biś (or ), cl. 1. P. beśati, to go, [Dhātup. xvii, 71] (= √ pis, q.v.)
cl. 6. P. ([Dhātup. xxviii, 130]) viśáti (rarely, in later language mostly mc. also Ā. viśate ; pf. vivéśa, viviśe, [RV.] &c. &c. [viveśitha, viveśuḥ, [RV.]; viviśyās, [ib.]; p. -viśivás, [AV.]; viviśivas or viviśvas, [Pāṇ. vii, 2, 68]; aviveśīs, [RV.]]; aor. áviśran, ávikṣmahi, veśīt, [RV.]; avikṣat, [Br.] &c.; avikṣata Gr.; Prec. viśyāt, [ib.]; fut. veṣṭā, [MBh.]; vekṣyati, °te, [Br.] &c.; inf. veṣṭum, [MBh.] &c.; veṣṭavai, [Br.]; viśam, [RV.]; ind.p. -viśya, [AV.] &c. &c.), to enter, enter in or settle down on, go into (acc. loc., or antar with gen.), pervade, [RV.] &c. &c. (with punar or bhūyas, to re-enter, return, come back); to be absorbed into (acc.), [Bhag.]; (in astron.) to come into conjunction with (acc.), [VarBṛS.]; (with agnim, jvalanam &c.) to enter the fire i.e. ascend the funeral pyre, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.; (with apas) to sink or be immersed in the water, [BhP.]; to enter (a house &c.), [Hariv.]; to appear (on the stage), [R.]; [Kām.]; to go home or to rest, [RV.]; [ŚāṅkhBr.]; to sit down upon (acc. or loc.), [R.]; [Hariv.]; to resort or betake one's self to (agratas, agre, or acc.), [Ragh.]; [Pur.]; to flow into (and, ‘join with’; applied to rivers and armies), [Rājat. v, 140]; to flow or redound to, fall to the share of (acc.), [Hariv.]; [Ragh.] &c.; to occur to (as a thought, with acc.), [R.]; to befall, come to (as death, with acc.), [BhP.]; to belong to, exist for (loc.), [ib.]; to fall or get into any state or condition (acc.), [R.]; [Śāntiś.]; to enter upon, undertake, begin, [R.]; [BhP.]; to mind (any business), attend to (dat.), [MBh. xii, 6955] : Caus. veśáyati, °te (aor. avīviśat; Pass. veśyate), to cause to enter into (acc.), [AV.]; to cause to sit down on (loc.), [BhP.] : Desid. vivikṣati, to wish to enter (acc.), [BhP.]; (with agnim or vahnim) to wish to enter the fire i.e. to ascend the funeral pyre, [Kathās.] : Intens. veviśyate, veveṣṭi, Gr.
víś f. (m. only, [L.]; nom. sg. víṭ; loc. pl. vikṣú) a settlement, homestead, house, dwelling (viśás páti ‘lord of the house’ applied to Agni and Indra), [RV.]
(also pl.) a community, tribe, race (pl. also ‘subjects’, ‘people’, ‘troops’), [RV.]; [AV.]; [VS.]; [Br.]; [MBh.]; [BhP.]
(sg. and pl.) the people κατ᾽ ἐξοχήν, (in the sense of those who settle on the soil; sg. also ‘a man of the third caste’, a Vaiśya; viśām with patiḥ or nāthaḥ or īśvaraḥ &c., ‘lord of the people’, a king, sovereign), [ŚBr.] &c. &c.
vi-√ śṝ Pass. -śīryate (aor. -śāri, [RV.]), to be broken or shattered or dissolved, crumble or fall to pieces, waste away, decay, [RV.] &c. &c. ; to be scattered or dispersed, [Hariv.]; to be severed from (abl.), [R.]; to be damaged or destroyed, perish, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
vi-√ śiṣ P. -śinaṣṭi, to distinguish, make distinct or different, particularize, specify, define, [Sāṃkhyak.]; [Sarvad.]; to distinguish (from others), prefer to (instr.), [MBh.]; to augment, enhance, [MBh.] : Pass. -śiṣyate, to be distinguished or particularized by (instr.), differ from (abl. or instr.), [Prāt.]; [Ragh.]; to be pre-eminent, excel, be better than (abl. or instr.) or best among (gen. or loc.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. -śeṣayati, to distinguish, define, specify, [Pat.], [Kāś.]; to prefer, [Kām.]; to enhance the worth or value of (acc.), [Bhartṛ.]; to surpass, excel, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Pass. -śeṣyate, to be of much account, [MBh. i, 3174] (v.l.)
vi-√ śri P. Ā. -śrayati, °te, to set or put asunder, separate, throw open, open, [RV.]; (mostly Ā.) to go asunder, be opened or separated or expanded or spread or diffused, [ib.]; to have recourse to, rely on [W.]
m. (of doubtful derivation) death, [L.]
N. of a man (pl. his descendants) g. gṛṣṭy-ādi and yaskādi (cf. visri).
vi-√ 1. śru P. -śṛṇoti, to hear distinctly, [TUp.]; [Hariv.]; [BhP.] : Pass. -śrūyate (Ved. also Ā. -śṛṇute), to be heard or be heard of far and wide, become known or famous, [RV.]; [TBr.]; [MBh.] &c.: Caus. -śrāvayati, to cause to be heard everywhere, narrate, communicate, [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to mention (one's name), [MBh.]; to tell (with acc. of pers. and acc. [v.l. loc.] of thing), [ib.]; to make famous, [R.]; [Hariv.]; to cause to resound, [MBh.]
vi-√ śudh P. Ā. -śudhyati, °te, to become perfectly pure (esp. in ritual sense), [Mn.]; [Yājñ.] &c.; to become clear (said of the senses), [R.]; (in alg.) to remain naught, [Bījag.]: Caus. viśodhayati, to purify (esp. ritually), [MBh.]; [Pañcar.]; [Suśr.] ; to improve, correct, [Yājñ., Sch.]; to free from suspicion, exculpate, [Yājñ.]; [MBh.]; [R.]; to justify, [MBh.]; to set clear, fix or determine accurately, [Yājñ.]; [VarBṛS.]; (in alg.) to subtract, [VarBṛS.]
vi-√ 1. śuṣ cl. 4. P. Ā. -śuṣyati, °te, to become very dry, dry up, wither away, [MBh.]; [R.] &c.: Caus. -śoṣayati, to make dry, dry up, desiccate, [ib.]
víśva mf(A)n. (prob. fr. √ 1. viś, to pervade, cf. [Uṇ. i, 151]; declined as a pron. like sarva, by which it is superseded in the Brāhmaṇas and later language) all, every, every one
whole, entire, universal, [RV.] &c. &c.
all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent (applied to Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, the soul, intellect &c.), [Up.]; [MBh.] &c.
víśva m. (in phil.) the intellectual faculty or (accord. to some) the faculty which perceives individuality or the individual underlying the gross body (sthūla-śarīra-vyaṣṭy-upahita), [Vedāntas.]
N. of a class of gods, cf. below
N. of the number ‘thirteen’, [Gol.]
of a class of deceased ancestors, [MārkP.]
of a king, [MBh.]
of a well-known dictionary = viśva-prakāśa
pl. (víśve, with or scil. devā́s cf. viśve-deva, p. 995) ‘all the gods collectively’ or the ‘All-gods’ (a partic. class of gods, forming one of the 9 Gaṇas enumerated under gaṇadevatā, q.v.; accord. to the Viṣṇu and other Purāṇas they were sons of Viśvā, daughter of Dakṣa, and their names are as follow, 1. Vasu, 2. Satya, 3. Kratu, 4. Dakṣa, 5. Kāla, 6. Kāma, 7. Dhṛti, 8. Kuru, 9. Purū-ravas, 10. Mādravas [?]; two others are added by some, viz. 11. Rocaka or Locana, 12. Dhvani [or Dhūri; or this may make 13] : they are particularly worshipped at Śrāddhas and at the Vaiśvadeva ceremony [[RTL. 416]]; moreover accord. to Manu [[iii, 90], [121]], offerings should be made to them daily — these privileges having been bestowed on them by Brahmā and the Pitṛs, as a reward for severe austerities they had performed on the Himālaya: sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the expression viśve devāḥ refers to all the gods or to the particular troop of deities described above), [RV.] &c. &c.;
víśva n. the whole world, universe, [AV.] &c. &c.
ví—śākhā (ā), f. a species of plant, [KātyŚr.] (Dūrvā grass Comm.; = kaṭhillaka, [L.])
(also du. or pl.) the 14th (later 16th) lunar asterism (figured by a decorated arch and containing four or originally two stars under the regency of a dual divinity, Indra and Agni; it is probably to be connected with the quadrangle of stars ι, α, β, γ Librae; see nakṣatra), [AV.] &c. &c.
vi-√ śaṅk Ā. -śaṅkate, to be apprehensive or distrustful or uneasy, [MBh.]; to be afraid of (abl.), [Kathās.]; [BhP.]; to fear, apprehend (acc.), [Śak.]; to mistrust (acc.), [R.]; to doubt, suspect, [MBh.]; [R.]; to believe a person to have or to be (two acc.), [Gīt.]; (with anyathā) to judge wrongly, misjudge, [Śak. v, 17.]
a kind, species, individual (e.g. vṛkṣa-v°, a species of tree, in comp. often also = special, peculiar, particular, different, e.g. chando-v°, ‘a particular metre’, viśeṣa-maṇḍana, ‘a peculiar ornament’; argha-viśeṣāḥ, ‘different prices’), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
(pl.) various objects, [Megh.]
distinction, peculiar merit, excellence, superiority (in comp. often = excellent, superior, choice, distinguished, e.g. ākṛti-v°, ‘an excellent form’ ; cf. viśeṣa-pratipatti), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
(in gram.) a word which defines or limits the meaning of another word (cf. vi-śeṣaka and vi-śeṣaṇa)
(in phil.) particularity, individuality, essential difference or individual essence (with the Vaiśeṣikas the 5th category or Padārtha, belonging to the 9 eternal substances or Dravyas, viz. soul, time, place, ether, and the 5 atoms of earth, water, light, air, and mind, which are said to be so essentially different that one can never be the other), [IW. 66] &c.
(in medicine) a favourable turn or crisis of a sickness, [Suśr.]
(in rhet.) statement of difference or distinction, individualization, variation, [Kuval.] (cf. viśeṣokti)
a sectarian mark, any mark on the forehead (= tilaka), [L.]
(in geom.) the hypotenuse, [Śulbas.]
N. of the primary elements or Mahā-bhūtas (q.v.), [MaitrUp.]
the earth as an element, [BhP.]
the mundane egg, [ib.]
= virāj, [ib.]
vi-śeṣa mf(A)n. extraordinary, abundant, [Ragh. ii, 14] (B. viśeṣāt for viśeṣā)
vi-√ śliṣ P. Ā. -śliṣyati, °te, to be loosened or dissolved or relaxed, [Bhaṭṭ.]; [Kathās.]; to be divided or separated (mithaḥ, ‘from each other’), [Kathās.]; to fall wide of a mark, fail to strike, miss the aim, [Ratnāv.]; to divide, separate from (abl.), [Kathās.] : Caus. -śleṣayati, to cause to be disunited, separate from (abl.), [Kāv.]; [Pañcat.]; to deprive of (instr.), [Pañcat.]
vi-√ śram P. -śrāmyati (ep. also śramati, °te; ind.p. śrā́mya, or -śramya), to rest, repose, recreate one's self, [ŚBr.]; [MBh.] &c.; to rest from labour, cease, stop, desist, [Kāv.]; [Kathās.]; [Rājat.]; to rest or depend on (loc.), [Kāv.]; to rest i.e. trust or confide in, rely on [R.]; [Cāṇ.]; to feel at ease or comfortable, [R.]; [Bhaṭṭ.] : Pass. -śrāmyate or -śramyate (aor. vy-aśrāmi or vy-aśrami, [Vop.]; esp. 3. sg. Impv.; -śrāmyatām or -śramyatām, ‘you may rest’, ‘enough of this’), [Bhartṛ.]; [Ratnāv.] : Caus. -śrāmayati or -śramayati, to cause to rest, make to cease, stop, [ŚāṅkhGṛ.]; [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to cause to rest or settle down on (loc.), [Ragh.] : Desid. See vi-śiśramiṣu.
vi-√ śvas P. -śvasiti (ep. also -śvasati, °te), to draw breath freely, be free from fear or apprehension, be trustful or confident, trust or confide in, rely or depend on (acc. gen., or loc.), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.: Caus. -śvāsayati, to cause to trust, inspire with confidence, console, comfort, encourage, [Kāv.]; [Kathās.]; [Pañcat.] &c.: Desid. of Caus. -śiśvāsayiṣati, to wish to inspire confidence or to encourage, [Bhaṭṭ.]
vi-śeṣya mfn. to be (or being) distinguished or qualified or particularized (see comp.)
vi-śeṣya n. (in gram.) the word to be ‘differenced’ or distinguished (from another word which is called vi-śeṣaṇa, q.v.), a substantive, noun, the object or subject of a predicate, [Pāṇ.]; [Tarkas.]; [Vedāntas.]
characterized by (instr. or comp.), [MārkP.]; [Vedāntas.]
pre-eminent, excellent, excelling in or distinguished by (loc., instr. adv. in tas, or comp.), chief or best among (gen.), better or worse than (abl. or comp.), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
viś—páti m. the chief of a settlement or tribe, lord of the house or of the people (also applied to Agni and Indra; du. ‘master and mistress of the house’), [RV.]; [AV.]; [TS.]
pl. ‘kings’ or ‘head-merchants’, [BhP.], Sch.;
[cf. Zd. viś-paiti; Lith. vë́sz-patis.]
viś-páti , viś-pátnī. See under 2. viś, p. 989, col. 2.