soma : sóma m. (fr. √ 3. su) juice, extract, (esp.) the juice of the Soma plant, (also) the Soma plant itself (said to be the climbing plant Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida, the stalks [aṃśu] of which were pressed between stones [adri] by the priests, then sprinkled with water, and purified in a strainer [pavitra]; whence the acid juice trinkled into jars [kalaśa] or larger vessels [droṇa]; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour &c., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods [in this respect corresponding with the ritual of the Iranian Avesta] or was drunk by the Brāhmans, by both of whom its exhilarating effect was supposed to be prized; it was collected by moonlight on certain mountains [in [RV. x, 34, 1], the mountain Mūja-vat is mentioned]; it is sometimes described as having been brought from the sky by a falcon [śyena] and guarded by the Gandharvas; it is personified as one of the most important of Vedic gods, to whose praise all the 114 hymns of the 9th book of the [RV.] besides 6 in other books and the whole, [SV.] are dedicated; in post-Vedic mythology and even in a few of the latest hymns of the [RV.] [although not in the whole of the 9th book] as well as sometimes in the [AV.] and in the [Br.], Soma is identified with the moon [as the receptacle of the other beverage of the gods called Amṛta, or as the lord of plants, cf. indu, oṣadhi-pati] and with the god of the moon, as well as with Viṣṇu, Śiva, Yama, and Kubera; he is called rājan, and appears among the 8 Vasus and the 8 Loka-pālas [[Mn. v, 96]], and is the reputed author of [RV. x, 124, 1], [5]-[9], of a law-book &c.; cf. below), [RV.] &c. &c.

soma : the moon or moon-god (see above)

soma : a Soma sacrifice, [AitĀr.]

soma : a day destined for extracting the Soma-juice, [ĀśvŚr.]

soma : Monday (= soma-vāra), [Inscr.]

soma : nectar, [L.]

soma : camphor, [L.]

soma : air, wind, [L.]

soma : water, [L.]

soma : a drug of supposed magical properties, [W.]

soma : a partic. mountain or mountainous range (accord. to some the mountains of the moon), [ib.]

soma : a partic. class of Pitṛs (prob. for soma-pā), [ib.]

soma : N. of various authors (also with paṇḍita, bhaṭṭa, śarman &c.; cf. above), [Cat.]

soma : = somacandra, or somendu, [HPariś.]

soma : N. of a monkey-chief, [L.]

soma : sóma (am), n. rice-water, rice-gruel, [L.]

soma : heaven, sky, ether, [L.]

soma : sóma mfn. relating to Soma (prob. w.r. for sauma), [Kāṭh.]

soma : mfn. (prob.) together with Umā, [IndSt.]

gir : gír mfn. (√ gṝ) addressing, invoking, praising, [RV.]

gir : gír f. (ī́r) invocation, addressing with praise, praise, verse, song, [RV.] (the Maruts are called ‘sons of praise’, sūnávo gíraḥ, [i, 37, 10]), [AV.]

gir : speech, speaking, language, voice, words (e.g. mānuṣīṃ giraṃ √ 1. kṛ, to assume a human voice, [Nal. i, 25]; girāṃ prabhaviṣṇuḥ [[VarBṛS.]] or pati [[VarYogay.]] = gir-īśa, q.v.; tad-girā, on his advice, [Kathās. lxxv]), [ChUp.]; [Mn.]; [Yājñ.]; [MBh.] &c.

gir : = gīr-devī, fame, celebrity, [W.]

gir : a kind of mystical syllable, [RāmatUp.];

gir : [cf. Hib. gair, ‘an outcry, shout’; Gk. γῆρυς.]

gir : mfn. (√ gṝ) ifc. ‘swallowing’, see gara- and muhur-gír.

gir : gír m. = girí, a mountain, [RV. v, 41, 14] and [vii, 39, 5]; [Śiś. iv, 59.]

vayam : vayám nom. pl. of 1. pers. pron., we (cf. asma).

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

vṛdh : cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xviii, 20]) várdhate (Ved. and ep. also °ti; pf. vavárdha, vavṛdhe, [RV.] &c. &c. [Ved. also vāvṛ°; vavṛdhāti, °dhītā́s, °dhásva, [RV.]; vāvṛdhéte, [RV.]; p. vāvṛdhát or vavṛdhát, [RV.]; [AV.]; aor. Ved. avṛdhat, vṛdhātas, °dhātu; p. vṛdhát, °dhāná]; avardhiṣṭa, [MBh.] &c.; Prec. vardhiṣīmáhi, [VS.]; fut. vardhitā Gr.; vartsyati, [Kāv.]; vardhiṣyate Gr.; inf. Ved. vṛdhe [‘for increase’, ‘to make glad’], vṛdháse, vāvṛdhádhyai; Class. vardhitum; ind.p. vṛddhvā, or vardhitvā Gr.; in [MBh.] √ is sometimes confounded with √ 1. vṛt), trans. P., to increase, augment, strengthen, cause to prosper or thrive, [RV.]; [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.]; to elevate, exalt, gladden, cheer, exhilarate (esp. the gods, with praise or sacrifice), [RV.]; (intrans. Ā.; in Ved. P. in pf. and aor.; in Class. P. in aor. fut. and cond.; also P. mc. in other forms), to grow, grow up, increase, be filled or extended, become longer or stronger, thrive, prosper, succeed, [RV.] &c. &c.; to rise, ascend (as the scale in ordeals), [Yājñ., Sch.]; to be exalted or elevated, feel animated or inspired or excited by (instr. loc. gen.) or in regard to (dat.), become joyful, have cause for congratulation (vṛdhaḥ, °dhat in sacrificial formulas = ‘mayest thou or may he prosper’; in later language often with diṣṭyā), [RV.] &c. &c.: Caus. vardháyati, °te (in later language also vardhāpayati; aor. Ved. avīvṛdhat, °dhata), to cause to increase or grow, augment, increase, make larger or longer, heighten, strengthen, further, promote (Ā. ‘for one's self’), [RV.] &c. &c.; to rear, cherish, foster, bring up, [ib.]; to elevate, raise to power, cause to prosper or thrive, [AV.]; [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to exalt, magnify, glorify (esp. the gods), make joyful, gladden (Ā. in Ved. also = to rejoice, be joyful, take delight in [instr.], enjoy, [RV.] &c. &c.; with or scil. diṣṭyā) to congratulate, [Kād.]; (cl. 10. accord. to [Dhātup. xxxiii, 109]) ‘to speak’ or ‘to shine’ (bhāṣārthe or bhāsārthe) : Desid. of Caus. See vivardhayiṣu: Desid. vivardhiṣate or vivṛtsati Gr.: Intens. varīvṛdhyate, varivṛdhīti, [ib.]

vacovid : vaco—víd mfn. skilful in speech, eloquent, [ib.]

aham : ahám nom. sg., ‘I’, [RV.] &c.

aham : = ahaṃkaraṇa, q.v., (hence declinable gen. ahamas, &c.), [BhP.]

aham : [Zd. azem; Gk. ἐγώ; Goth. ik; Mod. Germ. ich; Lith. asz; Slav. az].

ā : the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.

ā : ind. a particle of reminiscence, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14]; [Pat.]

ā : also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās, q.v.], and of assent, [L.] [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās), [Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]]

ā : m. N. of Śiva, [L.]

ā : grandfather, [L.]

ā : f. N. of Lakṣmī, [L.]

ā : ā́ (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, [RV. i, 10, 11] and [v, 64, 5], a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam, yā, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacchati, ‘he comes’; ā-datte, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, [RV.]

ā : (with a preceding noun in the acc., as jóṣam or váram) for, [RV.]

ā : (with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, [AitBr.]

ā : (with a preceding abl.) from, [RV.]; [AV.]

ā : out of, from among (e.g. bahúbhya ā́, ‘from among many’), [RV.]

ā : towards (only in asmád ā́, ‘towards us’), [RV.]

ā : (with a following abl. cf. [Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13] & [3, 10]) up to, to, as far as, [RV.]; [AV.] &c.

ā : from, [RV. i, 30, 21]

ā : (with a preceding loc.) in, at, on [RV.]; [AV.] (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā́ vām índrāgnī pániṣṭha ā́,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), [RV.]

ā : (after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), [RV.], (after a verb), [RV. v, 7, 7]; [KenaUp.]

ā : (as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, [RV. x, 16, 11], or after both, [RV. x, 92, 8]] or, if there are more, after the last [[RV. iv, 57, 1] and [x, 75, 5]]; see also ātaś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt, ‘till death’, [Pañcat.] (cf. ā-maraṇānta &c.)

ā : ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, [MBh. ii, 531]

ā : ā-samudram or ā-samudrāt, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)

ā : ā-kumāram, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), [MBh. iii, 1403]

ā : ā-kumāram yaśaḥ pāṇineḥ, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’

ā : ā́ ājānu-bāhu mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, [R. i, 1, 12]

ā : ā́ (see also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)

ā : ā́ (cf. ā-jarasám, ā-vyuṣám, ā-saptama, otsūryám.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa] it implies diminution, [Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18] Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red, reddish, [Ragh. xvi, 51]

ā : ā́ (see also ā-pakva, oṣṇa, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on [Ragh. iii, 8]) occasionally give to in this application the meaning samantāt, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla, ‘blue all round’.

viśa : mfn. See dur-viśa; w.r. for bisa, q.v.

viśa : m. N. of a man g. śubhrādi

viśa : f(A)n. = 2. viś, a tribe, class, people (see manuṣya-v°)

viś : biś (or ), cl. 1. P. beśati, to go, [Dhātup. xvii, 71] (= √ pis, q.v.)

viś : cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 130]) viśáti (rarely, in later language mostly mc. also Ā. viśate ; pf. vivéśa, viviśe, [RV.] &c. &c. [viveśitha, viveśuḥ, [RV.]; viviśyās, [ib.]; p. -viśivás, [AV.]; viviśivas or viviśvas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68]; aviveśīs, [RV.]]; aor. áviśran, ávikṣmahi, veśīt, [RV.]; avikṣat, [Br.] &c.; avikṣata Gr.; Prec. viśyāt, [ib.]; fut. veṣṭā, [MBh.]; vekṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. veṣṭum, [MBh.] &c.; veṣṭavai, [Br.]; viśam, [RV.]; ind.p. -viśya, [AV.] &c. &c.), to enter, enter in or settle down on, go into (acc. loc., or antar with gen.), pervade, [RV.] &c. &c. (with punar or bhūyas, to re-enter, return, come back); to be absorbed into (acc.), [Bhag.]; (in astron.) to come into conjunction with (acc.), [VarBṛS.]; (with agnim, jvalanam &c.) to enter the fire i.e. ascend the funeral pyre, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; (with apas) to sink or be immersed in the water, [BhP.]; to enter (a house &c.), [Hariv.]; to appear (on the stage), [R.]; [Kām.]; to go home or to rest, [RV.]; [ŚāṅkhBr.]; to sit down upon (acc. or loc.), [R.]; [Hariv.]; to resort or betake one's self to (agratas, agre, or acc.), [Ragh.]; [Pur.]; to flow into (and, ‘join with’; applied to rivers and armies), [Rājat. v, 140]; to flow or redound to, fall to the share of (acc.), [Hariv.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to occur to (as a thought, with acc.), [R.]; to befall, come to (as death, with acc.), [BhP.]; to belong to, exist for (loc.), [ib.]; to fall or get into any state or condition (acc.), [R.]; [Śāntiś.]; to enter upon, undertake, begin, [R.]; [BhP.]; to mind (any business), attend to (dat.), [MBh. xii, 6955] : Caus. veśáyati, °te (aor. avīviśat; Pass. veśyate), to cause to enter into (acc.), [AV.]; to cause to sit down on (loc.), [BhP.] : Desid. vivikṣati, to wish to enter (acc.), [BhP.]; (with agnim or vahnim) to wish to enter the fire i.e. to ascend the funeral pyre, [Kathās.] : Intens. veviśyate, veveṣṭi, Gr.

viś : [cf. Gk. οἶκος; Lat. vicus; Lith. vëszė́ti; Slav. vǐsǐ; Goth. weihs; Angl.-Sax. wîc; Germ. wîch, Weich-bild.]

viś : víś f. (m. only, [L.]; nom. sg. víṭ; loc. pl. vikṣú) a settlement, homestead, house, dwelling (viśás páti ‘lord of the house’ applied to Agni and Indra), [RV.]

viś : (also pl.) a community, tribe, race (pl. also ‘subjects’, ‘people’, ‘troops’), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.]

viś : (sg. and pl.) the people κατ᾽ ἐξοχήν, (in the sense of those who settle on the soil; sg. also ‘a man of the third caste’, a Vaiśya; viśām with patiḥ or nāthaḥ or īśvaraḥ &c., ‘lord of the people’, a king, sovereign), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.

viś : with sāma N. of a Sāman

viś : (pl.) property, wealth, [BhP.]

viś : entrance, [L.]

viś : víś m. f. a man in general, person, [L.]

viś : víś f. n. feces, [L.] (w.r. for viṣ).