iii, 20, 17]; [Caraṇ.] : Pass. janyate, to be born or produced, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 43] : Desid. jijaniṣati, [42], [Kāś.] : Intens. jañjanyate and jājāy°, [43] (cf. [Vop. xx, 17]);

jan : , [cf. γίγνομαι; Lat. gigno, (g)nascor; Hib. genim, ‘I beget, generate’.]

jenya : jénya mfn. (√ jan) of noble origin (cf. γενναῖος), [RV.]

jenya : genuine, true (wealth, vásu), [ii, 5, 1]; [viii, 101, 6.]

vipaścit : vipaś—cít mfn. inspired, wise, learned, versed in or acquainted with (comp.), [RV.] &c. &c.

vipaścit : vipaś—cít m. N. of Indra under Manu Svārociṣa, [Pur.]

vipaścit : of the Supreme Spirit, [Sarvad.]

vipaścit : of a Buddha (prob. w.r. for vipaśyin), [Lalit.]

ap : áp n. (gen. apás), work (according to [NBD.]), [RV. i, 151, 4.]

ap : áp f. (in Ved. used in sing. and pl., but in the classical language only in pl., ā́pas) water

ap : air, the intermediate region, [Naigh.]

ap : the star δ Virginis

ap : the Waters considered as divinities. ifc. may become apa or īpa, ūpa after i- and u- stems respectively.

ap : [cf. Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva, ‘a river’; Old Germ. aha, and affa at the end of compounds; Lith. uppê, ‘a river’; perhaps Lat. amnis, ‘a river’, for apnis cf. also ἀϕρός]

gandharva : gandharvá as, m. a Gandharva [though in later times the Gandharvas are regarded as a class, yet in [RV.] rarely more than one is mentioned; he is designated as the heavenly Gandharva (divyá g°, [RV. ix, 86, 36] and [x, 139, 5]), and is also called Viśvā-vasu ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [139, 4] and [5]) and Vāyu-keśa (in pl. [RV. iii, 38, 6]); his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters ([RV. i, 22, 14]; [viii, 77, 5]; [ix, 85, 12]; [86, 36]; [x, 10, 4]; [AV. ii, 2, 3]); his especial duty is to guard the heavenly Soma ([RV. ix, 83, 4] and [85, 12]), which the gods obtain through his intervention ([RV.]; [AV. vii, 73, 3]; cf. [RV. i, 22, 14]); it is obtained for the human race by Indra, who conquers the Gandharva and takes it by force ([RV. viii, 1, 11] and [77, 5]); the heavenly Gandharva is supposed to be a good physician, because the Soma is considered as the best medicine; possibly, however, the word Soma originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly Gandharva may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon; in one passage ([RV. ix, 86, 36]) the heavenly Gandharva and the Soma are identified; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses ([i, 163, 2]; [x, 177, 2]; cf. [135, 5]); he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally ([x, 139, 5] and [6]; [AV. ii, 1, 2]; [xx, 128, 3]; [VS. xi, 1]; [xxxii, 9]); he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, Yama and Yamī ([RV. x, 10, 4]), and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them ([RV. x, 85, 21] and [22]; [40] and [41]); for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies ([AV. xiv, 2, 35] and [36]); ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly Gandharva (cf. -gṛhīta, -graha); the Gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one Gandharva; they live in the sky ([RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr. xiv]), guard the Soma ([RV. ix, 113, 3]; [ŚBr. iii]; [AitBr. i, 27]), are governed by Varuṇa (just as the Apsarasas are governed by Soma), [ŚBr. xiii]; [ĀśvŚr. x, 7, 3], know the best medicines ([AV. viii, 7, 23]; [VS. xii, 98]), regulate the course of the asterisms ([AV. xiii, 1, 23]; [BhP. iv, 29, 21]; hence twenty-seven are mentioned, [VS. ix, 7]), follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them ([AV.]; [ŚBr. iii]); as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to Soma, the Gandharvas, and Agni ([Gṛhyās. ii, 19 f.]; [Pañcat.]; [Suśr.]); the wives of the Gandharvas are the Apsarasas (cf. gandharvāpsarás), and like them the Gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice ([AV. vii, 109, 5]); they are also feared as evil beings together with the Rākṣasas, Kimīdins, Piśācas, &c., amulets being worn as a protection against them ([AV.]; [Suśr.]); they are said to have revealed the Vedas to Vāc ([ŚBr. iii]; cf. [PārGṛ. ii, 12, 2]), and are called the preceptors of the Ṛṣis ([ŚBr. xi]); Purūravas is called among them ([ib.]); in epic poetry the Gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers (cf. [RV. x, 177, 2]) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the Apsarasas to Indra's heaven, sharing also in his battles ([Yājñ. i, 71]; [MBh.]; [Hariv.] &c.; cf. [RTL. p. 238]); in the more systematic mythology the Gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (i.e. gods, manes, Gandharvas, [AV. xi, 5, 2]; or gods, Asuras, Gandharvas, men, [TS. vii, 8, 25, 2]; cf. [ŚBr. x]; or gods, men, Gandharvas, Apsarasas, Sarpas, and manes, [AitBr. iii, 31, 5]; for other enumerations cf. [Nir. iii, 8]; [Mn. i, 37] [[RTL. p. 237]] & [iii, 196]; [vii, 23]; [xii, 47]; [Nal.] &c.); divine and human Gandharvas are distinguished ([TUp. ii, 8]; the divine or Deva-Gandharvas are enumerated, [MBh. i, 2550 ff.] and [4810 ff.]); another passage names 11 classes of Gandharvas ([TĀr. i, 9, 3]); the chief or leader of the Gandharvas is named Citra-ratha ([Bhag. x, 26]); they are called the creatures of Prajāpati ([Mn. i, 37]) or of Brahmā ([Hariv. 11793]) or of Kaśyapa ([11850]) or of the Munis ([MBh. i, 2550]; [Hariv. 11553]) or of Prādhā ([MBh. i, 2556]) or of Ariṣṭā ([Hariv. 234]; [VP. i, 21]) or of Vāc ([PadmaP.]); with Jainas the Gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the Vyantaras]

gandharva : N. of the attendant of the 17th Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī, [L.]

gandharva : a singer, [VarBṛS. lxxxvii, 33]; [BhP. i, 11, 21]

gandharva : the Koïl or black cuckoo, [L.]

gandharva : a sage, pious man, [Mahīdh.] on [VS. xxxii, 9]

gandharva : a horse, [MBh. iii, 11762]

gandharva : cf. [ii, 1043]

gandharva : the musk deer (derived fr. gandha), [L.]

gandharva : the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost), [L.]

gandharva : N. of the 14th Kalpa or period of the world, [VāyuP. i, 21, 30]

gandharva : of the 21st Muhūrta, [Sūryapr.]

gandharva : of a Svara or tone (for gāndhāra?), [Hariv. ii, 120, 4]

gandharva : gandharvá m. pl. the Gandharvas (see above)

gandharva : gandharvá m. N. of a people (named together with the Gāndhāras), [R. vii, 100, 10 f.] and [101, 2 ff.] and [11]; [VarBṛS. xiv, 31]

gandharva : [cf. Gk. κένταυρος fr. κενθαρϝο-ς.]

divya : Nom. P. °yati, to long for heaven, [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 77], Sch.

divya : divyá (dívya, [Pāṇ. iv, 2, 101]), mfn. divine, heavenly, celestial (opp. to pārthiva, āntarīkṣa or mānuṣa), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Kauś.]; [MBh.] &c.

divya : supernatural, wonderful, magical (aṅgāra, [RV. x, 34, 9]; auṣadha, [Bhartṛ. ii, 18]; vāsas, [Nal. xiv, 24]; cf. -cakṣus, -jñāna &c. below)

divya : charming, beautiful, agreeable, [R.]; [Kathās.] &c.

divya : dívya m. a kind of animal (= dhanvana), [VarBṛS. lxxxviii, 9]

divya : barley, [L.]

divya : bdellium, [L.]

divya : N. of a prince, [Pur.]

divya : of the author of [RV. x, 107] &c.

divya : dívya n. the divine world or anything divine

divya : pl. the celestial regions, the sky, heaven, [RV.]

divya : an ordeal (10 kinds, viz. tulā, agni, jala, viṣa, kośa, taṇḍula, tapta-māṣa, phāla, dharmādharma, tulasī cf. ss.vv.), [Yājñ. ii, 22, 95]; [Pañc. i, 450/451, 451, 452] &c.

divya : oath, solemn promise, [Hit. iv, 129/130] cloves, [L.]

divya : a sort of sandal, [L.]

divya : N. of a grammar,

divya : [cf. Gk. δῖος for διϝιος; Lat. dīus for divius in sub dīo.]

nṛcakṣas : nṛ—cákṣas mfn. beholding or watching men (said of gods), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [TS.]

nṛcakṣas : looking after men i.e. leading or guiding them (as a Ṛṣi), [RV. iii, 53, 9]; [10]

nṛcakṣas : nṛ—cákṣas m. ‘waiting for men’, a Rākṣasa, [Pāṇ. ii, 4, 54], Vārtt. 10, [Pat.]

soma : sóma m. (fr. √ 3. su) juice, extract, (esp.) the juice of the Soma plant, (also) the Soma plant itself (said to be the climbing plant Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida, the stalks [aṃśu] of which were pressed between stones [adri] by the priests, then sprinkled with water, and purified in a strainer [pavitra]; whence the acid juice trinkled into jars [kalaśa] or larger vessels [droṇa]; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour &c., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods [in this respect corresponding with the ritual of the Iranian Avesta] or was drunk by the Brāhmans, by both of whom its exhilarating effect was supposed to be prized; it was collected by moonlight on certain mountains [in [RV. x, 34, 1], the mountain Mūja-vat is mentioned]; it is sometimes described as having been brought from the sky by a falcon [śyena] and guarded by the Gandharvas; it is personified as one of the most important of Vedic gods, to whose praise all the 114 hymns of the 9th book of the [RV.] besides 6 in other books and the whole, [SV.] are dedicated; in post-Vedic mythology and even in a few of the latest hymns of the [RV.] [although not in the whole of the 9th book] as well as sometimes in the [AV.] and in the [Br.], Soma is identified with the moon [as the receptacle of the other beverage of the gods called Amṛta, or as the lord of plants, cf. indu, oṣadhi-pati] and with the god of the moon, as well as with Viṣṇu, Śiva, Yama, and Kubera; he is called rājan, and appears among the 8 Vasus and the 8 Loka-pālas [[Mn. v, 96]], and is the reputed author of [RV. x, 124, 1], [5]-[9], of a law-book &c.; cf. below), [RV.] &c. &c.

soma : the moon or moon-god (see above)

soma : a Soma sacrifice, [AitĀr.]

soma : a day destined for extracting the Soma-juice, [ĀśvŚr.]

soma : Monday (= soma-vāra), [Inscr.]

soma : nectar, [L.]

soma : camphor, [L.]

soma : air, wind, [L.]

soma : water, [L.]

soma : a drug of supposed magical properties, [W.]

soma : a partic. mountain or mountainous range (accord. to some the mountains of the moon), [ib.]

soma : a partic. class of Pitṛs (prob. for soma-pā), [ib.]

soma : N. of various authors (also with paṇḍita, bhaṭṭa, śarman &c.; cf. above), [Cat.]

soma : = somacandra, or somendu, [HPariś.]

soma : N. of a monkey-chief, [L.]

soma : sóma (am), n. rice-water, rice-gruel, [L.]

soma : heaven, sky, ether, [L.]

soma : sóma mfn. relating to Soma (prob. w.r. for sauma), [Kāṭh.]

soma : mfn. (prob.) together with Umā, [IndSt.]

viśva : víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one

viśva : whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c.

viśva : all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.

viśva : víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.]

viśva : N. of a class of gods, cf. below

viśva : N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.]

viśva : of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.]

viśva : of a king, [MBh.]

viśva : of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa

viśva : pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.;

viśva : víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c.

viśva : dry ginger, [Suśr.]

viśva : myrrh, [L.]

viśva : a mystical N. of the sound o, [Up.]

bhuvana : bhúvana n. a being, living creature, man, mankind, [RV.] &c. &c.

bhuvana : (rarely m.) the world, earth, [ib.] (generally 3 worlds are reckoned [see tri-bhuvana and bhuvana-traya], but also 2 [see bhuvana-dvaya], or 7 [[MBh. xii, 6924]] or 14 [[Bhartṛ.]]; cf. [RTL. 102 n. 1])

bhuvana : place of being, abode, residence, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]

bhuvana : a house (v.l. for bhavana), [L.]

bhuvana : (?) causing to exist (= bhāvana), [Nir. vii, 25]

bhuvana : water, [Naigh. i, 15]

bhuvana : bhúvana m. N. of a partic. month, [TS.]

bhuvana : of a Rudra, [VP.]

bhuvana : of an Āptya (author of [RV. x, 157]), [RAnukr.]

bhuvana : of a teacher of Yoga, [Cat.]

bhuvana : of another man, [MBh.]

rājase : rājáse See under √ rāj.

rāj : (prob. originally two roots; cf. √ raj, √ rañj, √ ṛñj) cl. 1. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xix, 74]) rā́jati, °te (Ved. also rāṣṭi, rāṭ; pf. rarāja; rarāje or reje, 2. sg. P. rarājitha or rejitha, [MBh.] &c.; aor. arājiṣuḥ, [RV.]; arājiṣṭa Gr.; fut. rājitā, rājiṣyati, [ib.]; inf. rājáse, [RV.]), to reign, be king or chief, rule over (gen.), direct, govern (acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to be illustrious or resplendent, shine, glitter, [ib.]; to appear as or like (iva), [Kum. vi, 49] : Caus. rājayati, °te (aor. ararājat), to reign, rule, [AV.]; [MBh.]; to illuminate, make radiant (cf. rājita) : Desid. rirājiṣati, °te Gr.: Intens. rārājyate, rārāṣṭi, [ib.][For cognate words See under rājan.]

rāj : mfn. (ifc.) shining, radiant &c.

rāj : rā́j (rā́j), m. (nom. rā́ṭ) a king, sovereign, chief (in later language only ifc.), [RV.] &c. &c.

rāj : anything the best or chief of its kind (cf. śaṅkha-r°)

rāj : N. of an Ekāha, [ŚrS.]

rāj : a kind of metre, [RPrāt.]

rāj : f. N. of a goddess (explained by rājamānā), [TBr.]