ūrṇamradas : ū́rṇa—mradas (ū́rṇa°) mfn. soft as wool, [RV. v, 5, 4]; [x, 18, 10]; [AV. xviii, 3, 49]; [VS.]

vi : ví m. (nom. vís or vés acc. vím gen. abl. vés; pl. nom. acc. váyas [acc. vīn, [Bhaṭṭ.]]; víbhis, víbhyas, vīnā́m) a bird (also applied to horses, arrows, and the Maruts), [RV.]; [VS.]; [PañcavBr.], (also occurring in later language).

vi : [cf. 1. váyas; Gk. οἰωνός for ὀϝιωνος; Lat. a-vis; accord. to some Germ. Ei; Angl.Sax. ǽg; Eng. egg.]

vi : n. an artificial word said to be = anna, [ŚBr.]

vi : ví ind. (prob. for an original dvi, meaning ‘in two parts’; and opp. to sam, q.v.) apart, asunder, in different directions, to and fro, about, away, away from, off, without, [RV.] &c. &c. In [RV.] it appears also as a prep. with acc. denoting ‘through’ or ‘between’ (with ellipse of the verb, e.g. [i, 181, 5]; [x, 86, 20] &c.) It is esp. used as a prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express ‘division’, ‘distinction’, ‘distribution’, ‘arrangement’, ‘order’, ‘opposition’, or ‘deliberation’ (cf. vi-√ bhid, -śiṣ, -dhā, -rudh, -car, with their nominal derivatives)

vi : sometimes it gives a meaning opposite to the idea contained in the simple root (e.g. √ krī, ‘to buy’; vi-√ krī, ‘to sell’), or it intensifies that idea (e.g. √ hiṃs, ‘to injure’; vi-√ hiṃs, ‘to injure severely’). The above 3. ví may also be used in forming compounds not immediately referable to verbs, in which cases it may express ‘difference’ (cf. 1. vi-lakṣaṇa), ‘change’ or ‘variety’ (cf. vi-citra), ‘intensity’ (cf. vi-karāla), ‘manifoldness’ (cf. vi-vidha), ‘contrariety’ (cf. vi-loma), ‘deviation from right’ (cf. vi-śīla), ‘negation’ or ‘privation’ (cf. vi-kaccha, being often used like 3. a, nir, and nis [qq.vv.], and like the Lat. dis, se, and the English a, dis, in, un &c.)

vi : in some cases it does not seem to modify the meaning of the simple word at all (cf. vi-jāmi, vi-jāmātṛ)

vi : it is also used to form proper names out of other proper names (e.g. vi-koka, vi-pṛthu, vi-viṃśa). To save space such words are here mostly collected under one article

vi : but words having several subordinate compounds will be found s.v.

prath : cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xix, 3]) práthate (rarely P. °ti, e.g. impf. 2. du. áprathatam, [RV.]; Impv. prathantu, [VS.]; pf. paprathatuḥ, [BhP.]; mostly Ā. pf. paprathé, p. paprathāná, [RV.]; aor. prathiṣṭa, p. prathāná, [ib.]; fut. prathiṣyate, prathitā Gr.), to spread, extend (intrans.; P. trans. and intrans.), become larger or wider, increase, [RV.] &c. &c.; to spread abroad (as a name, rumour &c.), become known or celebrated, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to come to light, appear, arise, [Kir.]; [Rājat.]; to occur (to the mind), [Rājat.] : Caus. pratháyati (rarely °te; aor. apaprathat, [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 95]; Subj. papráthat, [RV.]; paprathanta, [ib.]; práthayi, [TS.]), to spread, extend, increase, [RV.] &c. &c. (prathayati-tarām, [Ratnāv. iv, 3]; Ā. intr. [RV.]; [AV.]); to spread abroad, proclaim, celebrate, [R.]; [Hariv.]; [BhP.]; to unfold, disclose, reveal, show, [Kāv.]; [Pur.]; to extend over i.e. shine upon, give light to (acc.), [RV. iii, 14, 4.]

prath : or pṛth, cl. 10. P. prāthayati or parthayati, to throw, cast; to extend, [Dhātup. xxxii, 19.]

abhi : abhí ind. (a prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) to, towards, into, over, upon. (As a prefix to verbs of motion) it expresses the notion or going towards, approaching, &c. (As a prefix to nouns not derived from verbs) it expresses superiority, intensity, &c.

abhi : e.g. abhi-tāmra, abhi-nava, q.v. (As a separate adverb or preposition) it expresses (with acc.) to, towards, in the direction of, against

abhi : into, [ŚBr.] & [KātyŚr.]

abhi : for, for the sake of

abhi : on account of

abhi : on, upon, with regard to, by, before, in front of

abhi : over. It may even express one after the other, severally, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 91], e.g. vṛkṣaṃ vṛkṣam abhi, tree after tree

abhi : [cf. Gk. ἀμϕί; Lat. ob; Zend aibi, aiwi; Goth. bi; Old High Germ. bī].

abhi : a-bhi mfn. fearless, [MBh.]

arka : arká m. (√ arc), Ved. a ray, flash of lightning, [RV.] &c.

arka : the sun, [RV.] &c.

arka : (hence) the number, ‘twelve’, [Sūryas.]

arka : Sunday

arka : fire, [RV. ix, 50, 4]; [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.]

arka : crystal, [R. ii, 94, 6]

arka : membrum virile, [AV. vi, 72, 1]

arka : copper, [L.]

arka : the plant Calotropis Gigantea (the larger leaves are used for sacrificial ceremonies; cf. arka-kośī, -parṇá, palaśá, &c. below), [ŚBr.] &c., a religious ceremony, [ŚBr.]; [BṛĀrUp.] (cf. arkāśvamedha below)

arka : praise, hymn, song (also said of the roaring of the Maruts and of Indra's thunder), [RV.] & [AV.]

arka : one who praises, a singer, [RV.]

arka : N. of Indra, [L.]

arka : a learned man (cf. [RV. viii, 63, 6]), [L.]

arka : an elder brother, [L.]

arka : N. of a physician, [BrahmaP.] (cf. arka-cikitsā below)

arka : arká m. n. (with agneḥ, indrasya, gautamasaḥ, &c.) N. of different Sāmans

arka : food, [Naigh.] & [Nir.] (cf. [RV. vii, 9, 2]).

arka : Nom. P. °kati, to become a sun, [Subh.]

nu : nú ind. (in [RV.] also nū́; esp. at the beginning of a verse, where often = nú + u), now, still, just, at once

nu : so now, now then, [RV.]; [AV.]; [Br.]; [Up.]

nu : indeed, certainly, surely, [RV.] &c. &c.

nu : cf. [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 121], Sch. (often connected with other particles, esp. with negatives, e.g. nahí nú, ‘by no means’, nákir nú, ‘no one or nothing at all’, mā́ nú, ‘in order that surely not’; often also gha nu, ha nu, in nu, nu kam &c. [nū́ cit, either ‘for ever, evermore; at once, forthwith’ or ‘never, never more’; so also nū alone, [RV. vii, 100, 1]]; with relat. = -cunque or -soever; sometimes it lays stress upon a preceding word, esp. an interr. pronoun or particle, and is then often connected with khalu, [RV.] &c. &c.; it is also employed in questions, esp. in sentences of two or more clauses [cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 2, 98], [Kāś.]] where is either always repeated [[Śak. vi, 9]] or omitted in the first place [[ib.] [i, 8]] or in the second place and further replaced by svid, yadi vā &c., and strengthened by vā, atha vā &c.)

nu : [cf. 1. náva, nū́tana, nūnám; Zd. nū; Gk. νύ, νῦν; Lat. nun-c; Germ. nu, nun; Angl.Sax. nu, nū; Eng. now.]

nu : m. a weapon, [L.]

nu : time, [L.]

nu : cl. 1. Ā. navate (nauti with apa), to go, [Naigh. ii, 14] : Caus. nāvayati, to move from the place, remove, [ṢaḍvBr.]

nu : or nū cl. 2. 6. P. ([Dhāt. xxiv, 26]; [xxviii, 104]) nauti, nuvati, (pres. also návate, °ti, [RV.] &c.; p. P. nuvát, návat, Ā. návamāna, [RV.]; pf. nunāva, [Kāv.]; aor. ánūnot, ánūṣi, °ṣata, anaviṣṭa, [RV.]; anauṣit, anāvit, anuvīt Gr.; fut. naviṣyati, nuv°; navitā, nuv°, [ib.]; ind.p. -nutya, -nāvam, [Br.]; inf. navitum v.l. nuv°, [Bhaṭṭ.]), to sound, shout, exult; praise, commend, [RV.] &c. &c.: Pass. nūyate, [MBh.] &c.: Caus. nāvayati aor. anūnavat Gr.: Desid. nunūṣati, [ib.]; Desid. of Caus. nunāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Intens. nónavīti, nonumas (impf. anonavur, Subj. návīnot; pf. nónāva, nonuvur, [RV.]; nonūyate, nonoti Gr.), to sound loudly, roar, thunder, [RV.]

nu : m. praise, eulogium, [L.]

nu : Caus. nāvayati, to cause to be drawn into the nose, [Car.] (cf. 3. nava).

nu : (ifc.) = nau, a ship, [BhP.]

bhava : bhavá m. (√ bhū) coming into existence, birth, production, origin (= bhāva, [Vop.]; ifc., with f(A). = arising or produced from, being in, relating to), [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

bhava : becoming, turning into (comp.), [Kāṭh.]

bhava : being, state of being, existence, life (= sat-tā, [L.]), [ŚārṅgP.] (cf. bhavāntara)

bhava : worldly existence, the world (= saṃsāra, [L.]), [Kāv.]; [Pur.]

bhava : (with Buddhists) continuity of becoming (a link in the twelvefold chain of causation), [Dharmas. 42] ([MWB. 102])

bhava : well-being, prosperity, welfare, excellence (= śreyas, [L.]), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.

bhava : obtaining, acquisition (= āpti, prāpti), [L.]

bhava : a god, deity, [W.]

bhava : N. of Agni, [ŚBr.]

bhava : of a deity attending on Rudra and frequently connected with Śarva (later N. of Śiva or a form of Śiva; or N. of a Rudra, and as such of the number 11 or of the 11th lunar mansion, [Gol.]; [Var.], Sch.; du. bhavau = Bhava i.e. Śiva and his wife Bhavānī, [BhP.]; cf. [Vām. v, 2, 1]), [AV.] &c. &c.

bhava : of the 1st and 4th Kalpa, [Cat.]

bhava : of a Sādhya, [VP.]

bhava : of a king, [MBh.]

bhava : of a son of Pratihartṛ, [VP.]

bhava : of Viloman, [ib.]

bhava : of a rich man, [Buddh.]

bhava : of an author, [Cat.]

bhava : bhavá n. the fruit of Dillenia Speciosa, [L.]

bhava : = bhavya, bhaviṣya, bhāvana, [L.]

bhava : &c. See p. 748 &c.

bhū : cl. 1. P. ([Dhātup. i, 1]) bhávati (rarely Ā. °te; pf. babhū́va, 2. pers. °ū́tha or °ūvitha cf. [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 64]; babhūyās, °yā́r, babhūtu, [RV.]; Ā. babhūve or bubhūve, [Vop.]; cf. below; aor. ábhūt, °ūvan; Impv. bodhí [cf. √ budh], bhūtu, [RV.]; aor. or impf. ábhuvat, bhúvat, bhuvāni, [ib.]; Prec. bhūyāsam, 2. 3. sg. °yās, [ib.] ; bhūyāt, [AV.]; bhūyiṣṭhās, [BhP.]; bhaviṣāt [?] [AitBr.]; abhaviṣṭa, bhaviṣīṣta. Gr.; fut. bhaviṣyáti, ep. also °te and 2. pl. °ṣyadhvam; bhavitā, [Br.] &c.; inf. bhuvé, -bhvé, bhūṣáṇi, [RV.]; bhavitum, °tos, [Br.]; ind.p. bhūtvā́; bhūtvī́, [RV.]; -bhū́ya, [RV.] &c.; -bhū́yam, -bhávam, [Br.]), to become, be (with nom., or adv. or indeclinable words ending in ī or ū cf. kṛṣṇī-√ bhū &c.), arise, come into being, exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur, [RV.] &c. &c. (often used with participles and other verbal nouns to make periphrastical verbal forms; with a fut. p. = to be going or about to, e.g. anuvakṣyan bhavati, he is going to recite, [ŚBr.]; the fut. of √ with a pf. p. = a fut. pf., e.g. kṛtavān bhaviṣyasi, you will have done, [MBh.]; the pf. P. babhūva after the syllable ām is put for the pf. of verbs of the 10th class &c. [cf. √ as and √ kṛ]; the Ā. appears in this meaning, [Śiś. ix, 84]; [Kum. xiv, 46]; observe also bhavati with a fut. tense, it is possible that, e.g. bhavati bhavān yājayiṣyati, it is possible that you will cause a sacrifice to be performed, [Pāṇ. iii, 3, 146], Sch.; bhavet, may be, granted, admitted, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 114]; bhavatu id., well, good, enough of this, [Kāv.]; [Hit.]; iticed bhavet, if this question should be asked, [Mn. x, 66]; kva tad bhavati, what is to become of this, it is quite useless, [TBr.]; with na = to cease to exist, perish, die, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; with iha na, not to be born on earth, [MBh.]; with śata-dhā, to fall into a hundred pieces, [MBh.]; with dūrataḥ, to keep aloof, [ŚārṅgP.]; with manasi or cetasi and gen., to occur to the mind of any one, [Kād.]; id. with gen. alone, [Lalit.]); to fall to the share or become the property of, belong to (cf. ‘esse alicujus’; with gen., rarely dat. or loc. accord. to [Vop.] also with pari or prati and preceding acc.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to be on the side of, assist (with gen. or -tas), [MBh. 1301] (cf. [Pāṇ. v, 4, 48], Sch.); to serve for, tend or conduce to (with dat. of thing), [RV.] &c. &c. (with phalāya. to bear fruit, [Kām.]); to be occupied with or engaged in, devote one's self to (with loc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.]; to thrive or prosper in (instr.), turn out well, succeed, [RV.]; [TS.]; [Br.]; to be of consequence or useful, [Mn. iii, 181]; (also Ā. [Dhātup. xxxiv, 37]) to fall, or get into, attain to, obtain, [Br.]; [MBh.]; (with idám) to obtain it i.e. be successful or fortunate, [TS.] : Pass. bhūyate (or °ti, [Up.]; aor. abhāvi) sometimes used impers., e.g. yair bhaviṣyate, by whom it will be existed i.e. who will be, [Rājat.] : Caus. bhāvayati (rarely °te; aor. abībhavat Gr.; inf. bhāvitum, [R.]; Pass. bhāvyate &c., [MBh.]), to cause to be or become, call into existence or life, originate, produce, cause, create, [Pur.]; [Sāh.]; to cherish, foster, animate, enliven, refresh, encourage, promote, further, [AitUp.]; [MBh.] &c.; to addict or devote one's self to, practise (acc.), [MBh.]; [HYog.]; to subdue, control, [R.]; (also Ā. [Dhātup. xxxiv, 37]) to obtain, [Jaim.], Sch.; to manifest, exhibit, show, betray, [MBh.]; [Kām.]; [Daś.]; to purify, [BhP.]; to present to the mind, think about, consider, know, recognize as or take for (two acc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to mingle, mix, saturate, soak, perfume, [Kauś.]; [Suśr.] (cf. bhāvita, p. 755, col. 1) : Desid. of Caus. bibhāvayiṣati ([Pāṇ. vii, 4, 80], Sch.), to wish to cause to be &c., [Br.] : Desid. búbhūṣati (°te), to wish or strive to become or be, [RV.] &c. &c.; (with kṣipram), to strive to be quickly possessed, [MBh.]; to want to get on, strive to prosper or succeed, [TS.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]; to want to have, care for, strive after, esteem, honour, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; to want to take revenge, [BhP.] : Intens. bóbhavīti, bobhavati, bobhoti, bobhūyate, to be frequently, to be in the habit of [BhP.]; [Bhaṭṭ.]; to be transformed into (acc.), [RV.]; [AV.]; (with tiraḥ), to keep anything (instr.) secret, [ŚBr.]

bhū : [cf. Zd. bū; Gk. ϕύω, ἔϕυν; Lat. fuit, fuat &c.; Slav. byti; Lith. búti; Germ. bim, bin; Angl.Sax. beó; Eng. be.]

bhū : bhū́ mfn. becoming, being, existing, springing, arising (ifc.; cf. akṣi-, giri-, citta-, padmabhū &c.)

bhū : bhū́ m. N. of Viṣṇu, [MBh. xii, 1509] ([Nīlak.])

bhū : of an Ekāha, [ŚrS.]

bhū : bhū́ f. the act of becoming or arising, [Pāṇ. i, 4, 31]

bhū : the place of being, space, world or universe (also pl.), [RV.]; [AV.]

bhū : the earth (as constituting one of the 3 worlds, and therefore a symbolical N. for the number ‘one’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.

bhū : one of the three Vyāhṛtis (see bhúvas, bhūr, pp. 760 and 763)

bhū : earth (as a substance), ground, soil, land, landed property, [ib.]

bhū : floor, pavement, [Megh.]

bhū : a place, spot, piece of ground, [RV.] &c. &c.

bhū : the base of any geometrical figure, [Āryabh.]

bhū : object, matter (see vivādasaṃvāda-bhū)

bhū : a term for the letter l, [RāmatUp.]

bhū : a sacrificial fire, [L.]

bhū : (also) a partic. land-measure, [Inscr.]

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

śubhra : śubhrá mf(A/)n. radiant, shining, beautiful, splendid, [RV.] &c. &c.

śubhra : clear, spotless (as fame), [Pañcat.]

śubhra : bright-coloured, white, [Mn.]; [VarBṛS.] &c.

śubhra : śubhrá m. white (the colour), [L.]

śubhra : sandal, [L.]

śubhra : heaven, [L.]

śubhra : N. of a man g. kurv-ādi

śubhra : of the husband of Vikuṇṭhā and father of Vaikuṇṭha, [BhP.]

śubhra : of a poet, [Cat.]

śubhra : pl. N. of a people, [MārkP.]

śubhra : śubhrá n. (only [L.]) silver

śubhra : talc

śubhra : green vitriol

śubhra : rock or fossil salt

śubhra : the root of Andropogon Muricatus.

sāti : sātí f. gaining, obtaining, acquisition, winning of spoil or property, [RV.]

sāti : a gift, oblation, [L.]

sāti : N. of a teacher (having the patr. auṣṭrākṣi), [Cat.]

sāti : f. end, destruction, [L.]

sāti : violent pain, [ib.]

sāti : (for 1. and 2. See p. 1196, col. 3), N. of a metre, [Piṅg.]