pra : prá ind. before

pra : forward, in front, on, forth (mostly in connection with a verb, esp. with a verb of motion which is often to be supplied; sometimes repeated before the verb, cf. [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6]; rarely as a separate word, e.g. [AitBr. ii, 40])

pra : as a prefix to subst. = forth, away, cf. pra-vṛtti, pra-sthāna

pra : as prefix to adj. = excessively, very, much, cf. pra-caṇḍa, pra-matta

pra : in nouns of relationship = great- cf. pra-pitāmaha, pra-pautra

pra : (according to native lexicographers it may be used in the senses of gati, ā-rambha, ut-karṣa, sarvato-bhāva, prāthamya, khyāti, ut-patti, vy-avahāra), [RV.]; &c.

pra : [cf. puras, purā, pūrva; Zd. fra; Gk. πρό; Lat. pro; Slav. pra-, pro-; Lith. pra-; Goth. faúr, faúra; Germ. vor; Eng. fore.]

pra : mfn. (√ pṝ or prā) filling, fulfilling

pra : (n. fulfilment ifc.; cf. ākūti-, kakṣya-, kāma-)

pra : like, resembling (ifc.; cf. ikṣu-, kṣura-).

āyuḥ : (in comp. for āyus below).

āyus : ā́yus n. life, vital power, vigour, health, duration of life, long life, [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]; [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.]; [Pañcat.] &c.

āyus : active power, efficacy, [RV.]; [VS.]

āyus : the totality of living beings [food, [Sāy.]] [RV. ii, 38, 5] and [vii, 90, 6]

āyus : N. of a particular ceremony (= āyuḥ-ṣṭoma, q.v.)

āyus : N. of a Sāman

āyus : of the eighth lunar mansion

āyus : food, [L.]

āyus : ā́yus (us), m. the son of Purūravas and Urvaśī (cf. āyu), [MBh.]; [Vikr.]; [VP.]

āyus : [cf. Dor. αἰές; perhaps also αἰών.]

āyus : ā́yus See col. 1.

prataram : pra-tarám ([RV.]; [AV.]), pra-ta°rām ([VS.]; [ĀśvŚr.]), ind. further, more particularly, in future.

ratha : rátha m. (√ 4. ṛ) ‘goer’, a chariot, car, esp. a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the anas, q.v.), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart, [RV.] &c. &c. (ifc. f(A). )

ratha : a warrior, hero, champion, [MBh.]; [Kathās.]; [BhP.]

ratha : the body, [L.]

ratha : a limb, member, part, [L.]

ratha : Calamus Rotang, [L.]

ratha : Dalbergia Ougeinensis, [L.]

ratha : = pauruṣa, [L.]

ratha : m. (√ ram) pleasure, joy, delight (cf. mano-ratha)

ratha : affection, love (cf. next).

adha : ádha or ádhā ind., Ved. (= átha, used chiefly as an inceptive particle), now; then, therefore; moreover, so much the more; and, partly. ádha—ádha as well as, partly partly.

cyavāna : cyávāna &c. See [ib.]

cyavāna : cyávāna mfn. (pr. p. √ cyu), ‘moving’, active, [RV. vi, 62, 7]; [x, 59, 1]; ([61, 2]); [115, 6] (with tṛṣú)

cyavāna : m. (= cyávana) N. of a Ṛṣi (restored to youth by the Aśvins), [RV. i], [v], [vii], [x]; [BrahmaP. ii, 18, 8]

cyavāna : cyávāna m. du. ‘active’, the arms, [Naigh. ii, 4.]

ut : ind. a particle of doubt or deliberation (= 2. uta, q.v.), [L.]

ut : (for the prep. ud See 1. ud.)

ud : a particle and prefix to verbs and nouns. (As implying superiority in place, rank, station, or power) up, upwards

ud : upon, on

ud : over, above. (As implying separation and disjunction) out, out of, from, off, away from, apart. (According to native authorities may also imply publicity, pride, indisposition, weakness, helplessness, binding, loosing, existence, acquisition.) is not used as a separable adverb or preposition

ud : in those rare cases, in which it appears in the Veda uncompounded with a verb, the latter has to be supplied from the context (e.g. úd útsam śatádhāram, [AV. iii, 24, 4], out (pour) a fountain of a hundred streams). is sometimes repeated in the Veda to fill out the verse, [Pāṇ. viii, 1, 6] (kiṃ na ud ud u harṣase dātavā u, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ.])

ud : , [cf. Zend uz; Hib. uas and in composition os, ois, e.g. os-car, ‘a leap, bound’, &c. See also uttamá, 1. úttara, &c.]

ud : or und cl. 7. P. unátti ([RV. v, 85, 4]) : cl. 6. P. undati (p. undát, [RV. ii, 3, 2] : Impv. 3. pl. undantu, [AV. vi, 68, 1]; [2]) Ā. undáte ([AV. v, 19, 4]; undāṃ cakāra, undiṣyati &c., [Dhātup. xxix, 20]) to flow or issue out, spring (as water); to wet, bathe, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [ĀśvGṛ.]; [PārGṛ.] &c.: Caus. (aor. aundidat, [Vop. xviii, 1]) : Desid. undidiṣati, [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. vi, 1, 3]; [cf. Gk. ὕδωρ; Lat. unda; Goth. vat-o; Old High Germ. waz-ar; Mod. Eng. wat-er; Lith. wand-ū́.]

artham : acc. ind. See s.v. ártha.

artha : ártha m. n. [in [RV. i]-[ix] only n.; in [RV. x], six times n. and thrice m.; in later Sanskṛt only m.] aim, purpose (very often artham, arthena, arthāya, and arthe ifc. or with gen. ‘for the sake of, on account of, in behalf of, for’)

artha : cause, motive, reason, [Mn. ii, 213], &c.

artha : advantage, use, utility (generally named with kāma and dharma See tri-varga; used in wishing well to another dat. or gen. [Pāṇ. ii, 3, 73])

artha : thing, object (said of the membrum virile, [ŚBr. xiv])

artha : object of the senses, [VarBṛS.]

artha : (hence) the number ‘five’, [Sūryas.]

artha : substance, wealth, property, opulence, money

artha : (hence in astron.) N. of the second mansion, the mansion of wealth (cf. dhana), [VarBṛS.]

artha : personified as the son of Dharma and Buddhi, [BhP.]

artha : affair, concern (Ved. often acc. ártham with √ i, or gam, to go to one's business, take up one's work, [RV.] &c.)

artha : (in law) lawsuit, action

artha : having to do with (instr.), wanting, needing anything (instr.), [ŚBr.], &c.

artha : sense, meaning, notion (cf. artha-śabdau and arthāt s.v. below and vedatattvārtha-vid)

artha : manner, kind, [L.], prohibition, prevention, [L.]

artha : price (for argha, q.v.), [L.]

parātaram : parā—tarám ind. further away, [RV.]

parātaram : parā-taram See parā, p. 589, col. 2.

su : cl. 1. P. Ā. savati, °te, to go, move, [Dhātup. xxii, 42] ([Vop.] sru).

su : (= √ 1. sū) cl. 1. 2. P. ([Dhātup. xxii, 43] and [xxiv, 32]; savati, sauti, only in 3. sg. pr. sauti and 2. sg. Impv. suhi) to urge, impel, incite, [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; to possess supremacy, [Dhātup.]

su : cl. 5. P. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxvii, 1]) sunóti, sunute (in [RV.] 3. pl. sunvánti, sunviré [with pass. sense] and suṣvati; p. sunvát or sunvāná [the latter with act. and pass. sense] [ib.]; pf. suṣāva, suṣuma &c., [ib.]; [MBh.]; p. in Veda suṣuvás and suṣvāṇá [the later generally with pass. sense; accord. to [Kāś.] on [Pāṇ. iii, 2, 106], also suṣuvāṇa with act. sense]; aor. accord. to Gr. asāvīt or asauṣīt, asoṣṭa or asaviṣṭa; in [RV.] also Impv. sótu, sutám, and p. [mostly pass.] suvāná [but the spoken form is svāná and so written in [SV.], suv° in [RV.]]; and 3. pl. asuṣavuḥ, [AitBr.]; fut. sotā, [ib.]; soṣyati, [KātyŚr.]; saviṣyati, [ŚBr.]; inf. sótave, sótos, [RV.] : [Br.]; sotum Gr.; ind.p. -sútya, [Br.]; -sūya, [MBh.]), to press out, extract (esp. the juice from the Soma plant for libations), [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [KātyŚr.]; [Up.]; [MBh.]; to distil, prepare (wine, spirits &c.) Sch. on [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 132] : Pass. sūyáte (in [RV.] also Ā. 3. sg. sunve and 3. pl. sunviré with pass. sense; aor. ásāvi, [ib.]) : Caus. -sāvayati or -ṣāvayati (see abhi-ṣu and pra-√ su; aor. asūṣavat, accord. to some asīṣavat) Gr.: Desid. of Caus. suṣāvayiṣati, [ib.] : Desid. susūṣati, °te, [ib.] : Intens. soṣūyate, soṣavīti, soṣoti, [ib.]

su : (= √ 2. sū), (only in 3. sg. sauti See pra-√ sū) to beget, bring forth.

su : sú ind. (opp. to dus and corresponding in sense to Gk. εὖ; perhaps connected with 1. vásu, and, accord. to some, with pron. base sa, as ku with ka; in Veda also sū́ and liable to become ṣu or ṣū and to lengthen a preceding vowel, while a following na may become ṇa; it may be used as an adj. or adv.), good, excellent, right, virtuous, beautiful, easy, well, rightly, much, greatly, very, any, easily, willingly, quickly (in older language often with other particles; esp. with u, = ‘forthwith, immediately’; with mo i.e. mā u, = ‘never, by no means’ ; sú kam often emphatically with an Impv., e.g. tíṣṭhā sú kam maghavan mā́ parā gāḥ, ‘do tarry O Maghavan, go not past’, [RV. iii, 53, 2]; always qualifies the meaning of a verb and is never used independently at the beginning of a verse; in later language it is rarely a separate word, but is mostly prefixed to substantives, adjectives, adverbs and participles, exceptionally also to an ind.p., e.g. su-baddhvā, ‘having well bound’, [Mṛcch. x, 50]; or even to a finite verb, e.g. su-nirvavau, [Śiś. vi, 58]), [RV.] &c.;

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following).

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following, in which the initial ṣ stands for an orig. s) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following) :

su : (to be similarly prefixed to the following)

nirṛti : nír-°ṛti f. (nír-) dissolution, destruction, calamity, evil, adversity, [RV.] &c. &c. (personified as the goddess of death and corruption and often associated with Mṛtyu, A-rāti &c., [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; variously regarded as the wife of A-dharma, mother of Bhaya, Mahā-bhaya and Mṛtyu [[MBh.]] or as a daughter of A-dharma and Hiṃsā and mother of Naraka and Bhaya [[MārkP.]]; binds mortals with her cords, [AV.]; [Br.] &c.; is regent of the south [[AV.]] and of the asterism Mūla [[Var.]])

nirṛti : the bottom or lower depths of the earth (as the seat of putrefaction), [AV.]; [VS.]; [ŚBr.]

nirṛti : nír-°ṛti m. death or the genius of death, [BhP.]

nirṛti : N. of a Rudra, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [Pur.]

nirṛti : of one of the 8 Vasus, [Hariv.] (v.l. ni-kṛti)

hā : (ā), f. coition

hā : a lute

hā : f. abandonment, desertion, [L.]

hā : ind. an exclamation expressive of pain, anger, astonishment, satisfaction &c. (= ah! alas! oh! ha! often before or after a voc. case, also repeated hā-hā cf. hahā above, or followed by other particles, esp. dhik, hanta, kaṣṭam &c.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.,

hā : (not always separable fr. √ 3. ) cl. 3. Ā. ([Dhātup. xxv, 7]) jíhīte (p. jíhāna [q.v.]; pf. jahiré, [AV.]; aor. ahāsta, [RV.] &c.; fut. hātā Gr.; hāsyate, [Br.]; [MBh.]; inf. -hātum, [ib.]; ind.p. hātvā Gr.; -hā́ya, [RV.]), to start or spring forward, bound away, give way to (dat.), [RV.]; to spring or leap upon (?), [RV. x, 49, 5]; to go or depart or betake one's self to have recourse to (acc.), [Nalod.] ; to fall or come into any state, [Kir.] : Pass. hāyate (aor. ahāyi) Gr.: Caus. hāpayati (aor. ajīhapat), [ib.] : Desid. jihāsate, [ib.] : Intens. jahāyate, jāhāti, jāheti, [ib.]

hā : cl. 3. P. ([Dhātup. xxv, 8]) jáhāti (rarely cl. 1. jahati; 3. du. jahītaḥ or jahitaḥ, Impv. jahīhi or jahihi [or jahāhi, [Pāṇ. vi, 4, 117]]; jahītāt, [AV.]; Pot. jahyāt, [AV.] &c.; pf. jahau, jahúḥ, [RV.] &c.; jahe, [Br.]; aor. ahāt, [ib.] &c.; ahāsīt, Gr.; 3. sg. ahās, [RV.]; áhāsi, [AV.]; hāsiṣṭa, [ib.]; fut. hātā, Gr.; hāsyati, °te, [AV.] &c.; jahiṣyati, [MBh.] &c.; inf. hātum, [ib.]; ind.p. hitvā́. [q.v.], [RV.] &c.; hitvī́, °tvā́ya, [RV.]; -hītvā, Gr.; -hā́ya, [Br.], hī́yam, [TS.]), to leave, abandon, desert, quit, forsake, relinquish (with śarīram, deham, prāṇān, asūn, jīvitam &c. = ‘to die’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to discharge, emit, [ib.]; to put away, take off, remove, lay aside, give up, renounce, resign, avoid, shun, abstain or refrain from, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to disregard, neglect, [ib.]; to lose, be deprived of [R.]; [Kām.]; to get rid of, escape from, [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.; to cause to emit (with śardham, ‘to cause to break wind’), [Vop.] : Pass. hīyáte or hī́yate (ep. also hīyati; aor. ahāyi), to be left or abandoned or deserted &c.; to be left behind, fall short of (abl.), [RV.] &c. &c.; to be excluded from or bereft of (abl. or instr.; with prāṇaiḥ, ‘to die’), [KaṭhUp.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be overtaken by (instr.), [MBh.]; to be deficient or wanting, suffer loss or injury, fail (also in a lawsuit), decrease, wane, decline, come to an end, [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to weigh less (at the ordeal of the balance), [Yājñ., Sch.]; to be given up or avoided, [Bhartṛ.] (v.l.); to be subtracted, [VarBṛS.]; to become detached from (with abl. or instr.), fall out (as hair), [BhP.] : Caus. hāpayati (mc. also °te aor. ajīhapat; -jīhipaḥ, [RV.]), to cause to leave or abandon &c.; to omit, neglect, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to fall short of, be wanting in (acc.), [MBh.]; [Cāṇ.]; to give up (asūn, ‘life’), [Hariv.]; to lose (kālam, ‘time’), [Kām.]; to abandon (pratijñām, ‘a thesis’), [Jātakam.] : Desid. jihāsati, to wish to leave or abandon, [Daś.]; [BhP.]; [HPariś.]; to wish to reject or disdain, [Prab.]; to wish to escape, [Sarvad.] : Intens. jehīyate, jāhāti, jāheti Gr.