etád mfn. ([Gr. 223]; g. sarvādi, [Pāṇ. i, 1, 27]) this, this here, here (especially as pointing to what is nearest to the speaker, e.g. eṣa bāṇaḥ, this arrow here in my hand; eṣa yāti panthāḥ, here passes the way; eṣa kālaḥ, here i.e. now, is the time; , this here i.e. this world here below)
sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns (e.g. eṣo'ham, I, this very person here) or with omission of those pronouns (e.g. eṣa tvāṃ svargaṃ nayāmi, I standing here will convey thee to heaven; etau praviṣṭau svaḥ, we two here have entered)
as the subject of a sentence it agrees in gender and number with the predicate without reference to the noun to be supplied (e.g. etad eva hi me dhanam, for this [scil. cow] is my only wealth, [MBh.])
but sometimes the neuter sing. remains (e.g. etad guruṣu vṛttiḥ, this is the custom among Gurus, [Mn. ii, 206])
generally refers to what precedes, esp. when connected with idam, the latter then referring to what follows (e.g. eṣa vai prathamaḥ kalpaḥ . anukalpas tv ayaṃ jñeyaḥ, this before-mentioned is the principal rule, but this following may be considered a secondary rule, [Mn. iii, 147])
it refers also to that which follows, esp. when connected with a relative clause (e.g. eṣa caiva gurur dharmo yam pravakṣyāmy ahaṃ tava, this is the important law, which I will proclaim to you, [MBh.]), [RV.] &c. &c.
etád ind. in this manner, thus, so, here, at this time, now (e.g. ná vā́ u etán mriyase, thou dost not die in this manner or by that, [RV. i, 162, 21]), [AV.]; [VS.]; &c.;
[cf. Zd. aêta; Old Pers. aita; Armen. aid; Osk. eiso.]