vṛ́t (ifc.; for 2. See p. 1009, col. 2) surrounding, enclosing, obstructing (see arṇo- and nadī-vṛt)
a troop of followers or soldiers, army, host, [RV.]
cl. 1. Ā. ([Dhātup. xviii, 19]) vártate (rarely °ti; in Veda also vavartti and [once in [RV.]] vartti; Subj. vavártat, vavartati, vavṛtat; Pot. vavṛtyāt, vavṛtīya; Impv. vavṛtsva; impf. ávavṛtran, °tranta; pf. vavárta, vavṛtús, vavṛté, [RV.] [here also vāvṛté] &c. &c.; aor. avart, avṛtran Subj. vártat, vartta, [RV.]; avṛtat, [AV.] &c. &c.; avartiṣṭa Gr.; 3. pl. avṛtsata, [RV.]; 2. sg. vartithās, [MBh.]; Prec. vartiṣīṣṭa Gr.; fut. vartitā Gr.; vartsyáti, °te, [AV.] &c.; vartiṣyati, °te, [MBh.] &c.; Cond. avartsyat, [Br.]; avartiṣyata Gr.; inf. -vṛ́te, [RV.]; -vṛ́tas, [Br.]; vartitum, [MBh.] &c.; ind.p. vartitvā and vṛttvā Gr.; -vṛ́tya, [RV.] &c. &c.; -vártam, [Br.] &c.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears), [RV.] &c. &c.; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instr. ‘in a partic. way or manner’), take place, occur, be performed, come off, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na, ‘to be not in one's right mind’; with manasi or hṛdaye, ‘to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind’; with mūrdhni, ‘to be at the head of’, ‘to be of most importance’; kathaṃ vartate with nom. or kiṃ vartate with gen., ‘how is it with?’), [ib.]; to live on, subsist by (instr. or ind.p.), [ĀśvGṛ.]; [MBh.] &c.; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām, ‘it is long since we went’), [BhP.]; to depend on (loc.), [R.]; to be in a partic. condition, be engaged in or occupied with (loc.), [Āpast.]; [MBh.] &c. ; to be intent on, attend to (dat.), [R.]; to stand or be used in the sense of (loc.), [Kāś.]; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (loc. dat., or acc.; also with itaretaram or parasparam, ‘mutually’), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instr. or acc.) towards (loc. with parājñayā, ‘to act under another's command’; with prajā-rūpeṇa, ‘to assume the form of a son’; with priyám, ‘to act kindly’; with svāni, ‘to mind one's own business’; kim idam vartase, ‘what are you doing there?’), [ŚBr.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to tend or turn to, prove as (dat.), [Śukas.]; to be or exist or live at a partic. time, be alive or present (cf. vartamāna, vartiṣyamāṇa, and vartsyat, p. 925), [MBh.] &c. &c.; to continue (with an ind.p., atītya vartante, ‘they continue to excel’; iti vartate me buddhiḥ, ‘such continues my opinion’), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes, [Pat.], [Kāś.]; to originate, arise from (abl.) or in (loc.), [BhP.]; to become, [TBr.]; to associate with (saha), [Pañcat.]; to have illicit intercourse with (loc.), [R.] : Caus. vartáyati (aor. avīvṛtat or avavartat; in [TBr.] also Ā. avavarti; inf. vartayádhyai, [RV.]; Pass. vartyate, [Br.]), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl, [RV.] &c. &c.; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill &c.), [RV.]; [R.]; [Suśr.]; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instr.), enter upon a course of conduct &c. (also with vṛttim or vṛttyā or vṛttena; with bhaikṣeṇa, ‘to live by begging’), conduct one's self, behave, [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare, [MBh.]; [Hariv.]; [R.]; to begin to instruct (dat.), [ŚāṅkhGṛ.]; to understand, know, learn, [BhP.]; to treat, [Car.]; (in law, with śiras or śīrṣam) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal, [Viṣṇ.]; [Yājñ.]; ‘to speak’ or ‘to shine’ (bhāṣārthe or bhāsārthe), [Dhātup. xxxiii, 108] : Desid. vívṛtsati, °te ([RV.]; [Br.]), vivartiṣate ([Pāṇ. i, 3, 92]), to wish to turn &c.: Intens. (Ved., rarely in later language) várvartti, varīvartti, varīvartyáte, varīvartate, p. várvṛtat and várvṛtāna impf. 3. sg. avarīvar, 3. pl. avarīvur (Gr. also varivartti, varīvṛtīti or varivṛtīti, varvṛtīti, varīvṛtyate), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail, [RV.]; [ŚBr.]; [Kāv.]
mfn. (only ifc., for 1. See p. 1007, col. 2) turning, moving, existing
(after numerals) = ‘fold’ (see eka-, tri-, su-vṛt)
ind. finished, ended (a gram. term used only in the [Dhātup.] and signifying that a series of roots acted on by a rule and beginning with a root followed by ādi or prabhṛti, ends with the word preceding ).
f. (for 2. see col. 3) surrounding, covering, [W.]
a hedge, fence, an enclosed piece of ground or place enclosed for partic. cultivation (esp. that of the Piper Betel, which in many parts of India is surrounded and screened by mats), [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
vṛtrá m. (only once in [TS.]) or n. (mostly in pl.) ‘coverer, investor, restrainer’, an enemy, foe, hostile host, [RV.]; [TS.]
vṛtrá m. N. of the Vedic personification of an imaginary malignant influence or demon of darkness and drought (supposed to take possession of the clouds, causing them to obstruct the clearness of the sky and keep back the waters; Indra is represented as battling with this evil influence in the pent up clouds poetically pictured as mountains or castles which are shattered by his thunderbolt and made to open their receptacles [cf. esp. [RV. i, 31]]; as a Dānava, Vṛtra is a son of Tvaṣṭṛ, or of Danu q.v., and is often identified with Ahi, the serpent of the sky, and associated with other evil spirits, such as Śuṣṇa, Namuci, Pipru, Śambara, Uraṇa, whose malignant influences are generally exercised in producing darkness or drought), [RV.] &c. &c.
a thunder-cloud, [RV. iv, 10, 5] (cf. [Naigh. i, 10])
f. rolling, rolling down (of tears), [Śak. iv, 5]; [14]
mode of life or conduct, course of action, behaviour, (esp.) moral conduct, kind or respectful behaviour or treatment (also v.l. for vṛtta), [GṛŚrS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
general usage, common practice, rule, [Prāt.]
mode of being, nature, kind, character, disposition, [ib.]; [Kāv.]
state, condition, [Tattvas.]
being, existing, occurring or appearing in (loc. or comp.), [Lāṭy.]; [Hariv.]; [Kāv.] &c.
practice, business, devotion or addiction to, occupation with (often ifc. ‘employed about’, ‘engaged in’, ‘practising’), [MBh.]; [Kāv.] &c.
profession, maintenance, subsistence, livelihood (often ifc.; cf. uñcha-v°; vṛttiṃ-√ kṛ or √ kḷp [Caus.] with instr., ‘to live on or by’; with gen., ‘to get or procure a maintenance for’; only certain means of subsistence are allowed to a Brāhman See [Mn. iv, 4]-[6]), [ŚrS.]; [Mn.]; [MBh.] &c.
the use or occurrence of a word in a partic. sense (loc.), its function or force, [Pāṇ.]; [Sāh.], Sch. on [KātyŚr.] &c.
mode or measure of pronunciation and recitation (said to be threefold, viz. vilambitā, madhyamā, and drutā, q.v.), [Prāt.]
(in gram.) a complex formation which requires explanation or separation into its parts (as distinguished from a simple or uncompounded form, e.g. any word formed with Kṛt or Taddhita affixes, any compound and even duals and plurals which are regarded as Dvandva compounds, of which only one member is left, and all derivative verbs such as desideratives &c.)
style of composition (esp. dram. style, said to be of four kinds, viz. 1. Kaiśikī, 2. Bhāratī 3. Sātvatī, 4. Ārabhaṭī, qq.vv.; the first three are described as suited to the Śṛṅgāra, Vīra, and Raudra Rasas respectively, the last as common to all), [Bhar.]; [Daśar.] &c.
(in rhet.) alliteration, frequent repetition of the same consonant (five kinds enumerated, scil. madhurā, prauḍhā, puruṣā, lalitā, and bhadrā), [Daśar., Introd.]
final rhythm of a verse (= or v.l. for vṛtta, q.v.)
a commentary, comment, gloss, explanation (esp. on a Sūtra)
vṛtta—tas ind. according to the practice or observance of caste, according to usage or customary procedure (vṛttataḥ pāpam, a sin according to usage), [W.]
vṛtta—cūḍa (C. -caula) mfn. one whose tonsure has been performed, tonsured (accord. to [Mn. ii, 35] this should be performed at the age of one or three years), [Ragh. iii, 28.]
vṛtta—gandhi or vṛtta—gandhin, n. ‘having the smell of rhythm’, N. of a partic. kind of artificial prose containing metrical passages (°dhi-tva n.), [Vām.]; [Sāh.]